2023年考研外語沖刺密卷8

考研外語沖刺密卷8一、UseofEnglish1>Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnature,rulesthatsummarizeconveniently(1)qualitativelybutquantitative1y-howtheworldworks.Wemight(2)auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlaws,inwhichthe1080elementaryparticlesthat(3)auniverselikeourownbehavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewewouldneedabrain(4)asmassiveastheuniverse.Itseems(5)thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeandintelligence,becausebeingandbrains(6)somedegreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But(7)inamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch(8)thanourown,therecouldnotbemuchknowledge,passionorjoy.(9)forus,weliveinauniversethathasatleastimportantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperienceandourevolutionaryhistoryhave(10)ustounderstandsomethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealms,however,commonsenseandordinaryintuition(11)highlyD.seemsmorelikeamachinethanahumanbeinginactionSony'sQRIOcouldcarryoutallthefollowingworkEXCEPT.walkingeverywherefreelyunderstandingsomewordsutteredbypeoplefindingitswaycontinuingwalkingafteritstumblesFromthepassagewemayinferthattheToyota'sPartner.ismuchbetterthan,anyotherrobotsisnomorethanamechanicdevicemaybeputintomassproductionmayspeaklikeamanJudgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywrittenin2022.in2022.between2022-2022.between2022-2022.6、Ifyouarewhatyoueat,thenyouarealsowhatyoubuytoeat.Andmostlywhatpeoplebuyisscrawledontoagrocerylist,thoseetherealscrapsofpaperthatrecordtheshorthandofwhereweshopandhowwefeedourselves.Mostgrocerylistsendupinthegarbage.ButifyouliveinSt.Louis,theymighthaveahalf-lifeyouneverimagined:asaculturaldocument,postedontheInternet.Forthepastdecade,BillKeaggy,33,thefeaturesphotoeditoratTheSt.LouisPost-Dispatch,hasbeencollectinggrocerylistsandsince1999hasbeenpostingthemonlineatwww.Grocerylists,org.Thecollection,whichnownumbersmorethan500lists,isstrangelyaddictive.Thelistselicittwo-foldcuriosity一aboutthekindofmealthepersonwasplanningandthekindofpersonwhowouldmakesuchameaLWhatwastheshopperwithvodka,lighters,milkandicecreamonhislistplanningtodowiththem?Inwhatorderwouldtheybeconsumed?Wasitaheorashe?Whohadwritten"Tootiefood,kittenchow,birdfoodstick,toasterscrambles,coffeedrinks"?Someshoppersorganizetheirlistsbyaisle;othersstartwithdairy,gotocleaningsuppliesandthenbacktodairybeforeveeringofftoHomeDepot.Afewmeticulousonesnotethepriceofeveryitem.Oneshopperhadwritteninlargelettersonanenvelope,simply,〃Milk〃.Thethinlinesofinkandpenciljuttingandloopingacrosscrinkledandtornpiecesofpaperhaveapurelygraphicbeauty.Oneoflife'smostbanalduties,viewedthroughthecuratoriallens,cansomehowseempregnantwithpossibility.Itcanevenappearpoetic,asinthelistthatreads"meat,cigs,buns,treats77.OnethingKeaggydiscoveredisthatDanQuayleisnotalone一fewpeoplecanspellbananasandbagels,letalonepotato.Onelistcallsfor〃suchi〃and〃strimp〃,"Somepeoplepassjudgmentonthethingstheybuy,〃Keaggysays.Attheendofonelist,theshopperwrote〃BudLight"andthen"goodbeer〃?Anotherscribbled〃goodloafofwhitebread”.Somepassjudgmentonthemselves,liketheshopperwhowrote"read,stayhomeorgosomewhere,Iactlikemymom,gotoKentucky,underwear,lemon”.Peoplesendmessagestooneanother,too.Buriedinonelististhisstatement:〃Ifyoubuymorerice,I'11punchyou.〃Andplentyofshoppers,liketheonewithbothicecreamanddietpillsonthelist,revealtheirvices.Whatwouldpeopleusuallydowiththeirgrocerylistaftershopping?A.Buyingwhatitisscrawledonthepaper.Recordingtheshorthandofwhereweshop.Throwingitintothedustbin.D.PostingitontheInternet.BillKeaggycollectsgrocerylistsbecauseA.hewantstopostthemonline.B.heiscuriousaboutthelistwriters.C.hetriestofindoutsomethingbehindthem.D.hedoesitforamusement.Wasitaheorashe?(Para.2)maybereplacedby.Whodidit?Whowasthepersonthatwroteit?Didheorshewriteit?Wasitwrittenbyamanorawoman?BillKeaggy'sstudyingongrocerylistssuggeststhat.DanQuayleisnotaloneinmisspellingfewerpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelscorrectlymisspellingoccursmostfrequentlyinwriting〃potato”somepeoplemisspell〃sushi〃for〃suchi〃，and“shrimp"for〃,?〃strimpThelastsentenceofthepassageimpliesthat.icecreamanddietpillsrevealonesvicesicecreamanddietpillsarenotgoodfoodC.plentyofshoppersdonotbuytheirrightgroceryD.one'sdefectsincharactermaybereflectedonthegrocerylist11>Well,hemadeitup.Allofit,apparently.AccordingtoareportpublishedonDecember29thbySeoulNationalUniversityinSouthKorea,itserstwhileemployeeHwangWoo-suk,whohadtenderedhisresignationsixdaysearlier,deliberatelyfalsifiedhisdatainthepaperonhumanembryonicstemcellsthatheand24colleaguespublishedinScienceinMay2022.Inparticular,DrHwangclaimedhehadcreated11coloniesofhumanembryonicstemcellsgeneticallymatchedtospecificpatients.Hehadalreadyadmittedthatnineofthesewerebogus,buthadsaidthatthiswastheresultofanhonestmistake,andthattheothertwowerestilltherealMcCoy.Apanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversitytoinvestigatethematter,however,disagreed.TheyfoundthatDNAfingerprinttracesconductedonthestem-celllinesreportedinthepaperhadbeenmanipulatedtomakeitseemasifall11linesweretailoredtospecificpatients.Infact,noneofthemmatchedthevolunteerswithspinal-cordinjuriesanddiabeteswhohaddonatedskincellsforthework.Toobtainhispromising〃results”,DrHwanghadsentfortestingtwosamplesfromeachdonor,ratherthanasamplefromthedonorandasampleofthecellsintowhichthedonor'sDNAhadsupposedlybeentransplanted.Thepanelalsofoundthatasecondclaiminthepaper-thatonly185eggswereusedtocreatethe11stem-celllines-wasfalse.Theinvestigatorssaidtheactualnumberofeggsusedwasfarlarger,inthethousands,althoughtheywereunabletodetermineanexactfigure.Thereasonthisdoublefraudissuchablowisthathumanembryonicstem-cellresearchhasgreatexpectations.Stemcells,whichhavenotyetbeenprogrammedtospecialiseandcanthus,inprinciple,growintoanytissueororgan,couldbeusedtotreatillnessesrangingfromdiabetestoParkinson'sdisease.Theymightevenbeabletofixspinal-cordinjuries.Andstemcellsclonedfromapatientwouldnotberejectedasforeignbyhisimmunesystem,DrHwang'sreputation,ofcourse,isintatters.Theuniversityisnowinvestigatingtwoothergroundbreakingexperimentsheclaimstohaveconducted-thecreationoftheworld'sfirstclonedhumanembryoandtheextractionofstemcellsfromit,andthecreationoftheworld'sfirstcloneddog.Heisalsointroubleforbreachingethicalguidelinesbyusingeggsdonatedbymembersofhisresearchteam.Anditisevenpossiblethatthewholefarcemayhavebeenfornothing.Clonedembryosmightbetheidealsourceofstemcellsintendedtotreatdisease,butifitprovestoodifficulttocreatethem,arough-and-readyalternativemaysuffice.FromthepassagewemaylearnthatHwangWoo-suk.madeupallhisexperienceisafamousgeneticistinSeoulNationalUniversitywasanemployeeinSeoulNationalUniversityD.publishedanauthenticpaperinSciencewithhis24colleaguesAccordingtothepanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversity,Hwang'scaseis.A.amistakeofcarelessB.theresultofanhonestmistakeC.adishonestexperimentD.adeliberatedfabricationThesignificanceofembryonicstem-cellresearchliesin.greatexpectationsplantingintoanytissueororganthetreatmentforalotofhumandiseasesD.curingdiabetesandParkinson'sdiseaseThephrase〃intatters”(Line1,Para.5)maybereplacedby.indangerindespairinaraggedstateD.totallyruinedThebesttitleforthepassagemaybe.HwangisFoundGuiltyofFabricatingHisResultsHowaStem-cellResearcherFabricatesHisResultsC.TheConsequenceofaMade-upExperimentD.HwangWoo-suk'sResignation16、AccordingtostudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociation,42percentofgirlsinfirstthroughthirdgradewanttobethinner,81percentof10-year-oldsareafraidofbeingfat,and51percentof9-and10-year-oldgirlsfeelbetteraboutthemselvesiftheyareonadiet.Inmanyways,thisfixationonweightateverearlieragescomesataninopportunetimephysiologically.AtarecentHadassahmeetingattheWoodlandsCommunityTempleinWhitePlains,Dr.MaxcieSchneider,thedirectorofadolescentmedicineatGreenwichHospital,andEricaLeon,aregistereddietitian,spokeaboutearlyadolescenceasatimewhenalittlebitofpudginessisnecessaryforpropergrowth,andyoungsterswrestleconstantlywiththeirbodyimage.〃IcanttellyouhowmanykidsI'veseenwho'vebeenontheAtkinsdiet,orontheSouthBeachdiet,〃Ms.Leonsaid,addingthatoverweightchildrenwhotrydietscanbeatriskofdevelopingeatingdisorders.Afterthepresentation,threemothersfromHartsdalewhowantedtohelptheirchildrenavoidsuchissuesspokeabouthowtheiryoungdaughtersarealreadybeginningtobecomeweight-conscious.Anorexiaisamentalillnessinwhichthevictimeatsbarelyenoughtosurvive,becauseherdistortedthinkingmakesherthinksheisfat.Bulimia,amentalillnessinwhichsomeonebingesonlargeamountsoffood,thenpurgesitthroughvomitingortheabuseoflaxatives,isontherise,andissurfacinginyoungerandyoungerpatients,mostlygirls,saidJudyScheel,0°18thedirectoroftheCenterforEatingDisorderRecoveryinMountKisco.About90percentofvictimsofeatingdisordersarefemale,andoftenthemalevictimsareonteamslikewrestlingandcrew,wheretheymustkeeptheirweightlowforcompetitivereasons.Dr.Scheelbelievesthatwheregirlsclaimtheeatingdisorderenablesthemtobethin,boystypicallystatetheirgoalistoachieveormaintainamuscularbutthinphysique.Theaverageonsetforbulimiausedtobe17,buttoseeteenagersage14and15withbulimiaiscommonthesedays,Dr.Scheelsaid.Otherpeoplebelievethedisordershavegeneticorchemicalcomponents,andmanypeoplewitheatingdisordersrespondwelltoanti-depressants,forexample.〃Acertainamountofeducationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoidbecomingobsessedwiththeirbodyimage.Teachersneedtostayoutsideoftalkingaboutdiets,〃Dr.Scheelsaid.〃It'slikeaparent,alwaystalkingabouttheirnextdiet.Youhavetohelpachildunderstandthatifyoucathealthilyandexercise,yourbodyisgoingtotakecareofitself.〃Andinrelativelyhomogenouspopulations,likeinsomeWestchesterschools,competitionrunshigh.〃Sotheyoungpeopledon'treallyseehowbeautifuldiversityis,〃shesaid,unreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass(12)indefinitely,weshrinktowardzerothickness(13)thedirectionofmotion,andtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissilly,andeveryweek(14)Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.ButitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoofAlbertEinstein's(15)analysisofspaceandtimecalledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot(16)thehabitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson(17)humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn，twebeabletohaveintermediaterotationalpositions?Whycan'twe(18)fasterthanthespeedoflight?But(19)wecantell,thisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly(20)ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmoreknowable.justveryjustnot“andtheytendtoallbecompetingforkindofthesamegoals.〃ThestudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociationisbasedon.A.primaryschoolgirlsB.secondaryschoolgirlsC.girlsincollegeanduniversitiesAmericanfemalesingeneralAccordingtoDr.MarcieSchneiderandEricaLeonitistoobadforyoungsterstobeabitfat.itisnecessaryforthechildrentobeabitfat.C.youngstersshouldstrugglewiththeirbodyimage.overweightchildrenshouldnotdiet.FromtheParagraph5wemayinferthatAnorexiaandBulimiaare.twosimilarmentalillnessestwodifferentcommonmentalillnessesC.bothbadeatinghabitsD.bothillnessesofeatingdisorderlyWhichofthefollowingmayNOTbethereasonofeatingdisorders?Tryingtokeeptheweightlow.Thefiercesocialcompetition.Maintainingamuscularbutthinphysique.D.Geneticorchemicalcomponents.TheauthorcitessomeWestchesterschoolstoindicatethat.A.educationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoiddietingteachersneedtostayoutsideclassroomtotalkaboutdietsC.eatinghealthilyandexercisehelpbuildingupthebodyD.itisnotgoodforthestudentstofollowthesamegoal21、PartB(10points)Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B>C>D>E>F、G)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)Internet,computer-basedglobalinformationsystem.TheInternetiscomposedofmanyinterconnectedcomputernetworks.Eachnetworkmaylinktens,hundreds,oreventhousandsofcomputers,enablingthemtoshareinformationwithoneanotherandtosharecomputationalresourcessuchaspowerfulsupercomputersanddatabasesofinformation.TheInternethasmadeitpossibleforpeopleallovertheworldtocommunicatewithoneanothereffectivelyandinexpensively..TheInternethasbroughtnewopportunitiestogovernment,business,andeducation.GovernmentsusetheInternetforinternalcommunication,distributionofinformation,andautomatedtaxprocessing.Inadditiontoofferinggoodsandservicesonlinetocustomers,businessesusetheInternettointeractwithotherbusinesses..UseoftheInternethasgrowntremendouslysinceitsinception.TheInternet'ssuccessarisesfromitsflexibility.Insteadofrestrictingcomponentnetworkstoaparticularmanufacturerorparticulartype,Internettechnologyallowsinterconnectionofanykindofcomputernetwork..Internetserviceproviders(ISPs)provideInternetaccesstocustomers,usuallyforamonthlyfee.AcustomerwhosubscribestoanISP'sserviceusestheISP'snetworktoaccesstheInternet.BecauseISPsoffertheirservicestothegeneralpublic,thenetworkstheyoperateareknownaspublicaccessnetworks..Anorganizationthathasmanycomputersusuallyownsandoperatesaprivatenetwork,calledanintranet,whichconnectsallthecomputerswithintheorganization:ToprovideInternetservice,theorganizationconnectsitsintranettotheInternet.Unlikepublicaccessnetworks,intranetsarerestrictedtoprovidesecurity..ThecurrentnumberofpeoplewhousetheInternetcanonlybeestimated.Onesurveyfoundthattherewere61millionInternetusersworldwideattheendof1996,148millionattheendof1998,and407millionbytheendof2000.Someanalystssaidthatthenumberofuserswasexpectedtodoubleagainbytheendof2022.Onlyauthorizedcomputersattheorganizationcanconnecttotheintranet,andtheorganizationrestrictscommunicationbetweentheintranetandtheglobalInternet.Therestrictionsallowcomputersinsidetheorganizationtoexchangeinformationbutkeeptheinformationconfidentialandprotectedfromoutsiders.Unliketraditionalbroadcastingmedia,suchasradioandtelevision,theInternetdoesnothaveacentralizeddistributionsystem.Instead,anindividualwhohasInternetaccesscancommunicatedirectlywithanyoneelseontheInternet,makeinformationavailabletoothers,findinformationprovidedbyothers,orsellproductswithaminimumoverheadcost.Nonetworkistoolargeortoosmall,toofastortooslowtobeinterconnected.Thus,theInternetincludesinexpensivenetworksthatcanonlyconnectafewcomputerswithinasingleroomaswellasexpensivenetworksthatcanspanacontinentandconnectthousandsofcomputers.ManyindividualsusetheInternetforcommunicatingthroughelectronicmail(e-mail),fornewsandresearchinformation,shopping,payingbills,andonlinebanking.EducationalinstitutionsusetheInternetforresearchandtodelivercoursesandcoursematerialtostudents.IntheUnitedStates,asinmanycountries,ISPsareprivatecompanies;incountrieswheretelephoneserviceisagovernment-regulatedmonopoly,thegovernmentoftencontrolsISPs.<BR22、(42)23、(43)(44)(45)26>PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)ImmediatelyaftertheCivilWar,however,thedietbegantochange.(46)Railtransportationincreasedthesupplyandimprovedthequalityofthemilkthatreachedurbancenters;coldstorageandrefrigeratorcarsmadepossiblethegreaterconsumptionoffreshvegetables,freshfruits,andfreshfish;andcommercialcanningextendedtherangeofappetizingandhealthfulfoods.Subsequentlyfoodstatisticsindicatedanincreasedconsumptionofdairyproducts,freshfruit,freshvegetables,sugarandsyrups,coffee,tea,cocoa,andspices.Decreasedconsumptionwasshownformeats,potatoes,andgrainproducts.(47)Byandlarge,theAmericandietcontinuedtoreflectaconsiderablerelianceuponanimalproducts:ratherthanongrains,whichmeantthatarelativelylargeacreagewasrequiredtofeedtheAmericanpublic.Whereasagrainandfishdiet,suchasinJapan,requiresonlyaquarterofanacrehighyieldcroplandandnopasturepercapita,theAmericandietrequiresabouttwoandahalfacresofcroplandandtenacresofpasturepercapita-Alsoitindicatedashifttowardtheso-calledprotectivefoods,towardthosehighinvitaminsandproteins.(48)Thischangewasgreatlyfurtheredbygovernmentalfoodinspection(thePureFoodandDrugActwaspassedin1906),bytheincreasing,useofmechanicalrefrigeratorsinthe1920'sand1910'sandoffreezersforfrozenfoodduringrecentdecades.IntheyearsafterWorldWarIafoodrevolutiontookplacethatwasreminiscentoftheonethatoccurredaftertheCivilWar.Theoutputofthefoodmanufacturingindustryquadrupledfrom1900to1920.(49)Inthatinterval,aswehavementionedearlier,homecanninggavewaytocommercialcanningandthelaborofhousekeepingwaslightened.Fortunatelymostofthemajordietarychangesthathavetakenplacesincethemiddleofthenineteenthcenturyhaveresultedinbetternutritionforthepopulation.Inport,theseshiftshavetakenplacebecauseofapreferencefornewfoodsratherthanold,butinpart,theyhavebeenmadebecausethenewfoodswereadvocatedbynutritionists.ApparentlyAmericandietarycustomswerenotsodeeplyingrainedastopreventchangeintheinterestsofbetterhealth.(50)PossiblyonefactorthathascontributedtothereadinessofAmericanstoacceptnewfoodsorfoodpreparationsasthegeneralfamiliaritymosthavewithavarietyofregionaldishescomingfrommanydifferentlands.WithinasmallareainNewYorkCityorSanFrancisco,onecanfindrestaurantsspecializinginFrench,Italian,German,Turkish,Arabian,orChinesecuisine.AndataChineserestaurantintheUnitedStatesthechefandwaiterareaslikelyasnottoheOriental.(47)(48)(49)(50)參考答案：[~■、UseofEnglish]1?5DCCAB6~10CDDAB11?20點擊下載查看答案【二、ReadingComprehension]l~5DCACB6~10CCDCD11?30點擊下載查看答案D.notjust2、⑵seethinkimaginebelieve3、⑶makemakeofmakeupmakefrom4、⑷A.atleastatmostatlastD.atthecost5、(5)A.likelyunlikelyreallyunreal6、(6)wantneedrequireacquire7、⑺unlessuntilifevenif8、(8)morelargerC.biggerD.greater9、(9)A.FortunatelyB.UnfortunatelyC.HappilyD.Unhappily(10)providedpreparedC.armedD.gotreadyIK(11)A.turntoB.turnonC.turnouttobeD.turnawayfrom(12)decreaseincreasesreduceadd(13)inatwithfrom(14)ortwoandtwoeventwooftwo(15)cleverwiseC.brilliantD.intelligent(16)ofinwithat(17)thatwhichmatterwhat(18)gowalkC.travelrun(19)ifunlessC?sofarsofaras(20)presshavemakeentail二、ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew,ofcourse.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play“Rossum'sUniversalRobots”.(Theword〃robot"comesfromtheCzechwordfordrudgery,robota.)Sincethen,Hollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultryFalseMariainFritzLang'ssilentmasterpiece〃Metropolis〃tothewitteringC-3Poin"StarWars〃andtheruthlessassassinof"Terminator”.Humanoidrobotshavewa