中考英語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)專題輔導(dǎo)

直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)：一字不改的引用或復(fù)述別人的話，被引用或復(fù)述的部分即為直接引語(yǔ)。一般前后用引號(hào)，首字母大寫。間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分即為間接引語(yǔ)。通常以賓語(yǔ)從句的形式出現(xiàn)，不用引號(hào)。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、連接詞、語(yǔ)序以及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、指示代詞及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化。人稱變化直接引語(yǔ)是第一人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要變?yōu)榕c主句主語(yǔ)相一致的人稱；第二人稱變?yōu)榕c主句的間接賓語(yǔ)相一致的人稱（如果沒有間接賓語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)上下文的體會(huì)確定一個(gè)人稱）；第三人稱一般不改變。例如Hetoldme，＂I’llgiveyouabookwhenImeetyouagain.＂—Hetoldmehewouldgivemeabookwhenhemetmeagain.時(shí)態(tài)的變化如果主句是過去式態(tài)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)---一般過去式，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)---過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)---過去完成時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)---過去完成時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)---過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)---過去將來(lái)時(shí)等。例如Shewondered:＂Whenwillthemeetingbegin.＂—Shewonderedwhenthemeetingwouldbegin.但在以下幾種情況下，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不用變化。1、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)表示的是客觀真理或經(jīng)常性的特點(diǎn)時(shí)。例如Shesaid,＂Theearthgoesaroundthesun＂.--Shesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有絕對(duì)具體的過去時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，保持原來(lái)的一般過去時(shí)。例如Hesaid,＂Ilefthomein1942.—Hesaidhelefthomein1942.注：間接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)需要適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整。Say后的直接引語(yǔ)表示陳述或命令時(shí)可變?yōu)閍sk;say后的直接引語(yǔ)表示請(qǐng)求或詢問時(shí)可變?yōu)閍sk.例如Theteachersaidtome,＂Ihaveseenyourbook..＂—Theteachertoldmethatshehadseenmybook.三、連接詞的選擇1、陳述句陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)，也可省略that。主句動(dòng)詞主要為say,tell,reply,explain,think,repeat等。例如Dannysaid，＂IcomefromCanada.＂—DannysaidthathecamefromCanada疑問句直接引語(yǔ)是疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用陳述語(yǔ)序。主句的動(dòng)詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等。1)、一般疑問句直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問句時(shí)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)須用if或whether引導(dǎo)。例如Sheaskedme,＂Isheateacher?＂—Sheaskedmeif/whetherhewasateacher.2}、選擇疑問句或反意疑問直接引語(yǔ)是選擇疑問句需用or;反意疑問句需用ornot變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用whether而不用if.例如Mybrotheraskedme,＂IsTomtallorshort?＂—MybrotheraskedmewhetherTomwastallorshort.＂Youarereading,aren’tyou＂hesaidtome.—HeaskedmewhetherIwasreadingornot.3)、特殊疑問句當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，常變成與疑問句同形的連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，用陳述語(yǔ)序，問號(hào)變句號(hào)。例如＂Whatdoyouwanttoeat?＂heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhatIwantedtoeat.3、祈使句直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用不定式表示，使其成為ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth句型。例如＂Don’topenthedoor.＂hesaidtoher.—Heaskedhernottoopenthedoor.4、感嘆句感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)。例如Hesaid，＂Whatalovelydayitis!＂—Hesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.—Hesaidhowlovelythatdayitwas.—Hesaidthatitwasalovelyday.四、語(yǔ)序的變化當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用陳述語(yǔ)序，即連接詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的形式。例如＂Whereareyougoing?＂heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhereIwasgoing.但當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中特殊疑問詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變。例如Heasked,“Whoisyourbrother.”－Heaskedwhowasmybrother.五、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、指示代詞及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化。now—thentoday—thatdayyesterday—thedaybeforelastmight—thenightbeforetwodaysago—twodaysbeforenextweek—thenextweektomorrow—thenextdaythedayaftertomorrow—intwodayshere—therethis—thatthese—thosecome—gobring—take例如Hesaid,＂Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.＂—Hesaidhehaddonehishomeworkthedaybefore.鞏固練習(xí)：1、Heasked，＂Isthedooropenorclosed.＂Heasked___________________________________.2、Shesaid,＂Ihaveleftmycoatinyourroom.＂Shesaid___________________________________________.3、Shesaid,＂Iwrotetomyfriendsyesrerday.＂Shesaid_______________________________________________________..4、Motheraskedme,＂Whenwillyoubebacknexttime.＂Motheraskedme________________________________________.5、Theteachertoldthestudents,＂Theearthisround.＂Theteachertoldthestudents_________________________.6、TheguardsaidtoLenin,＂Pleaseshowmeyourpass.＂TheguardaskedLenin_________________________.7、Dannysaid,＂Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow,LingMing?＂DannyaskedLiMing_____________________________________________________.8、Hesaid,＂Mysisterwasheretwodaysago,butsheisnotherenow＂Hesaid________________________________________,but_____wasnottherethen.答案：1.ifthedoorwasopenorclosed2.shehadlefthercoatinmyroom3.thatshehadwrittentoherfriendsthedaybef