2013年考研英語真題完整版(含答案)

2013年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語一試題詳解SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedaily4,hecrime4,hecrimehehadonlytoalreadysentencedprobationonthatTo8thisidea,process.Intheory,fiveorsixotherdefendantsday。alreadysentencedprobationonthatTo8thisidea,process.Intheory,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsthe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11。Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323interviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orastandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher。DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[DAboveall.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success _1_ .[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[Dotherwise.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate—_Q _L__ __ _L_一19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard20.[A]promisingpossible[C]necessary[D]helpful20.[A]promising答案:1-5:ADCAB6-10:BADDA11-15:DCBDB16-20:CACBC答案詳解：2013年的完型填空是一篇選自《經濟學人》名為AQuestionofJudgment的文章。講述的是有關判斷的問題。這類文章出現(xiàn)在今年的考研真題中，符合考研英語歷年的出題形式。但是考生在沒有掌握單詞基本知識和解題技巧的情況下也會感到很困難。相較于2012年的完型來說，今年的考題適中?？疾榈脑~匯部分涉及到名詞、動詞、形容詞和介詞。其中，動詞考查的頻率最高，占完型部分考題的35%。第4、7、15和17題考察了邏輯連接題，占完型題目的20%。考生要在掌握上下文結構的基礎上準確完成這類考題。其次，在文章考查點里有兩處涉及到了后置定語的語法知識，即第5和第10題。一處是形容詞加介詞構成后置定語，一處是過去分詞作后置定語，而這兩點在跨考一階的講義中，各位語法老師已經跟考生們專門講解過。后期陸陸續(xù)續(xù)的閱讀和寫作課里，也是反復提到的語法點。遵循以往完型填空的結構形式，今年的考題仍然秉承了總分的結構。第一段引出話題并介紹Dr.Simonsohn的觀點。第二、三、四段具體介紹了Dr.Simonsohn為證明理論采取的實驗以及最后的發(fā)現(xiàn)。而且在文章第一句話就給出了整篇文章的中心主線一Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions?？傊?013年的考題在日常強調的“單詞加技巧等于高分”的解題方式下，定會被迎刃而解。.［標準答案］［A］［考點分析］上下文語義和詞匯辨析［選項分析］本題考查動詞。根據上下文意思，首先可以排除［B］和［D］。這句話中that引導一個定語從句，主要是說這一優(yōu)勢賦予了一種特定的能力。［C］中transmit為傳播，不符合上下文意思。.［標準答案］［D］［考點分析］上下文語義［選項分析］whichareunbiased這個定語從句做插入語修飾judgment。這句話的意思是“通過XXX因素作出公正判決的能力”，由此可以排除［A］和［B］。做這一題時，我們需要理解第一句話，給我們提供了一個大的背景和條件。第一句話說“人們不擅長利用背景信息作決定”，所以可以推出這兒并不是“通過關鍵信息”來做出公正的判決，而是通過其它一些信息，如外部的信息，作出判決。根據上下文意思，可以推出［D］為正確答案。.［標準答案］［C］［考點分析］上下文語義和固定搭配［選項分析］bigpicture是一個固定搭配，指（事情的）主要部分；重點，故選［A］。其它詞語與big搭配，均沒有這層意思。.［標準答案］［A］［考點分析］邏輯銜接題［選項分析］根據上下文的邏輯關系判斷，在提出一個觀點之后，接下來就是進行例證。選項中只有［A］表示“例如”，符合這一邏輯關系，故選［A］。［B］表示“平均”的意思；［C］為“大體上，原則上"；［D］為“首先”，均不符合。.［標準答案］［B］［考點分析］上下文語義和詞匯辨析［選項分析］這四個選項均可以與介詞of搭配，［A］表示“喜歡”，［B］表示“害怕，恐怕”，［C］表示“能夠，具有…能力”，［D］表示“輕率的，考慮不周的”。of后面的短語作judge的定語，這句話意思是“XXX地顯得對犯罪太過軟弱的法官可能更傾向于給被告作出判刑的判決”。根據上下文的意思，可以排除［A］和［D］。而“顯得對犯罪太過軟弱”顯然不是某種能力，故可以排除［C］選項。根據上下文意思，害怕顯得過于軟弱的法官，才會更傾向于作出較嚴厲的判決。故選［B］。.［標準答案］［B］［考點分析］介詞搭配［選項分析］softonsb/sth是一個固定搭配詞組，表示“對某人/某事態(tài)度偏軟，不夠嚴厲”的意思，故選［B］。.標準答案A考點分析邏輯銜接題選項分析前半句含義是“一個擔心自己會犯罪行為上表現(xiàn)的過分軟弱的法官可能會判人入獄”，后半句含義是“當天他已經判五到六個人緩刑”兩句間的邏輯關系明顯為假設。Aif表示假設“如果”。Buntil“直到。。。才。。?！?。Cthough“然而”，表轉折。Dunless“除非”，表讓步。前半句是結果主句，后半句是一個假設條件，所以選C.標準答案D?？键c分析上下文語義及動詞辨析選項分析本句話是說要進行試驗來驗證觀點。空格后的名詞idea作賓語，對決定動詞十分關鍵。動詞意思應為“測試”。Apromote“促進”。Bemphasize“強調”。Cshare“分享”。Dtest“測試”。只有D選項和“觀點”搭配，符合語境。.標準答案D?？键c分析上下文語義及名詞辨析選項分析本句話含義是講其中一個申請者與其他申請在面試中的關系。申請者希望成功。Adecisioin“選擇”。Bquality“質量”。Cstatus“身份”。Dsuccess“成功”。只有D項搭配，符合語境。.標準答案A?？键c分析后置定語選項分析本句意為測試中隨機選出的其他申請者。Achosen“選出”。Bstupid“笨的”。Cfound“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。Didentified“識別”。只有A選項和申請者搭配意為選出來的申請者，符合語境。.標準答案D?？键c分析邏輯銜接題選項分析后半句開頭的but已經暗示了下文的連接詞。內容上前半句意為一個申請者的面試成功和其他申請者沒有關系，后半句意為西蒙森懷疑事實。明顯是轉折關系。Aexceptional“例外的”。Bdefensible“可防御的”。Creplaceable“可替換的”。Dotherwise“相反的”。只有D項可以表轉折關系，所以選Do.標準答案Co考點分析后置定語選項分析本句前半句是說西蒙森研究了面試者的結果，后半句含義是招生辦官員。所以這里應該是招生辦官員舉行面試，后半句做后置定語。Ainspire“鼓舞”。Bexpressed“表達”。Cconducted“舉行”。Dsecured“保護”。所以結合上下文可以得出只有C項符合語境。.標準答案B考點分析上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析選項分析文中句子含義為，“面試官有13個申請者一到五級打分”A.assign分配；指派；將財產過戶（尤指過戶給債權人）B.rate認為；估價，C.match使比賽D.arrange安排，根據上下文含義，應選B。.［標準答案］［D］［考點分析］固定搭配。題干Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.空格處需要動詞一個。因為后面有intoconsideration.所以選took.Takeintoconsideration是把什么考慮在內的意思。本題考查邏輯關系，通過上下文應該選擇一個表順承先后順序的詞，只有B項then合適。.［標準答案］［C］［考點分析］上下文語義和邏輯關系［選項分析］這句話which引導一個定語從句，修飾exam,考試都有一個總分，這句話的意思是說“以800分計算的標準測試”，可以排除［A］、［8］和［D］選項。mark表示“得分”，符合原文意思，故選［C］。.［標準答案］［A］［考點分析］上下文語義和邏輯關系［選項分析］根據詞語的意思和搭配，可以排除［C］和［D］選項。這題的選擇必須與后面一題聯(lián)系起來進行選擇，這句話說“前面候選者的分數(shù)比XXX的候選者高0.75分”，則“下一個候選者則XXX”，由此可知，“前面的候選者”肯定不能是比他后面的人分數(shù)高，排除［B］。［A］選項符合上下文邏輯關系，故選［A］。18.B.根據上下文意思，是一種up和down的趨勢，17空前面是up趨勢，所以18謂語動詞應該選“下降”的趨勢的動詞，A,B,C,D之中明顯的表下降的是B項，drop相對于前面的high。19.B。根據上下文應該選一個“消除”影響的含義的動詞，答案當中B項和A,C相反，B是“消除”即“不會產生”，符合上下文。20.C。本題需要找個形容詞修飾points,A項promising“有前途的，有希望的”；意思不合適，很明顯BCD當中C項necessary符合上下文。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant'ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment。Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline'sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckierturnroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposal meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethat andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakingallindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace。Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountofharmfulchemicals。Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan'sTheOmnivore'sDilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,”Clineargues,Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear about64itemsperperson andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste。TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSKB,who,since2008hasmakeallofherownclothes andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexample,can'tbeknockedoff。Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLine Clinebelieveslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan'taffordtoit。Priestlycriticizesherassistantforherpoorbargainingskill。insensitivitytofashion。obsessionwithhighfashion。D]lackofimagination。AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumerstocombatunnecessarywaste。shutoutthefeverishfashionworld。resisttheinfluenceofadvertisementsshopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequentlyTheword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningtoA]accusation。enthusiasm。indifference。tolerance。Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists。industryignoressustainability。industryignoressustainability。Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments。Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing。Whatisthesubjectofthetext?Satireonanextravagantlifestyle。Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth。Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry。D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret。答案：BDCCDText2Anoldsawhasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted—thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy。Inthepastcoupleofweeksthreedealsandaquarrelhaveillustratedthevaluetoadvertisers(andtheirsuppliersofsoftware)ofsuchfine-grainedinformation.Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCommissionproposedaddinga“donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandtheDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests。OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow.ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwithWindows8,anewincarnationofthesoftwarefirm'soperatingsystem,wouldhaveDNTasadefault。Advertisersarehorrified.Humannaturebeingwhatitis,mostpeoplestickwithdefaultsettings.FewswitchDNTonnow,butiftrackingisoffitwillstayoff.BobLiodice,thechiefexecutiveoftheAssociationofNationalAdvertisers,oneofthegroupsintheDAA,saysconsumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences.Peoplewillnotgetfewerads,hesays.“They'llgetlessmeaningful,lesstargetedads?！盜tisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanies(includingTwitter)havepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft'sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway。AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtorileGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyonadvertising,ithaschosenanindirectmethod:thereisnoguaranteethatDNTbydefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforWindows8—thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged: “Webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol?！盋oulditreallybethatsimple?Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:easecompetitionamongthemselveslowertheiroperationalcostsC]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumersD]providebetteronlineservices“Theindustry”(Line6,Para.3)refersto:A]onlineadvertisersBe-commerceconductorsdigitalinformationanalysisdigitalinformationanalysisD]internetbrowserdevelopersBobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefaultmanycutthenumberofjunkadsfailstoaffecttheadindustrywillnotbenefitconsumersD]goesagainsthumannaturewhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurposeAdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNTDNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumersD]AdvertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouraladsTheauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:indulgenceunderstandingappreciationskepticism答案：BDCAD詳解：.標準答案：B考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力。此類題目的解題關鍵在于根據題干信息定位，本題的“Paragraph1”，“behavioural”即為定位信息。選項分析：根據文章第一段第二句“thisfractioncanbemuchreduced”在互聯(lián)網時代，至少在理論上，被浪費的那一部分資金中，有很多都可以節(jié)省下來。對應文章“halfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted”。故B項“降低運營成本”是文章的同義改寫。ABD項文章均為提到。.標準答案：D考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力。根據題干中已經給出了具體信息點"Theindustry”應回第三段定位。選項分析：根據題干信息“theindustry”可推測the為前文指代，所以應當定位到該句之前，文章內容為：“摩斯拉(Mozilla)的火狐(Firefox)、微軟(Microsoft)的IE(InternetExplorer)及蘋果的瀏覽器Safari都有“不允許跟蹤”選項；今年，谷歌也將在Chrome中加入這一功能”，由此可推斷出選項D“網絡瀏覽器開發(fā)商”為正確選項。.標準答案：C考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力。結合題干中所給出的人名“BobLiodice”以及專有名詞DNT和“default”可回文章定位到第五段。選項分析：文章中BobLiodice稱，“如果廣告商不能收集有關用戶偏好的信息，那么這對于消費者來說將更為不利?！痹闹小癱onsumerswillbeworseoff”對應C選項“willnotbenefitconsumers”，“將對消費者不利”，因此C應為正確答案。A項與原文相反，“垃圾廣告”不是減少而是增加。B項“對廣告業(yè)沒有影響”以及D項“違背人性”均與文章不符。.標準答案：A考點分析：此題考查考生對文章的細節(jié)信息的把握能力，關鍵在于定位和辨別細節(jié)信息。選項分析：根據題干信息提示，我們不難定位到文章第六段最后一句的后半部分“…somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway。”一些公司可能忽略“不允許跟蹤”信號，繼續(xù)記錄用戶的在線行為。所以推知”不允許跟蹤”可能不會起到預期的作用。選項B廣告商很樂意實行“不允許跟蹤”與本段第一句話“Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.廣告商們會對此作何反應仍不清楚”不符。選項C”不允許跟蹤”已經不再收到消費者的歡迎與本段第一句和最后一句內容“一?somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway。”不符;選項C廣告商被迫提供"行為”廣告與文中“GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking…”不相符。.標準答案：D考點分析：此題考查考生對作者觀點態(tài)度的把握。根據自然段定位法可定位到文章的最后一段。選項分析：根據關鍵信息BrendonLynch我們主要定位到文章最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句以及最后一句。BrendonLynch"在博客中寫道：’我們認為用戶應該有更大的話語權?！本o接著最后一句"Coulditreallybethatsimple?真的是這么簡單嗎？”體現(xiàn)了作者的態(tài)度。A項意為“縱容”；B項為““理解”之義；選項C為“感激”之義；D項為“懷疑”。因此只有D項符合作者本意，故為正確答案。Text3Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall。Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto。Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence。Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture。Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselvesoThislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome。OurvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredbyourdesireforlivesoffulfillmentourfaithinscienceandtechnologyourourawarenessofpotentialrisksourbeliefinequalopportunityTheIUCN’s“RedList”suggestthathumanbeingareasustainedspeciesathreatentotheenvironmenttheworld'sdominantpoweramisplacedraceWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies。Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem。Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise。OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive。Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialtoexploreourplanet'sabundantresourcesadoptanoptimisticviewoftheworlddrawonourexperiencefromthepastcurbourambitiontoreshapehistoryWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?UncertaintyaboutOurFutureEvolutionoftheHumanSpeciesTheEver-brightProspectsofMankindScience,TechnologyandHumanity答案：31-35:BBDCA答案詳解:B【解析】細節(jié)題。根據題干信息，ourvisionofthefutureusedto定位為文章第一段。B選項為答案，我們的對未來的想象曾經被我們對于科技的信心所鼓舞。A選項錯誤原因為因果倒置，livesoffulfillment是由scienceandtechnololgy導致，與文章題干要求ourvisionoffuture無關。C選項為無中生有，也未提到awarenessofpotentialrisks的概念。D選項equalopportunity為opportunityforall所有人都有相等的機會的曲解。B【解析】推理題。文章問題是“RedList”表明人類怎么是什么。根據關鍵詞定位到文章的第三段。LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread…。根據threatenedspecies知道是被威脅的物種，同時后面的theConversationofNature知道是對自然的。那這個“threatened”被人類威脅就很明顯。D【解析】判斷題。A選項定位在it'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture。這里根本就沒有講限制。這2句話是說要讓科幻小說的作者和未來學家去探索我們能現(xiàn)象的可能性。。這里發(fā)表的Arc根本就沒有講限制。A排除B講科技，但是文章說完Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,講科技和它的社會意義。后面一句andit'sperhapsbest…能看得到轉折。文章也沒有提到solution，也沒有提到社會問題(socialproblem)oC選項是說對科幻小說的興趣在上升(。口therise)但是整段都沒有說到這個趨勢。D選項定位文章第一句話Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture。從這句話能推測出immediatefuture是比漫長的時標更難的事情，也是更不易察覺的。C【解析】細節(jié)題。定位的是futureofthemankind，文章第6段，同時有個很重要的標點符號冒號，說明thepastholdsthekeytothefuture：一直在點號之前都是這句話的具體解釋。也就是說這句強調thepast的關鍵性，所以選擇C。A項B項和D項都跟內容無關。A【解析】主旨題文章最好的題目是A選項，對未來的不確定性。文章第一段講過去人們對于未來的想象，第二，三段為對現(xiàn)在的看法。第四段至最后一段為對未來的不確定性。B選項為人類的演化，C選項為人類美好的前景，D選項科學，技術與人類不是文章的主旨。顧答案為A。Text4Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona'simmigrationlawMonday-amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration'sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestates。InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona'scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationlaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto"establishauniformRuleofNaturalization"andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones。JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt'sliberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.Ontheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthecongresshaddeliberately“occupiedthefieldnandArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers。

However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbepeoplewhocomeinbecauseCongresshasimmigrationstateofficerstoshareallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofcontactwithlawenforcement.That'salwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleaguespeoplewhocomeinbecauseCongresshasimmigrationstateofficerstoshareTwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktothealienandSeditionActs。The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas"ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower".TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona'slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldlawthatitdisagreesinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatewithousingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.Theadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn'twanttocarryoutCongress'simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim。lawthatitdisagreesSomepowersgovernment,andamongthem.ButdobelongexclusivelycontrolofcitizenshipifCongresswantedtotothefederalSomepowersgovernment,andamongthem.ButdobelongexclusivelycontrolofcitizenshipifCongresswantedtotothefederalandthebordersispreventstatesfromThreeprovisionsofArizona'splanwereoverturnedbecausetheydeprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers。disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates。oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw。D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies。OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?dutytowithholdimmigrantsA]Federalofficersinformation。dutytowithholdimmigrantsStates'independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw。States'legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement。Congress'sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement。ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActsviolatedtheConstitution。underminedthestates'interests。supportedthefederalstatute。stoodinfavorofthestates。TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcementoutweighsthatheldbythestates。isdependentonthestates'support。isestablishedbyfederalstatutes。rarelygoesagainststatelaws。Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress。JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministration。JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress。TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues。答案：36-CCDAD答案詳解：標準答案：C考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力選項分析：根據題干中的關鍵詞threeprovisionsofArizona定位到文中第二段。第一句提到Arizona計劃的三個部分被推翻是讓州和地方警察實施聯(lián)邦移民法律。這句話沒有相對應選項，所以看到后面一句，意思是憲法的規(guī)則是毋庸置疑的，它認為華盛頓本身就有建立一個統(tǒng)一的自然化的規(guī)則的權力，而且認為聯(lián)邦法律優(yōu)先于州法律。所以被推翻就是因為它超越了聯(lián)邦移民法的權威。此題也可在第三段第二句話，因為它提到ontheoverturnedprovision,意思是大部分人認為議會故意占據了領地，Arizona因此侵犯了聯(lián)邦的享有特權的權力。所以，答案是B標準答案：C考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力選項分析：根據題干的關鍵詞theJustice和Paragraph4,就可以準確定位在第四段。因為是判斷正誤題，我們就可以采用排除的方法。通過觀察選項，發(fā)現(xiàn)B.C都是圍繞State,我們就可以先找關于它的內容。第四段第二句話提到，議會通常想象聯(lián)邦和州一起實施移民法律，而且明確鼓勵州和聯(lián)邦的官員共享信息以及合作。所以C選項，即州在移民實施方面的合法的作用，是正確答案。標準答案：D考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的推理引申能力選項分析：根據題干中的關鍵詞Paragraph5和theAlienandSedition,就可以精確定位在第五段第二句話的最后，也就是回歸到theAlienandSedition法案的州特權，所以和法案有關聯(lián)的就是選項D,而且我們也不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，B和D是一對矛盾選項，通過閱讀文章，排除Do標準答案：A考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力選項分析：根據題干中的關鍵詞theWhiteHouse,定位在第六段。最后一句提到白宮聲稱它能夠使任何它不同意的州法律不合法，也就是選項Ao標準答案：D考點分析：此題考查考生對文章主旨的把握能力選項分析：根據前三段得出文章的主旨和移民法律有關，只有A和D提到，答案在其中之一。而A是說通常被議會決定，和本段第三段句話內容沖突。所以答案是DoPartB:(10points)Directions:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallcontributingenoughclimatechange,health。fieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%contributingenoughclimatechange,health。Yetthisenormousresourceinnottotoday'sglobalchallengesincludingsecurity,sustainabledevelopmentand(41)Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technological(41)toolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstheproblemsaresocial:offood,wealthandtoarificialfertilizers.Here,too,theorganizationanddistributionprosperity。theproblemsaresocial:offood,wealthand(42)Thisisashame—the(42)Thisisashame—thegraspingtheopportunitytoraisecommunityshouldbeitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphraseSchumpeter:thereisdestruction。Today,thesocialdisciplinaryproblemsworld.ToparaphraseSchumpeter:thereisdestruction。Today,thesocialdisciplinaryproblemsnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativesciencesarelargelyfocusedonandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact。Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords“environmentalchanged”or“climatechange”haveincreasedrapidlysince2004,(43) Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumforexample.Andwhetherthecommunity'sworkc