2023學(xué)年完整公開課版Unit1Greatscientists9

Unit1GreatScientistsReadingScientists:AlexanderBellelectricityThomasEdisontheFirsttelephoneWrightBrotherstheelectricLampMadameCurieblackholesinUniverseFranklinTheoryofGravityStevenHawkingtheFirstPlaneElbertEinsteinRadiumIsaacNewtontheTheoryofRelativityScientists&Contributions:Archimedes(阿基米德)Warmingup:1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?AncientGreek

(287-212BC)AmathematicianCharlesDarwin2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?theOriginofSpeciesWarmingup:“fatherofmodernbiology”3.Whoinventedthefirststeamengine?

ThomasNewcomen,British(1663--1729)HeimprovedthefirststeampumpbuiltbyThomasSaveryin1698andturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofminesin1712.JamesWatt

improveditstillfurtherinthe1770sThomasNewcomenWarmingup:GregorMendel,Czech(1822-1884)Hegrewpeaplantsanddevelopedideasonheredity(遺傳學(xué))andinherited(繼承,承傳)characteristics.Between1856--1863hegrew28,000peaplants.GregorMendel4.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?Warmingup:MarieCurieWarmingup:5.Whodiscoveredradium?6.WhoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyIlargecities?ThomasEdisonLeonardodaVinci7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?Warmingup:

SirHumphryDavy,British(1778-1829)Hedidresearchintodifferentgasesanddiscoveredthemedicinalvalueofnitrous(含氮的)oxide(氧化物)(orlaughinggas)asananaesthetic(麻醉劑).In1815hedevelopedasafetylampforminers.

HumphryDavy8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?Warmingup:

ZhangHeng,Chinese(78-139)Heinventedthefirstseismograph(測震儀、地震儀)toindicateinthedirectionofanearthquake.Itwasintheshapeofacylinder(圓筒形)witheightdragonheadsroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?Warmingup:seismograph

StephenHawking,British(1942--)Hehasworkedinastronomyandstudiedblackholesinspace.Hehasshownthatblackholesdonotonlyabsorbeverythingaroundthembut,fromtimetotime,throwoutmatteraswell.10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?Warmingup:Pre-reading:Pre-reading:infectiousdiseases:Theycanbespreadtootherpeople.Theyhaveanunknowncause.Theyaredifficulttocure.Theyneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.Skimming::Whowasthegreatscientistinthepassageandwhatwasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday?JohnSnow

choleraCholera:Itbeginsinthestomachandaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.Andthevictimsdiedveryquicklyfromalossofliquidafterseverevomiting(嘔吐)anddiarrhoea(腹瀉).Careful

Reading:JohnSnowwasan

doctorinLondonwho

QueenVictoriaasherpersonal

.Hethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople

to

cholera.Thoughthecauseandthe

ofitwereunknown,hewantedtofacethe

andsolvetheproblem.para.1expertattendedphysicianexposedcurechallengeCareful

Reading:Whatwerethetwotheoriesaboutthecauseofcholera?WhichdidJohnSnowwanttoprove?Whatwashismethodofdoingtheresearch?…multiplied…

…victims……absorb…

Thesecondone.Togatherinformationintwoparticularstreets.para.2&3Careful

Reading:para.4Whatdidhedowiththeresultsofhisenquiry?Whatvaluablecluedidhegetaboutthecauseofthedisease?Whatmightbethecause?Markedonamap…Manyofthedeaths……h(huán)adnodeaths.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblameforcholera.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet.deathPartofSnow’sCholeraMapCareful

Reading:para.5Whydidhetellpeopletoremovethehandlefromthepump?Whathappenedafterthehandlewasremoved?Sothat……sloweddownCareful

Reading:para.6&7Wheredidthewomanliveandwhatdidshehaddeliveredtoherhouseeveryday?Whatdidtheirdeathssuggest?WhatmeasuresdidJohnSnowtaketopreventthediseasefromspreading?AwayfromBroadStreetWaterfromthepumpThepollutedwatercarriedthevirus..suggestedthat…beexamined…wereinstructednotto

expose…to…Findthemainideaofeachparagraph:ThecausesofcholeraThecorrectorpossibletheoryCollectdataonthosewherepeoplewereillanddiedandwheretheygottheirwaterPlotinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdieAnalysethewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.FindotherevidencestoconfirmhisconclusionThepolluteddirtysourceofdrinkingwaterwastoblameforthecauseoftheLondoncholera.Careful

Reading:drawaconclusion

ThinkofamethodCollectresultsMake