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if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題精品文檔if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題黃志剛2013.10.一.簡(jiǎn)介虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí),所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣分為陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在什么情況下用虛擬語(yǔ)氣?在表示虛假的、與事實(shí)相反的或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示主觀愿望或表示某種強(qiáng)烈情感時(shí),也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即當(dāng)一個(gè)人說(shuō)話時(shí)欲強(qiáng)調(diào)其所說(shuō)的話是基于自己的主觀想法,而不是根據(jù)客觀實(shí)際,就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。二.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法1、真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句與非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句真:eg.Ifhedoesn’thurryup,hewillmissthebus.如果他不willaskmetotellstories.如果他是非真:eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.如果我是去。Iftherewerenoair,people快點(diǎn),他將錯(cuò)過(guò)巴士。Ifheisfree,he空閑的,他會(huì)要求我講故事。你,我馬上就會(huì)woulddie.如果沒(méi)有空氣,人就會(huì)死亡。1/37精品文檔2、用法及動(dòng)詞形式
1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況,例1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你,我會(huì)帶把傘。2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼,我就會(huì)告訴你。3.Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.如果沒(méi)有水和空氣,地球上就不會(huì)有生物。4.IfIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.如果我?guī)уX(qián)了,我就會(huì)借給你些。5.Ifhestudiedharder,hemightpasstheexam.如果他再努力些,就能通過(guò)考試了。2.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他聽(tīng)我的勸告的話,就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。3、表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的主觀推測(cè)例:1.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.如果他哪天來(lái)這兒的話,我就跟他談?wù)劇?IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.如果下周日下大雪,我們就不能去滑冰了。3.IfsheweretobetherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.如果她下周一來(lái)這兒的話,我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,”should,動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,should可省略。4、有時(shí),主句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作若不是同2/37精品文檔時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí),虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。?從句的動(dòng)作
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如:IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話,我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)成為一個(gè)工程師了Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他們通知過(guò)我們的話,我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來(lái)這里了,?從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。如:Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的話,我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他去北京了。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話,他肯定會(huì)去問(wèn)候她了。?從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況相反,而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如:Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.如果天不下太多的雨的話,莊稼會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow.要是他一直努力工作的話,他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了。5、當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were,should,had時(shí),if可以省略,這時(shí)用倒裝語(yǔ)序,即將were,should,had等詞置于句條件從句要首,這種多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。如:Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是3/37精品文檔他答應(yīng)去的話,我們就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在這兒的話,她會(huì)同意我們的。Had
helearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話,我們已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。6、非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來(lái),只暗含在副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、上下文或其他方式表示出來(lái),這種句子叫做含蓄條件句,在多數(shù)情況下,條件會(huì)暗含在短語(yǔ)中,如without?.,butfor?.等Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的幫助,我們還會(huì)在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.要是沒(méi)有你的指導(dǎo),我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼,否則我們就會(huì)給他打電話。7、有時(shí),虛擬條件句中,主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè),來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。?省略從句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本該完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你應(yīng)?省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我IfonlyIhadgotit.要是該能通過(guò)這次考試了。現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。我得到它了該多好啊。、4/37精品文檔虛擬語(yǔ)氣eg:.IwishIhadknownthetruthofthematter.我希望我原來(lái)知道這件事的真相。c、表示將來(lái)難以
實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:should/would+動(dòng)詞原形eg.IwishIshouldhaveachanceagain.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。二命令三建議四要求中,無(wú)論主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為何種時(shí)態(tài),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用:“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或只用“動(dòng)詞原形”。如Hesuggestedthatwetaketheteacher’sadviceHeinsistedthatwetaketheteacher’sadviceHedemandthatwetaketheteacher’sadviceHeorderedthatwetaketheteacher’sadvice注:insist如果翻譯成堅(jiān)持某種動(dòng)作才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣翻譯成堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)就不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:Heinsistheisastudent.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他是個(gè)學(xué)生。這個(gè)語(yǔ)句表示的是事實(shí),因此在這個(gè)語(yǔ)句中不能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。suggest意為“建議”才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,意為“暗示”則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:Hisfacesuggeststhathelooksworried.他的表情暗含著他很擔(dān)心。這個(gè)句子本身是事實(shí),因此它就沒(méi)有用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣。?表情緒.觀點(diǎn)的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.如:necessary.important.impossible.natural.strange.surprising.funny.right.wrong.better.apity等。句型:Itis.......that結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)5/37精品文檔詞都要用should+原型或只用動(dòng)詞原型。、在evenif,eventhough所引導(dǎo)的句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,主條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如:Even
ifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.即使他親自來(lái)也不知該怎么辦。NobodycouldsavehimeventhoughHuaTuoshouldcomehere.即使華佗在世也救不了他。3、在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever,wherever,however,nomatterwh-word等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀:?may+動(dòng)詞原形。如Wewillfinishitontimenomatterwhat/whatevermayhappen.不管Wewillfindhimwherever/nomatterwherehemaybe.無(wú)論他在哪Iwillwaitforhimnomatterhowlatehemay語(yǔ)從句中,從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為:發(fā)生什么事,我們都要按時(shí)完成。里,我們都要找到他。come.不管他來(lái)的多么晚,我都會(huì)等他。?may+完成式,主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如:Youmustn’tbeproudwhatever/nomatterwhatgreatprogressyoumayhavemade.不管你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步,你也不能驕傲Wemustrespecthimnomatterwhat/whatevermistakeshemayhavemade.不管他犯過(guò)什么錯(cuò)誤,我們必須尊敬他。4、一般wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner等之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望,故6/37精品文檔使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)去had+過(guò)去分詞;現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)過(guò)去時(shí)如:I’dratheryouhadseenthe其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為:表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)
filmyesterday.我倒想你昨天看過(guò)了這場(chǎng)電影。I’dratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你兒。We’dratheryouwentheretomorrow.我們明天去那兒現(xiàn)在在這倒想你5、虛擬語(yǔ)氣還可用在定語(yǔ)從句中,表示:“早該做某事了”時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為:Itistimethat+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形,即從句用虛擬過(guò)去式。如ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我該去學(xué)校接我shouldgotowork.你早該上班了。6、簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣說(shuō)話時(shí),為了的女兒了。Itishightimeyou表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌,言語(yǔ)常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為:would/could/might/should+原形動(dòng)詞。如:Wouldyoumindmyshuttingthedoor?我把門(mén)關(guān)起來(lái)你介意嗎,Youshouldalwayslearnthislessonbyheart.你要把這個(gè)教訓(xùn)牢記于心。Ishouldagreewithyou.我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點(diǎn)。表示“祝愿”時(shí),常用“may+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他”。如:Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你7/37精品文檔一路順風(fēng)。Mayyouryouthlastforever!祝你青春永駐。表示強(qiáng)烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時(shí),常用動(dòng)詞原形。如:LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina.中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨萬(wàn)歲。Godblessus.上帝保佑。習(xí)慣表達(dá)中常用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)。如:Wouldyouliketohaveatalkwithusthisevening?今天晚上來(lái)跟我們聊天好嗎,CouldIuseyourbikenow?我可以用一下你的單車(chē)嗎:Ishouldgladtomeetyou.見(jiàn)到你Iwouldtrymybesttohelpyou.我會(huì)盡,陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)或看法。如我會(huì)很高興。力幫助你。提出勸告或建議。如:You’dbetteraskyourfatherfirst.你最好先問(wèn)一問(wèn)你的父親。Youshouldmakeafullinvestigationofitfirst.你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。提出問(wèn)題。如:Doyouthinkhecouldgethereontime?你認(rèn)為他能按時(shí)來(lái)嗎,Doyouexpecthewouldtellusthetruth?你期望他會(huì)告訴我們真相嗎,表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的責(zé)備時(shí),常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為:“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過(guò)去分詞”。如:Youshouldhavegothereearlier.你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。Youshouldhavereturnedittohim.你應(yīng)該把它還給他了。練習(xí)以及解析1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhich8/37精品文檔itwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading2.Youarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlier,you_____him.A.come;wouldmeetB.hadcome;wouldhavemet
C.come;willmeetD.hadcome;wouldmeet3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen4.ItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak5.Helookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen6.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchildwouldnot_____.A.havelaidtherefortwohoursB.havebeenliedtherefortwohoursC.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohours.IwishthatI_____9/37精品文檔withyoulastnight.A.wentB.couldgoC.havegoneD.couldhavegone8.Let’ssayyoucouldgothereagain,how_____feel?A.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyou9.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown10._____thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.A.BecauseofB.Inspiteof
C.IncaseofD.Butfor11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach13.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible,butI_____sobusythen.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe10/37精品文檔14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind15.Ifit_____anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverainedC.haveseenD.rained16.Hesuggestedthatthey_____useatrickinsteadoffighting.A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.A.notwentB.won’tgoC.notgoD.nottogo
18.IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad19.WouldyouratherI_____buyinganewbike?A.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainstC.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainst20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.11/37精品文檔A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed21.—Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?—IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_____enoughmoney.A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad22.Ifshecouldsew,_____.A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeashirt虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)1(Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we______allright.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe2.______morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.HadthecaptainbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe______metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.
A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotable4.Ifyouaskedyourfatheryou______12/37精品文檔permission.A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavecalledD.maybeget5.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves6.______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were7.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,______allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.couldloseB.wouldhavelostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelost8.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he______ourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe9.Ifyou______JerryBrownuntilrecently,you’dthinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.A.shouldn’tcontactB.didn’tcontactC.weren’ttocontactD.hadn’tcontacted10.______heEnglishexaminationIwouldhave13/37
精品文檔gonetotheconcertlastSundayA.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor11.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI______youradviceA.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed12.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he______ourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.hadn’tcontacted13.Ifthehorsewontoday,it______thirtyracesinfiveyears.A.wouldhavewonB.wonC.musthavewonD.didhavewon14.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_______asuddenloudnoise.A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen15.Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles______rightaway.A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprintedC.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted14/37精品文檔16.JeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit______inareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.A.istobeanalyzedB.hasbeenanalyzed
C.beanalyzedD.shouldhavebeenanalyzed17.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI______fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was18.IapologizeifI______you,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.A.offendB.hadoffendedC.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended19.Ifyouhadn’ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we’d______therebynow.A.beB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling20.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling15/37精品文檔21.IwishthatI______withyoulastnight.A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone22.IwishI______withher.A.wouldbeB.amC.wasD.were23.IwishthatI______theconcertlastnight.A.couldB.haveattendedC.couldhaveattendedD.attended24.Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI______toit.
A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgoneC.didnotgoD.cannothavegone25.“Iwishyou______metoputthesethingsaway,”hesaid.A.willhelpB.helpC.arehelpingD.wouldhelp26.IftheWatergateIncident______Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.A.didnotoccurB.hadnotoccurredC.wasnotoccurringD.becircling27.Ihadn’texpectedJamestoapologizebutIhadhoped______.16/37精品文檔A.himcallingmeB.thathewouldcallmeC.himtocallmeD.thathecallme28.Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedtheproceedings______.A.ifhedidn’tgetaflattireB.iftheflattirehadn’thappenedC.hadhenothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditself29.Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents______experienceswithESP.A.writeacompositionontheirB.towritecompositionabouttheC.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorherD.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis30.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe______aChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen
31.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistrip______agreatsuccess.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was32.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe______awayforages.17/37精品文檔A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen33.Johnissostronglybuiltthathelooksasifhe______aselephant.A.liftsB.isliftingC.liftedD.couldlift34.Hedescribedthetownasifhe______ithimself.A.hadseenB.hasseenC.sawD.sees35.Atthatthoughtheshookhimself,asthoughhe______fromanevildream.A.wokeB.wakesC.wouldwakeD.hadwoke36.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou______anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.don’tC.didn’tD.didn’tdo37.Althoughmostadoptedpersonswanttherighttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare,somewhohavefoundthemwishthatthey______theexperienceofmeeting.A.hadn’tB.didn’thavehadC.hadn’thad
D.hadn’thave38.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLoffice18/37精品文檔______yourregistration.A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm39.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology______.A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved答案與詳解1(A(條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。2(B(條件句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬。3(A(條件句表示與未來(lái)事實(shí)的虛擬。4(B(條件句表示與未來(lái)事實(shí)的相反。5(C(條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。6(D(條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。7(B(這個(gè)句子中含有一個(gè)省略if,把助動(dòng)詞提前到主語(yǔ)they之前的虛擬條件句,該條件句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),而主句中bythetimetheywerefinished表明主句也應(yīng)該是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況的假設(shè),因而應(yīng)該選wouldhavelost為正確答案。
8(這道題目是一個(gè)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。條件句省19/37精品文檔略了if,把助詞had提前到主語(yǔ)前面,表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),而主句中now表明了對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè),所以應(yīng)選would+動(dòng)詞原形這種表達(dá)形式。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有是正確表達(dá)形式,故為正確答案。9(untilrecently,因此是正確答案,而主句是隱含的對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè),該句是一個(gè)混合虛擬條件句。10(假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句表示,而是隱含在一個(gè)由介詞如butfor、butthat、without,由連詞主格等表示的而沒(méi)有去即若不是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)考試,我本可以去but、副詞otherwise、比較級(jí)、形本句主句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),但事實(shí)上由于英語(yǔ)考試聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì),所以應(yīng)選Butfor為容詞、獨(dú)立上下文中。成,正確答案。11(題目中的第一句話表示的是現(xiàn)在真實(shí)的情況,而第二句話中所要表達(dá)的是應(yīng)該做但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做的事,這種情況導(dǎo)致第一句話中真實(shí)情況的發(fā)生,故Ifonly條件句假設(shè)的是過(guò)去一種情況,因此應(yīng)該用had+過(guò)去分詞,所以正確答案是。12(D(注意主句now表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),所以主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬,從句是對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬。13(A(從句對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。14(B(從句表示虛擬,而主句是事實(shí)。15(it是形式賓語(yǔ),urgent是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),that引20/37精品文檔
導(dǎo)的從句是真正的賓語(yǔ)從句,該從句的內(nèi)容被認(rèn)為是urgent,這樣從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,即should+動(dòng)詞原形。因此,本題正確答案是。16(在表示要求、愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等含義的名詞同位語(yǔ)從句中,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,即should+動(dòng)詞原形。17(本道題目的前半句話是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的一種假設(shè),但事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有發(fā)生,而事實(shí)上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的真實(shí)原因是句子的后半部分由but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句所表述的真實(shí)。因而but所引導(dǎo)的句去時(shí)。子中應(yīng)該用表示志過(guò)去事實(shí)相符合的表陳述的時(shí)態(tài),即一般過(guò)18(此題要求在if從句中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式,以主句中的動(dòng)詞apologize來(lái)看,if從句中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是過(guò)去做的事,因此可以排除,因?yàn)槭乾F(xiàn)在時(shí)。中should+have+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該做卻沒(méi)有做的事,在此不合題意。選項(xiàng)中的might+have+過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情很不肯定的猜測(cè),它表達(dá)的內(nèi)容還不能為成事實(shí),所以藉此道歉真是不知從何說(shuō)起,因此此處也不合題意。hadoffended表示當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動(dòng)是現(xiàn)在,而條件句是表示對(duì)過(guò)去假設(shè)的條件句。也是一個(gè)復(fù)雜條件句。條件句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),而主句表示對(duì)但事實(shí)上卻與此作。這是復(fù)雜條件句:apologize19(該句現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè),21/37精品文檔相反,所以正確答案應(yīng)該是。
20(asif引導(dǎo)的從句要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示同時(shí)或?qū)?lái)的情況,動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式或would+動(dòng)詞原形,本句話中指的是當(dāng)時(shí)的情況,所以要用過(guò)去式,故是正確答案。21(D(22(D(23(C(24(A(25(D(26(hadnotoccurred表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,條件句中要用過(guò)去完成式,主句中要用should+動(dòng)詞原形的過(guò)去分詞。27(hadhoped是常見(jiàn)的要求其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型,虛擬語(yǔ)氣would+動(dòng)詞原形。28(表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),主句動(dòng)詞形式為would+have+過(guò)去分詞,條件句為過(guò)去完成式,if可以省略,但要把had提前主語(yǔ)前面。,的表達(dá)不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,所以是正確答案。29(suggest后面的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,其形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形。30(A(表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬。31(A(asthough引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。22/37精品文檔32(D(felt是過(guò)去式,所以該句是由asthough引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。33(D(asif引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。
34(A(asif引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。35(C(36(wouldrather后接從句要求用虛擬過(guò)去式,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的假設(shè),或?yàn)檫^(guò)去完成式表示對(duì)過(guò)去的情況的假設(shè)。語(yǔ)氣,形式為37(who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作業(yè)已發(fā)生,所以主句中表示的虛擬是針對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的行為,所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成式表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。38(39(這是一人含蓄虛擬條件句,通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)without,表示潛在的一種假設(shè),而主句中的情況也早已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的一種假設(shè),因此用wouldnothavebeenachieved這一形式。40(連sothat引導(dǎo)的從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種假設(shè),形式為might+動(dòng)詞原形。虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題及答案解釋1.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,______allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.couldloseB.wouldhave23/37精品文檔lostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelost解析:這個(gè)句子中含有一個(gè)省略if,把助動(dòng)詞提前到主語(yǔ)they之前的虛擬條件句,該條件句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),而主句中
bythetimetheywerefinished表明主句也應(yīng)該是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況的假設(shè),因而應(yīng)該選wouldhavelost為正確答案。2.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe解析if,把助詞had提前到主語(yǔ)前面,表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),而主句中now表明了對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè),所以:這道題目是一個(gè)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。條件句省略了應(yīng)選would+動(dòng)詞原形這種表達(dá)形式。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有是正確表達(dá)形式,故為正確答案。.IfyouJerryBrownuntilrecently,you’dthinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.A.shouldn’tcontactB.didn’tcontactC.weren’ttocontactD.hadn’tcontacted解析:untilrecently,因此是正確答案,而主句是隱含的對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè),該句是一個(gè)混合虛擬條件句。.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcert24/37精品文檔lastSundayA.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor解析:假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句表示,而是隱含在一個(gè)由介詞如butfor、butthat、without,由連詞but、
副詞otherwise、比較級(jí)、形容詞、獨(dú)立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),但事實(shí)上由于英語(yǔ)考試而沒(méi)有去成,即若不是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)考試,我本可以去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì),所以應(yīng)選Butfor為正確答案。5.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIyouradviceA.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed解析:題目中的第一句話表示的是現(xiàn)在真實(shí)的情況,而第二句話中所要表達(dá)的是應(yīng)該做但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做的事,這種情況導(dǎo)致第一句話中真實(shí)情況的發(fā)生,故Ifonly條件句假設(shè)的是過(guò)去一種情況,因此應(yīng)該用had+過(guò)去分詞,所以正確答案是。6.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_______asuddenloudnoise.A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen解析:句意為:“要是有一聲巨響,這些動(dòng)物會(huì)受到25/37精品文檔驚嚇,這是有現(xiàn)實(shí)可能性的?!眘houldtherebe表示虛擬條件句中將來(lái)時(shí)間的謂語(yǔ)形式,if省略,所以should與there倒裝。因此B.shouldtherebe就是本題答案。7、WhenEdisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeopleallpowerintheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminutesinhonourofthisgreatman.
A.turnoffB.turnedoffC.wouldturnoffD.hadturnedoff:propose是欲望動(dòng)詞解析,后接的賓語(yǔ)從句或主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:should+動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。選擇.turnoff8、IapologizeifIyou,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.A.offendB.hadoffendedC.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended解析:B.hadoffended。本題測(cè)試交錯(cuò)時(shí)間的虛擬條件句。was暗示,事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以虛擬條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的虛擬形式。9、Theboarddeemediturgentthatthese26/37精品文檔filesrightaway.A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprintedC.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted解析:D.shouldbeprinted。因?yàn)閡rgent是欲望形容詞,在句中作形式賓語(yǔ)it的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),所以賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:+動(dòng)詞原形。10、Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefilesrightaway.A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprinted
C.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted解析:it是形式賓語(yǔ),urgent是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的賓語(yǔ)從句,該從句的內(nèi)容被認(rèn)為是urgent,這樣從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,即should+動(dòng)詞原形。因此,本題正確答案是。11、JeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit27/37精品文檔inareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.A.istobeanalyzedB.hasbeenanalyzedC.beanalyzedD.shouldhavebeenanalyzed解析:在表示要求、愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等含義的名詞同位語(yǔ)從句中,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,即should+動(dòng)詞原形。12、Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI____fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was解析:本道題目的前半句話是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的一種假設(shè),但事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有發(fā)生,而事實(shí)上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的真實(shí)原因是句子的后半部分
由but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句所表述的真實(shí)。因而but所引導(dǎo)的句子中應(yīng)該用表示志過(guò)去事實(shí)相符合的表陳述的時(shí)態(tài),即一般過(guò)去時(shí)。13.IapologizeifIyou,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.A.offendB.hadoffendedC.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended解析:此題要求在if從句中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式,28/37精品文檔以主句中的動(dòng)詞apologize來(lái)看,if從句中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是過(guò)去做的事,因此可以排除,因?yàn)槭乾F(xiàn)在時(shí)。中should+have+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該做卻沒(méi)有做的事,在此不合題意。選項(xiàng)中的might+have+過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情很不肯定的猜測(cè),它表達(dá)的內(nèi)容還不能成為事實(shí),所以藉此道歉真是不知從何說(shuō)起,因此此處也不合題意。hadoffended表示當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作。這是復(fù)雜條件句:apologize是現(xiàn)在,而條件句是表示對(duì)過(guò)去假設(shè)的條件句。14.Ifyouhadn’ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we’dtherebynow.A.beB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling解析:該句也是一個(gè)復(fù)雜條件句。條件句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),而主句表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè),但事實(shí)上卻與此相反,所以正
確答案應(yīng)該是。29/37精品文檔15.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling解析:if引導(dǎo)的從句要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示同時(shí)或?qū)?lái)的情況,動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式或would+動(dòng)詞原形,本句話中指的是當(dāng)時(shí)的情況,所以要用過(guò)去式,故是正確答案。16.IftheWatergateIncidentNixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.A.didnotoccurB.hadnotoccurredC.wasnotoccurringD.becircling解析:hadnotoccurred表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,條件句中要用過(guò)去完成式,主句中要用should+動(dòng)詞原形的過(guò)去分詞。17.Ihadn’texpectedJamestoapologizebutIhadhoped.A.himcallingmeB.thathewouldcallmeC.himtocallmeD.thathecallme解析:hadhoped是常見(jiàn)的要求其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型,虛擬語(yǔ)氣would+動(dòng)詞原形。18.Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedtheproceedings.30/37
精品文檔A.ifhedidn’tgetaflattireB.iftheflattirehadn’thappenedC.hadhenothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditself解析:表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),主句動(dòng)詞形式為would+have+過(guò)去分詞,條件句為過(guò)去完成式,if可以省略,但要把had提前主語(yǔ)前面。,的表達(dá)不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,所以是正確答案。19.TheteachersuggestedthatherstudentsexperienceswithESP.A.writeacompositionontheirB.towritecompositionabouttheC.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorherD.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis解析:suggest后面的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,其形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形。20.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe______aChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen解析:(表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬。21.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistripagreatsuccess.31/37精品文檔A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was解析:A(asthough引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。22.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen
解析:D(felt是過(guò)去式,所以該句是由asthough引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。23.Johnissostronglybuiltthathelooksasifheaselephant.A.liftsB.isliftingC.liftedD.couldlift解析:D(asif引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。4.Hedescribedthetownasifheithimself.A.hadseenB.hasseenC.sawD.sees解析:A(asif引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。5.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryouanythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.don’tC.didn’tD.didn’tdo解析:wouldrather后接從句要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,形式為過(guò)去式,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的假設(shè),或?yàn)檫^(guò)去完成式表示對(duì)過(guò)去的情況的假設(shè)。32/37精品文檔26.Althoughmostadoptedpersonswanttherighttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare,somewhohavefoundthemwishthattheytheexperienceofmeeting.A.hadn’tB.didn’thavehadC.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave解析:who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作
業(yè)已發(fā)生,所以主句中表示的虛擬是針對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的行為,所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成式表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。27.Withoutelectronicc
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