高中英語過去分詞用法

語過去分詞Grammar第一頁，共67頁。1過去分詞

過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式,表示(biǎoshì)完成和被動的動作。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)狀語、定語等成分。第二頁，共67頁。2過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語過去分詞表完成、被動,與主句主語之間是被動關(guān)系;現(xiàn)在分詞表進行、主動,與主句主語之間是主動關(guān)系。如果一個被動的動作發(fā)生(fāshēng)在謂語動詞之前,那么可使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式或過去分詞。一、過去分詞作狀語(zhuàngyǔ)第三頁，共67頁。3過去分詞表完成、被動,作狀語時,其邏輯(luójí)主語是主句的主語,且與主語之間存在著被動關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語可表時間、原因、讓步、結(jié)果、方式、條件等。第四頁，共67頁。4觀察(guānchá)以下的句子:Oncepublished,hisworks(=Once

hisworks

waspublished,)becamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.PP作時間狀語,相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調(diào)(qiángdiào)時間概念。第五頁，共67頁。5過去分詞作時間(shíjiān)狀語1.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.

Whenheated,

icewillbechangedintowater.第六頁，共67頁。62.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.

Seenunderamicroscope,

afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.第七頁，共67頁。7過去分詞作原因(yuányīn)狀語1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.

Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,

theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.第八頁，共67頁。82.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.

Doneinahurry,

hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.第九頁，共67頁。9過去分詞作條件(tiáojiàn)或者假設(shè)狀語1.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.

Givenmoreattention,

thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.第十頁，共67頁。102.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.

Comparedwithyou,

westillhavealongwaytogo.第十一頁，共67頁。11作方式(fāngshì)或伴隨情況狀語1.Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.Thehunterlefthishouse,and

hewasfollowedbyhisdog.第十二頁，共67頁。122.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.Shesatbythewindow,andshewaslostinthought.lost表示一種迷失(míshī)心理狀態(tài)第十三頁，共67頁。131)過去分詞在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因(yuányīn)狀語、伴隨狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語等。2)過去分詞作狀語時,過去分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語一致。Summary第十四頁，共67頁。14過去分詞作狀語(zhuàngyǔ):過去分詞有兩大特點(tèdiǎn)：1.表示被動的動作；2.表示已經(jīng)完成的動作,因此,當(dāng)過去分詞作狀語的時候一定要搞清楚分詞與主語的邏輯關(guān)系－－被動,例如:第十五頁，共67頁。15Rewritewithproperconjunctions1.Unitedwestand,dividedwefail.

Ifweare

united,wewillstand,

but

if

we

are

divided,wewillfail.Example:第十六頁，共67頁。162.Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.→Whenhewasasked

whathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.3.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.→Becausehewas

wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.第十七頁，共67頁。174.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.

Ifwewere

givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.

5.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.

Once

itwas

translatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.第十八頁，共67頁。186.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.

Becauseshewas

deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.7.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.

Althoughhewas

leftaloneathome，Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.第十九頁，共67頁。19用過去分詞作狀語(zhuàngyǔ)來改寫句子。1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.→_______________________,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Worriedaboutthejourney第二十頁，共67頁。202.Ifheisgiventime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.→_________,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.3)AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.→______________________________,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.Given

timeConfusedbythenewsurroundings第二十一頁，共67頁。214)Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,hebecametense.

→________________________________,hebecametense.

Questionedbythepoliceaboutthefire第二十二頁，共67頁。22Findoutthesentenceswithsamemeaning.1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.

Worriedaboutthejourney,

Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.第二十三頁，共67頁。232.WhileIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.

Confusedbythenewsurrounding,

Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.3.AsIwasexhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.

Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.第二十四頁，共67頁。241.Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.—wefollowed(跟著那個老人(lǎorén),我們上去了)2.Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewere)(被那個老人(lǎorén)跟著,我們上去了)Compare第二十五頁，共67頁。253.從上面看,體育場好似一個鳥巢。____fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.從太空(tàikōng)看,宇航員看不到長城。____fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.SeenB

A

第二十六頁，共67頁。26DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_____foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊.______thebook,Ifindituseful.在使用(shǐyòng)的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用.________ather,hejumpedwithjoy._______atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.UsedUsingLookingLooked第二十七頁，共67頁。27注意:選擇(xuǎnzé)現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞,關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出,分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。第二十八頁，共67頁。28CompleteeachsentenceusingthePastParticipleoftherightverb.

1)_________bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaretosleepinherroom.2)Theladyreturnedhome,________bytwopolicemen.frightentrapfollowshootFrightenedfollowed第二十九頁，共67頁。293)If_______inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.4)Although____intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.trapped

shot第三十頁，共67頁。30二、過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語與其所修飾的詞之間存在著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,且表示該動作已經(jīng)(yǐjing)完成。單個的過去分詞作定語,通常置于被修飾的詞的前面,而分詞短語作定語,那么須置于被修飾詞的后面。第三十一頁，共67頁。311.LastSundaywewentonanorganizedtriptotheforest.上星期我們組織(zǔzhī)了一次去森林的旅行。2.Aletterpostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.今天發(fā)出的信后天就能收到。第三十二頁，共67頁。32分詞作定語可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句:Heworkedasaworkerbuildingroads.(主動(zhǔdòng))=Heworkedasaworkerwho/thatbuiltroads.Thisisapicturepaintedbymyfather.(被動)=Thisisapicturewhichwaspaintedbymyfather.第三十三頁，共67頁。33Iknowtheyoungmansleepingonthebench.(在進行(jìnxíng))=Iknowtheyoungmanwhoissleepingonthebench.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.(已完成)=Theletterwhichwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.第三十四頁，共67頁。34過去分詞短語有時亦可用作非限制性定語(dìngyǔ),前后常有逗號。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupincountryvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他們當(dāng)中有一些人,生長在農(nóng)村,從未見過火車。第三十五頁，共67頁。35過去分詞作定語有前置(qiánzhì)和后置兩種情況:單個的過去分詞作定語,通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,表示被動和完成(wánchéng)意義。第三十六頁，共67頁。36被動(bèidòng)意義：anhonoredguest一位受尊敬(zūnjìng)的客人(受傷(shòushāng)的工人)arenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.B.完成意義aretiredteacher一位退休的教師Theyarecleaning________________

(落葉)intheyard.Theinjuredworkersthe

fallen

leaves第三十七頁，共67頁。372.后置(hòuzhì)定語過去分詞短語作定語(dìngyǔ)時,通常放在被修飾的名詞之后,它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語(dìngyǔ)從句。Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.=Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=)toyourpartlastnight?thathaseverbeenwrittenwhohadbeeninvited第三十八頁，共67頁。38如果被修飾(xiūshì)的詞是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時，即使一個單一的分詞作形容詞用，也要放在被修飾(xiūshì)詞的后面。如:Isthereanythingunsolved?ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.注意(zhùyì):第三十九頁，共67頁。39三、過去分詞作賓補1.從時間(shíjiān)上:表動作已經(jīng)完成come,go,fall,change(表位移,變化的不及物動詞)Ifoundthecountrysidechangedalot.2.從語態(tài)上:表被動Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.第四十頁，共67頁。40過去分詞作賓補1.表“希望,要求(yāoqiú)〞的動詞：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)doneIwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.2.表“感覺,心理狀態(tài)(zhuàngtài)〞的動詞：see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,think+object+p.p.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.第四十一頁，共67頁。413.使役(shǐyì)動詞:make,get,have,keepIwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.=Iwanttogetthebarbertocutmyhair.=

Iwanttoletthebarbercutmyhair.4.介詞(jiècí)短語作賓補with,without+n.+p.p.Doyouknowthemanwithhishandstiedback?Theyleftwithoutadishtouched.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_____behindshisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tiedD第四十二頁，共67頁。42四、過去分詞作表語(biǎoyǔ)1.用作表語(biǎoyǔ)的過去分詞被動意味很弱,主要表示動作的完成和狀態(tài),此時相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。2.被動語態(tài)的過去分詞動詞意味很強,句子(jùzi)主語為動作的承受者,后面常跟by短語。①Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.②Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.第四十三頁，共67頁。433.表示“感覺(gǎnjué)流露〞的一些過去分詞(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表語,表示狀態(tài),其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動意味。如:第四十四頁，共67頁。44③Shewasvery

disappointed

toheartheresult.④He’squite

experienced

inteachingbeginners.

①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?Theygotvery

excited.②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?Well,hisfatherseems

pleased

withhisresults.第四十五頁，共67頁。45Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.過去分詞作表語(biǎoyǔ)C解析:該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌opaysb.bythehour〞計時給某人報酬(bàochou)。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有:getburnt,gethurt,getwoundedA.payB.payingC.paidD.topay第四十六頁，共67頁。461)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted2)Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlost3)Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingbyCDC第四十七頁，共67頁。471.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考點(kǎodiǎn)點撥C

簡析:首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選局部是一個作定語、修飾TheOlympicGames的后置分詞短語;再根據(jù)TheOlympicGames對于動詞play來說只能是被動承受,且已完成(wánchéng)(in776B.C.)。因此,該題應(yīng)選C。第四十八頁，共67頁。482.What’sthelanguage___inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak簡析:測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(biǎodá)被動,等于定語從句whichisspoken。B

第四十九頁，共67頁。493.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited簡析:測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動(bèidòng),等于定語從句whowereinvited。A

第五十頁，共67頁。504.Thecomputercentre,___lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened簡析:測試過去分詞短語作定語(dìngyǔ)放在所修飾的名詞后,可以用非限制性定語(dìngyǔ)從句“whichwasopenedlastyear〞代替。D

第五十一頁，共67頁。515.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written簡析:測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(biǎodá)被動,等于定語從句whichwerewritten。D

第五十二頁，共67頁。52另外,分詞作狀語時,如果其邏輯主語與整個句子(jùzi)的主語不一致時,需要獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代。(此時,也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補足語)第五十三頁，共67頁。53例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied簡析:很顯然,待選局部(júbù)的邏輯主語是hishands,而不是句子的主語Themurderer,而hishands對于動詞tie來說,只能是被動承受。因此,該題應(yīng)選D。D

第五十四頁，共67頁。546.When_____ifshewouldrequestarise,theactresssaidthatmoneywasnotimportant.A.asked B.askingC.havingaskedD.beingaskedA7.YesterdayIsawinthenewspaperateachingpost_____ataschoolclosetomyhomeandIwantedtoapplyforit.A.advertises B.advertisingC.advertised D.toadvertiseC第五十五頁，共67頁。558.____time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer．A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.GivenD9.MrSmith,____ofthe____speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boringA第五十六頁，共67頁。5610.Unless____tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited

11.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompletedAA第五十七頁，共67頁。5712.If____thesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven13.____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.FoundingCC第五十八頁，共67頁。581.Ilikereadingthenovels______(write)byZhangAiling.2.Thegirl______(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_______(repair).writt