2021-2022學(xué)年高中英語Unit4GlobalwarmingUsingLanguage練習(xí)含解析新人教版選修6

Unit4UsingLanguageⅠ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thosewhohavemadegreatcontributions(contribute)tohumanbeingsandsocietywillneverbeforgotten.2.Pollution(pollute)isjustoneofthedisadvantagesoflivinginthetown.3.Asweallknow,thegrowth(grow)ofcropsdependsonsunlight.4.Publicworriesarethethreatsoftheveryexistence(exist)ofthenuclearpowerindustry.5.Ifweuserecycled(recycle)materials,wewillcauselesspollutiontotheearth.6.It’sthebestresultthatcouldbeexpectedunderthecircumstances(circumstance).7.Ourcompanyhasacommitment(commit)toqualityandcustomerservice.8.Whatsheadvocates(advocate)isdiscoveringourstrengthsandusingthemtobecomesuccessful.9.Asaneducator(educate),Iwanttoseemystudentssucceed.10.Breathinginsomefreshairinthemorningcanrefresh(fresh)ourselves.Ⅱ.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~、副詞填空1.MrThompsonspokeonbehalfofhiscountryattheconference.2.UndernocircumstancescanIputupwithpeoplesmoking.3.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversecameintoexistence.4.Nobodycanbecasualabouttheenvironmentalproblemwhichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.5.Thebuildingsaresimilaronthewhole.6.Chinahasmanybigcities,suchasBeijing,Shanghai,Shenzhenandsoon.7.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.8.Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.9.Youcan’tblameothersunlessyoustartwithyourself.10.Ispendonaveragehalfanhourrunningeveryday.Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·濰坊高二檢測)ConnieMonroeclicksabutton,flicksherwristandwatchesasherneighborhoodfloods.Theshorelinesarefirsttogo.Then,thebaseballfieldsatFlemingPark.Bythetimeseawaterreachestheseniorcenter,ithasfloodedstreetsandoveradozenbrickhomes.Monroemovesherheadupanddown,sidetoside,takinginthesimulated(仿真的)view.ThisiswhatcouldhappentoTurnerStation,ahistoricAfricanAmericancommunitysoutheastofBaltimore,assealevelsrise.Climatechangepresentsmanychallengestocoastalcommunitiesandtothosetryingtoprepareforitsimpacts,butoneofthemostbasicisalsooneofthemostvexing:Howdoyoushowpeopleandconvincethemofapossiblefuture?Communicatingtherealnessandimmediacyoftheclimatethreatishugelyimportanttoclimateresearchersandthoseaimingtolessenitscauses.Butit’salsothemostimportanttocommunitiesfacedwithcomingchangesthatarealreadyunavoidable.Theseprojectsneedpublicsupportandinput.That’swhyMonroeandotherresidents(居民)arebeingdirectedtositinmetalchairs,putonvirtualrealityheadsetsandwatchtheirhomesflood.TurnerStation,acommunitywhichgetsfloodedeasily,istryingtoprepare.IthaspartneredwiththePortofBaltimore,afewnonprofitsandalocallandscapearchitecturefirmtoadoptarangeoftoolsandwaystocommunicateclimatechangetothepublic,becauseeverypersonisdifferentandeveryplaceisdifferent.Thevirtualrealityprogramisonlythemostrecent,andperhapsthemosteffectivestep.Virtualrealityisanimmersiveexperiencethatcantrickthehumanbrainintothinkingit’sreal.ButtrickingpeopleisnotthegoalofthesealevelrisesimulationbeingusedatTurnerStation,saysJuianoCalil,oneoftheprogram’sdevelopers.“Thegoal,”hesays,“istostartaconversationandhelpfolksvisualizetheimpactsofclimatechangeandthesolutions,andalsodiscussthetrade-offsbetweenthem.”【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了政府運(yùn)用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)讓海濱小鎮(zhèn)TurnerStation的居民認(rèn)識到氣候變化帶來的嚴(yán)重后果,并希望得到他們的支持。1.WhoisMonroe?A.Acoastalcommunitycitizen.B.Aclimateresearcher.C.Anarchitect.D.AVRprogramdeveloper.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的后兩句可知在模擬的視圖中,夢露的頭上下移動(dòng),從一邊到另一邊。當(dāng)海平面上升時(shí),位于巴爾的摩東南,歷史上最著名的非裔美國人社區(qū)TurnerStation可能會發(fā)生這種狀況。以及第三段的最后一句那就是為什么夢露和其他居民正在被指導(dǎo)坐在金屬椅子上。可推知夢露是一個(gè)海濱社區(qū)的居民。故選A。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vexing”meaninParagraph2?A.Bothersome. B.Dramatic.C.Original. D.Convincing.【解析】選A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段可知,氣候變化對沿海社區(qū)和那些試圖為其影響做準(zhǔn)備的人提出了許多挑戰(zhàn),但是最基本的挑戰(zhàn)之一,也是最vexing的:你如何向人們展示并說服他們這個(gè)可能的未來。根據(jù)句意,推測畫線部分的意思是“麻煩的”。故選A。3.WhyisVRtechnologyemployedhere?A.Itcancutdowntherisksofclimatechange.B.Itcanshowsevereresultsofclimatechange.C.Itcanintroducetechnologytotheresidents.D.Itcanpredicttheclimatechangeaccurately.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段后半段可知,對于那些面臨已經(jīng)不可避免的未來變化的社區(qū)來說,這也是最重要的?？赏浦?虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)被運(yùn)用的目的是展示氣候變化帶來的嚴(yán)重后果。B符合以上說法,故選B項(xiàng)。4.Whatisthepurposeoftheprogram?A.Totrickmorepeopletobelieve.B.Towintheresidents’cooperation.C.ToadvocatetheapplicationofVR.D.Toinformtheresidentsofthesolutions.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的Theseprojectsneedpublicsupportandinput.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要公眾的支持和投入)以及最后一段的最后一句可知,該項(xiàng)目的主要目的是讓人們意識到氣候變化帶來的嚴(yán)重影響,從而贏得他們的合作。B符合以上說法,故選B項(xiàng)。BHowdoesanecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食動(dòng)物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(獵物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(滅絕)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(臨界點(diǎn)),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.【文章大意】本文為說明文。本文介紹了借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,科學(xué)家們建立了一個(gè)基于數(shù)學(xué)模型的預(yù)警系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)將會發(fā)出信號告訴我們?nèi)祟惢顒?dòng)正將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)推向崩潰,使我們采取措施將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)從邊緣拉回來。5.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.可知,借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)中的一些關(guān)鍵原則。故選B。6.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator.

A.hasawidefoodchoiceB.caneasilyfindanewpreyC.stickstoonepreyspeciesD.canquicklymovetoanotherplace【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知,當(dāng)捕食者總是吃大量的單一獵物,這兩個(gè)物種是緊密相連的。故選C。7.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?A.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知,處于食物網(wǎng)頂端的食肉動(dòng)物對它們沒有直接攻擊的其他物種的種群數(shù)量有著驚人的控制,由此可推斷出,如果食物鏈頂級食肉動(dòng)物的數(shù)量大大下降,其他物種的種群將經(jīng)歷意想不到的變化。故選D。8.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4?A.Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知,無計(jì)劃的人類活動(dòng)證明了由頂級掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正確的。在海洋中,我們大規(guī)模捕撈鱈魚等頂級捕食者,而在陸地上,我們殺死狼等大型捕食者。這些行為極大地影響了生態(tài)平衡。由此可推斷出,不受控制的人類活動(dòng)會極大地破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選A。Ⅱ.閱讀填句(2021·杭州高二檢測)Aswarmingcontinues,scientistswarntheoxygencontentofoceansacrosstheplanetcouldbemoreandmorereduced,withseriousconsequencesforthefutureoffishandothersealife.1Oneisthesimplefactthataswatergetswarmer,itcanholdlessdissolved(溶解的)oxygen.Theotherreasonislessobvious.Theentireoceangetsitsoxygenfromthesurface—eitherfromtheatmosphere,orfromphotosynthesizingalgaefloatingatthetopofthesea.2

Globalwarmingisexpectedtoreducethemixingoftheoceanbymakingsurfaceseawaterlighter.That’sbecauseinawarmerworldwecanexpectmorerainfallandmoremelting(融化)ofglaciers,icebergs,andicesheets.3Theextraheatfromthewarmingatmospherewillalsomakesurfacewaterexpandandthusmakeitlighterstill.4Instead,moreoftheoxygenwillremainnearthesurface,whereitwillbeusedupbyoxygen-breathingorganisms.

Alow-oxygenoceanmaybecomeaninescapablefeatureofourplanet.AteamofDanishresearcherswonderedhowlongoxygenlevelswoulddropifwecouldsomehowreduceourcarbondioxideemissionstozeroby2100.Theydeterminedthatoverthenextfewthousandyearsoxygenlevelswouldcontinuetofall,untiltheydeclinedby30percent.Theoxygenwouldslowlyreturntotheoceans,buteven100,000yearsfromnowtheywillnothavefullyrecovered.5

A.It’snotknownwhytheoxygenlevelofoceanshasreduced.B.Scientistspointtotworeasonstoexpectadropinoceanoxygen.C.Freshwater’sinpouringwillmakethewaterattheocean’ssurfacelighter.