新教材高中英語UNIT5Revealingnature高考練含解析外研版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGEPAGE4UNIT5Revealingnature五年高考練閱讀理解(2019北京,D,)Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”詞匯積累1.phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象;杰出的人2.reflectv.反映,映出(影像);反射(聲、光、熱等);顯示3.varyfrom...to...(根據(jù)情況)從……到……變化4.fuelv.增加;加強;刺激5.giveoff釋放,放出,發(fā)出(熱量、氣味等)6.processn.(為達到某一目標的)過程;進程7.characteristicn.特征;特點;品質8.unnoticeableadj.不引人注意的;不易被人看到的;不明顯的9.statisticallyadv.統(tǒng)計地;統(tǒng)計上地1.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial.C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.五年高考練◎語篇解讀本文為說明文,主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為人與環(huán)境。氣候變暖導致了海洋浮游植物的變化,進而影響到海洋顏色的變化。文章側重于引導學生關注自然生態(tài),增強環(huán)境保護的意識。1.B主旨大意題。文章第一段給出了海洋顏色變化的原因,第二段具體說明了海洋顏色變化的原因在于海洋浮游植物的類型和濃度的變化。綜上所述,前兩段主要說明了海洋顏色變化的原因,故選B項。2.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文氣候變暖改變了海洋的主要特點,影響了浮游植物的生長,結合關鍵詞changes和affect可綜合推斷出浮游植物對海洋變暖的趨勢是比較敏感的,故選A項(敏感的)。B:有益的;C:重大的;D:不被注意的。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Butinsomewaters...awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知,在更適宜浮游植物生長的地方,海洋的顏色會變得更綠,故選D項(有更多浮游植物的海洋可能看上去更綠)。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文,尤其是中心段落第一段中theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate可知,文章的主要目的是解釋氣候變化對海洋尤其是其顏色的影響,故選C項。A項(評估海洋顏色變化產(chǎn)生的后果)、B項(分析海洋食物鏈的構成)和D項(介紹一種研究浮游植物的新方法)均不符合文章目的,故排除。長難句分析原句Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburyca