考研英一真題閱讀理解

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考研英一真題閱讀理解1

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2022presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2022surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson

[A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

[B]people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]sharpen

[B]define

[C]boast

[D]share

28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

[C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

[D]liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”

29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis

[A]readersoutdatedvalues.

[B]journalists’biasedreporting

[C]readers’misinterpretation

[D]journalists’made-upstories.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

考研英一真題閱讀理解2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCaliforniasadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCaliforniaslameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspectspurse.ThecourthasruledthatpolicedontviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringonessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarresteesreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentofcloudcomputing.meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCaliforniasargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitutionsprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

[A]searchforsuspectsmobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

[B]checksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

27.TheauthorsattitudetowardCaliforniasargumentisoneof

[A]tolerance.

[B]indifference.

[C]disapproval.

[D]cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringonesphonecontentiscomparableto

[A]gettingintoonesresidence.

[B]handingoneshistoricalrecords.

[C]scanningonescorrespondences.

[D]goingthroughoneswallet.

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

[D]citizensprivacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

30.OrinKerrscomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

(C)CaliforniasargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

考研英一真題閱讀理解3

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2022AmericasFederalTradeCornmission(FTC)proposedaddingadonottrack(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.MicrosoftsInternetExplorerandApplesSafaribothofferDNT;GooglesChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGooglesonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoftschiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behaviour