高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)UnitCyberspace單元主題語篇訓(xùn)練一含解析北師大版必修

PAGEPAGE6Unit4單元主題語篇訓(xùn)練APeoplearelesswillingtorelyontheirknowledgeandsaytheyknowsomethingwhentheyhaveaccess(接近)totheInternet,suggestingthatourconnectiontothewebisaffectinghowwethink.ProfessorEvanRisko,oftheDepartmentofPsychologyattheUniversityofWaterloo,ledarecentstudywheretheteamaskedabout100participants(參與者)aseriesofgeneral-knowledgequestions,suchasnamingthecapitalofFrance.Forhalfofthestudy,participantshadaccesstotheInternet.Theyhadtolookuptheanswerwhentheyrespondedthattheydidnotknowtheanswer.Intheotherhalfofthestudy,participantsdidnothaveaccesstotheInternet.Theteamfoundthatthepeoplewhohadaccesstothewebwereabout5percentmorelikelytosaythattheydidnotknowtheanswertothequestion.Furthermore,insomecases,thepeoplewithaccesstotheInternetreportedfeelingasthoughtheyknewlesscomparedtothepeoplewithoutaccess.“WiththepopularityoftheInternet,wearealmostfrequentlyconnectedtolargeamountsofinformation.Andwhenthatdataiswithinreach,peopleseemlesslikelytorelyontheirownknowledge，”saidProfessorRisko.Studyingtheresults,theresearchersthoughtthataccesstotheInternetmightmakeitlessacceptabletosayyouknowsomethingbutareincorrect.Itisalsopossiblethatparticipantsweremorelikelytosaytheydidn'tknowananswerwhentheyhadaccesstothewebbecauseonlinesearchingoffersanopportunitytoconfirmtheiranswer,andtheprocessoffindingouttheanswerisrewarding.“OurresultssuggestthataccesstotheInternetaffectsthedecisionswemakeaboutwhatweknowanddon'tknow，”saidRisko.“Wehopethisresearchhelpsusunderstandhoweasyaccesstolargeamountsofinformationcaninfluenceourthinkingandbehaviour.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人們現(xiàn)在更多地是依靠互聯(lián)網(wǎng)獲取知識，而不是依賴自身掌握的知識。這說明了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在影響著人們的思想，人們也越來越依靠互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。1．ThestudybyProfessorRiskoshowsthat________.A．weareeasilycheatedbythewebB．thewebismakingourlifeharderC．wearebecomingdependentonthewebD．thewebhelpsusmakecorrectdecisions解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知，Risko教授的研究表明人們越來越依靠互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。2．Whatdoweknowaboutthequestionsaskedinthestudy?A．Theywerefunny. B．Theyweresimple.C．Theywerepersonal. D．Theyweredifficult.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“general-knowledgequestions”可知，這些問題非常簡單。3．Inthestudy,theparticipantswithaccesstotheweb________.A．mademoreprogressB．showedlessconfidenceC．gavewronganswersD．showedmoreoptimism解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，能使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人不如那些不能使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人對自己有信心。4．Whatdoestheword“data”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Goal. B．Dream.C．Distance. D．Information.解析：選D詞義猜測題。畫線部分的上句提到，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及人們能夠頻繁地接觸到大量的信息，由此可推知，data指的是上一句提到的information。BWhenyouhearaboutsomeonegettinghacked(非法入侵),there'sagoodchanceitstartedwithanemail.Thetrickiscalledphishing(網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚)anditreliesonanunsuspectingsomeoneclickingonalinkinhisorhermail,invitingthehackersinside.Ifyouuseemail,you'vealreadymetphishinginitssimpleforms.Today,however,phishingcomesinmanymoretrickyforms.Itreliesonhackerssendingyouamessagethatlooksitisfromsomeoneyouknowortrust—forinstance,yourbankorafriendoryouremailprovider.Thisformofphishingissoeffectivebecausepeoplewilllettheirguarddowniftheythinkanemailisfromaknowncompanyortheirboss.Asaresult,theyaremuchmorelikelytoclickonalinkthatgiveshackersawayintotheirmailbox.ThisiswhathappenedtoJohnPodesta,theheadoftheDemocraticNationalCommittee,whoclickedonalinkhethoughtwasfromGoogle,andletoutsensitivepoliticalemails.Inthesameway,hackersobtainedprivatephotosofcelebrities(名人)likeKateUptonandJenniferLawrencebysendingthempasswordresetrequeststhatappearedtobefromApple.Andit'snotjustfamouspeople.Moreandmore,hackersaretargetingcompanyemployeeswithemailsthatappeartobefromtheirboss.Ortheywillgetintooneperson'semailandsendmessagestoeveryoneinthecontactlistwithadoubtfullink.Onceagain,becausetheemailisfromaknownsender,peoplearemorelikelytofallforit.Sohowcanyouavoidbeingcaughtinaphishingtrap?Asforindividuals,thereareoftenwaystotellthatanemailisaphishingattempt.Forinstance,misspellingorwronggrammarisabiggiveaway(泄露)．Andthedocumentorthatthehackerswantyoutoclickwillusuallyshowsomethingstrangesuchasextraletters.Ifyouseeanyoftheseredflags(危險信號),deletetheemailorfindanotherwaytocheckifthesenderisreal.Butthebiggestdefensetophishingiscommonsense.Askyourself,forinstance,whyyou'regettinganemailtoresetyourpasswordsuddenly.Orbedoubtfulaboutanemailthatappearstobefromafriendorfamilymemberaskingyoutoclickonarandomlink.Inaword,wecan'tdefeatphishingaltogetherbecauseitreliesonhuman_natureandournaturalcuriosity.That'swhatmakesitsoeffective—andsodangerous.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙手段：網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚，并提供了防御之法。5.Howdohackersstealpeople'sinformationthroughphishing?A．Theymainlysendemailsinthenameoftheboss.B．Theyaskpeopletoleavetheirinformationintheemail.C．Theyletpeopleclickonalinkthatlookslikefromareliablesource.D．Theysendmessageswithspellingmistakestodrawpeople'sattention.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“theyaremuchmorelikelytoclickonalinkthatgiveshackersawayintotheirmailbox”可知，黑客是通過讓人們點擊看起來來自可靠來源的鏈接來偷取他人信息的。6．Theauthortakesthecelebritiesasanexampletoindicatethat________.A．it'stheeasiesttocheatcelebritiesB．phishingisveryhardtobeseenthroughC．celebritiesarethemaintargetsofhackersD．everyonecanfallinatrapintermsofphishing解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容及第四段的前兩句可推知，作者以名人為例是想暗示每個人都可能落入網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚的圈套。7．Whichisthebestwaytofreeyourselffromaphishingtrap?A．Don'tbelievewhatyourfriendssay.B．Deleteanylinklabeledwithredflags.C．Neverclickonanylinkyou'reaskedto.D．Neverdowhatyou'reaskedtobutisgroundless.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容可推知，避免落入網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚圈套的最好方法是不要去做一些被要求做的可疑的事情。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“humannature”referto?A．Peopletrustothersreadily.B．Humansaregreedyforinterests.C．Humansmuchvaluepersonalfeelings.D．Peoplehaveacuriosityabouttheunknown.解析：選A指代關(guān)系題。結(jié)合文中提到的黑客會以朋友、上司、知名公司、銀行或電郵服務(wù)商的名義發(fā)郵件，以博取人們的信任，從而使人們上當(dāng)可推知，這里所說的人性是指人們愛輕信他人。CFive-year-oldPrisillaPerez,astudentatMeadorElementarySchoolinWillis,wasunhappywithherrecenthaircut,whichresultedfromaseveredisease.WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy,shefeltashamed,oftencryingandlosingfocusinschool.Herteacher,ShannonGrimm,sympathizedwithherunhappiness.GrimmandPrisilla'smomwereconcerned,buttheirideasdidn'twork.“Wehadclassroomdiscussionsabouthowgirlshaveshorthairandboyshavelonghair,andIshowedthemphotosofmoviestarswithdifferentlooks，”Grimmsaid.“However,itwasn'tsinkingin.”GrimmthoughtaboutPrisillathroughoutthewinterbreak,andonemorning,shehadanidea:Cutoffherhair—ascarythoughtforGrimm,whoworeherhairlongandtookprideinit.“I'veneverhadshorthair,andIstressedaboutitfortwoweeksbeforemakingadecision，”shesaid.OnJan.4,Grimminvitedahairstylistfriendtoherhome.“Itoldhimtokeepgoing,evenifIcried，”shesaid.Theclasslovedtheirteacher'snewdo,especiallyPrisilla,whoexcitedlyranofftheschoolbusthatafternoonyelling,“Mom,MsGrimmcutherhair！”Theteacheralsoboughtmatchingbowsforherselfandthegirl,sotheycouldstyletheirhairtogether.InFebruary,theteacherrecommendedPrisillafortheschooldistrict'sStudentoftheMonthAward,butduringtheMondayceremony,shereceivedasurprise“heromedal”fromthegirl.“Nowwehavematchingawards，”saysGrimm.Prisilla'smother,Maria,saidthatGrimm'sthoughtfulnessbroughthertotears.“Iwasshocked.Iwascrying.Icouldn'tbelieveit—shedidsomethingIwouldn'thavethebraverytodo.Iwillneverforgetthat.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Prisilla因為是短頭發(fā)而被同學(xué)嘲笑，Grimm老師為了安慰她也剪短了自己的頭發(fā)，這讓Prisilla和她的母親很感動。9．WhywasPrisillaunhappyatschool?A．Shewasn'tsatisfiedwithherteacher.B．Shecouldn'tconcentrateinclass.C．Shewaslaughedatbyherclassmates.D．Shecouldn'tgetonwellwithothers.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy...losingfocusinschool.”可知，Prisilla在學(xué)校不開心是因為她被同學(xué)嘲笑。10．WhatmadeGrimmhaveherownhaircut?A．Praisefromherstudents.B．Devotiontoherstudents.C．RequestofPrisilla'smother.D．Suggestionfromthehairstylist.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“GrimmthoughtaboutPrisilla...shehadanidea:Cutoffherhair”可推知，Grimm老師出于對學(xué)生的關(guān)愛剪短了頭發(fā)。11．WhatcanweknowaboutGrimm?A．Shehad