2023年上海市中考英語【熱點(diǎn)·重點(diǎn)·難點(diǎn)】二輪綜合復(fù)習(xí)-熱點(diǎn)11 閱讀回答問題之人與自然（教師版）

熱點(diǎn)11閱讀回答問題之人與自然（教師版）（建議用時(shí):30分鐘）屬于主觀題性質(zhì)的任務(wù)型閱讀，要求考生回答問題。這類試題的難度最大，考生如果不能真正讀懂并理解文章，就無法下筆。.通讀全文。通讀全文、弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，正確理解語境。.按題查讀，即根據(jù)問題去尋找答案。.簡練作答。組織答案時(shí)，注意避免語言錯(cuò)誤，如：時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和拼寫等。如需引用原文，要作適當(dāng)改動(dòng)，最好不要整句照搬..認(rèn)真核查。逐一檢查所填的詞是否符合原文主旨和細(xì)節(jié)，是否答非所問，是否仍存在語法、詞匯拼寫等錯(cuò)誤。.答案形式要符合提問方式。如原文中提問方式為“why”，那么就要用“because”引導(dǎo)的從句來回答。環(huán)保、動(dòng)植物、自然環(huán)境、天氣變化、宇宙探索等。一、閱讀回答問題Longtimeago,theEarthmotherofferedusrichenergy.Butbecauseofthedevelopmentoftheworldindustrialeconomy,thefastincreaseofpopulation,andtheunlimitedhumandesire,ourlivingenvironmentisbecomingworseandworse.Whatgameandprojectmadeclimatechangebeseenandfelt?WhydoesZhengwanttoshowthepublicclimatechangeinbeautifulandlivelyways?WhendidZhengattendtheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceforthefirsttime?【答案］26.No.27.Gamecompanies,artistsandprogrammers.28.AgamecalledGuardiansofEarthanddigitalartworks.29.Toincreasepeople'sunderstandingofnature.30.In2016.【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了鄭歡的故事。她成立了一個(gè)組織，開發(fā)了《地球衛(wèi)士》的游戲，和關(guān)于氣候變化的藝術(shù)品，讓氣候變化成為一件可以看到、感受到和應(yīng)對的事情，增加人們對自然的理解。鄭的工作得到了廣泛的關(guān)注和贊揚(yáng)。自2016年以來，她一直參加聯(lián)合國氣候變化大會(huì)。根據(jù)第——段中“Sunshine,freshair,water,allkindsofplantsandanimals.Theyarethemostvaluablethingsonourplanet.However,withoutapricetag（價(jià)簽）onthem,notmanypeoplehaverealizedthis”可矢口，在關(guān)B看來，大多數(shù)人都不知道自然的重要性，應(yīng)是否定回答，故填No.根據(jù)第二段中“Zhengdecidedtomakeachange.Shesetupanorganization.Theyworkwithgamecompanies,artistsandprogrammersandmakeclimatechangeathingthatcanbeseen,feltanddealtwith.”可矢口,游戲公司、藝術(shù)家和程序員是鄭組織的合伙人。故填Gamecompanies,artistsandprogrammers.根據(jù)第三段“ZhenghasbeenworkingonagamecalledGuardiansofEarth...Oneteenagersaid,“Thegamehaschangedmyideastowardplantsandanimals. 和第四段"Anotherprojectisdigital（數(shù)字的）artworksaboutclimatechange.”可知，一款《地球守護(hù)者》的游戲和數(shù)字藝術(shù)品讓人們看到和感受到了氣候變化。故填A(yù)gamecalledGuardiansofEarthanddigitalartworks.根據(jù)第四段中“1wanttocommunicateclimatechangeinbeautifulandlivelywaystoincreasepeople'sunderstandingofnature”可知，鄭想以美麗生動(dòng)的方式向公眾展示氣候變化，以增加人們對自然的理解。故填Toincreasepeople'sunderstandingofnature.根據(jù)第五段中“ShehasbeentakingpartintheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferencesince2016.95口J知，鄭第一次參加聯(lián)合國氣候變化大會(huì)是2016。故填I(lǐng)n2016.Nowadayspeoplehaverealizedtheproblems.Anewlifestylecalledlowcarbonisspreadingeverycomerofourcountry.Theconceptsoflowcarbonarelowenergyandnowaste.Itisnecessaryforeverybodytolivealow-carbonlife.Tolivealow-carbonlife,we'dbettersaveasmuchenergyaswecan.Forexample,turnoffthelightsandTVwhenyoudon'tusethem,usecoldwatertowashclothesordishes,usethesolarwaterheaterinsteadoftheelectricalone.Tolivealow-carbonlife,weshouldeatlessmeat.Beingavegetariancanhelpreduceoneandahalftonofcarbondioxideayear,butkeepinganimalsforfoodproducesevenmorecarbondioxidethanallthecarsdointheworld.Tolivealow-carbonlife,wearesupposedtodolessshoppingwhenwegoshopping,wemaydriveacarortakeabus.Ononehand,thesetransportationpollutetheair.Ontheotherhand,mostofusalwaysbuysomeuselessthingsbecauseofsomeadvertisements.Therearemanyotherwaystolivealow-carbonlife,suchasrecyclingthings,plantingtreesandreusingtextbooks.Ifwecankeepitahabitinourdailylife,theearthwillbecomeasaferplanetforustoliveon.Whatdoeslowcarbonmean?Howmanykindsofwaytolivealow-carbonlifearementionedinthepassage?Whatshouldweeatmoretoreducecarbondioxide?Whyshouldwedolessshopping?Howdoyoulikealowcarbondioxidelife?（請自擬一句話作答）［答案］1.Lowenergyandnowaste2.63.Vegetables4.Becauseitcanhelpusreduceairpollutionandbuyfeweruselessthings5.Tomaketheearthasaferplanetforustoliveon,itisnecessarytolivealow-carbonlife【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了低碳的生活方式：節(jié)約能源、少吃肉、少購物、回收物品、植樹和重復(fù)使用教科書等。如果我們在日常生活中養(yǎng)成低碳的生活習(xí)慣，我們賴以生存的地球?qū)⒏踩?根據(jù)第二段“Theconceptsoflowcarbonarelowenergyandnowaste.”可知,低碳的概念是低能耗和無浪費(fèi)。故填Lowenergyandnowasteo.根據(jù)第三段“Tolivealow-carbonlife,we'dbettersaveasmuchenergyaswecarT；第四段“Tolivealow-carbonlife,weshouldeatlessmeat."；第五段"Tolivealow-carbonlife,wearesupposedtodolessshoppingwhenwegoshopping/5；第六段“suchasrecyclingthings,plantingtreesandreusingtextbooks.”可矢口，過低碳生活的方式：節(jié)約能源、少吃肉、少購物、回收物品、植樹和重復(fù)使用教科書等六種。故填6。.根據(jù)第四段“Beingavegetariancanhelpreduceoneandahalftonofcarbondioxideayear,“素食者每年可以減少1.5噸二氧化碳；可知，要多吃蔬菜少吃肉。故填Vegetables。.根據(jù)第五段“Ononehand,thesetransportationpollutetheair.Ontheotherhand,mostofusalwaysbuysomeuselessthingsbecauseofsomeadvertisements”可知，購物可以幫助我們減少空氣污染，減少購買無用的東西o故填Becauseitcanhelpusreduceairpollutionandbuyfeweruselessthingso.開放性題，答案合理即可。參考答案為Tomaketheearthasaferplanetforustoliveon,itisnecessarytolivealow-carbonlife。二、閱讀并回答問題TherearemanywetlandsinChinaandsomeofthemhavebecometheworld'simportantwetlands.TheChineseYellowSeaWetlandsareamongthem.TheyareinYancheng,JiangsuProvince.Theyarehomeformanydifferentkindsofanimals.Theworld'slargestMiluDeerNatureReserveisinthem.Morethan700Miludeerlivefreelythere.Therearenotmanyred-crownedcranesintheworld,buteverywinteryoucanseesomeintheRed-crownedCraneNatureReserveintheYellowSeaWetlands.Thetemperatureinthewetlandsisusuallyneithertoohighnortoolow.Thereisalotofrainandsunshine,too.Theyarereallygoodplacesforwildlife.Offering（提供）foodandhomeforsomespecialkindsofanimalsisnottheonlyreasonwhyweneedtoprotectwetlands.Wetlandsareimportantbecausetheyalsopreventflood.Butsomepeoplewanttochangethewetlandstomakemorespaceforfarmsandlessspaceforwildlife.Luckily,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizethatweshouldprotectthewetlandsassoonaspossible.Everyyear,onFebruary2nd,manyactivitiesareheldtotellpeoplemoreaboutwetlands..WhereistheChineseYellowSeaWetlands?.HowmanyMiludeerliveinMiluDeerNatureReserve?WhyarewetlandsimportantforhumanbeingsbesidesofferingfoodandhomeforsomespecialkindsofWhyarewetlandsimportantforhumanbeingsbesidesofferingfoodandhomeforsomespecialkindsofanimals?WhatspecialbirdscanyouseeintheYellowSeaWetlandseverywinter?Whenaremanyactivitiesheldeveryyeartoprotectthewetlands?【答案】6.InYancheng,JiangsuProvince.7.Morethan700.8.Becausetheyalsopreventflood.9.Red-crownedcranes.10.OnFebruary2nd.【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。主要介紹了中國的濕地的重要性以及保護(hù)濕地的原因及措施。根據(jù)第二段“TheChineseYellowSeaWetlandsareamongthem.TheyareinYancheng,JiangsuProvince”可知，中國黃海濕地在江蘇鹽城。故填I(lǐng)nYancheng,JiangsuProvinceo根據(jù)第二段“Morethan700Miludeerlivefreelythere”可知，有700多只麋鹿生活在麋鹿自然保護(hù)區(qū)。故填Morethan700o根據(jù)第三段“Offeringfoodandhomefbrsomespecialkindsofanimalsisnottheonlyreasonwhyweneedtoprotectwetlands.Wetlandsareimportantbecausetheyalsopreventflood”可知，濕地對人類如此重要，還因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢苑乐购樗?。故填Becausetheyalsopreventfloodo根據(jù)第二段“Therearenotmanyred-crownedcranesintheworld,buteverywinteryoucanseesomeintheRed-crownedCraneNatureReserveintheYellowSeaWetlands”，可知黃海濕地有丹頂鶴，需作肯定回答。故填Yes,thereare。根據(jù)最后——段“Everyyear,onFebruary2nd,manyactivitiesareheldtotellpeoplemoreaboutwetlands”,可知每年的2月2日都會(huì)舉行許多保護(hù)濕地的活動(dòng)。故填OnFebruary2nd。三、Osmanthus（桂花）isoneofthemostbelovedautumnflowers.ItiswidelyplantedinChina,withaverylongplantinghistoryofmorethan2,500years.ThisfamousplantevenappearedinTheClassicofMountainsandSeas（《山海經(jīng)》）.AndtheflowersareseeninthecitiesofHangzhou,Suzhou,andGuilinastheircityflower.Thename“osmanthus“comesfromtheGreek,wordosma,meaning“sweet”,andanthos,meaning“flower”.Sincetheancienttimes,osmanthushasbeenasymbolofgoodthings,likepeace,loveandhappiness.Legend（傳說）hasitthattherewasanosmanthustreeonthemoon.AmannamedWuGangwasorderedtocutitdown.However,thetreecouldgrowagain.Wuhadtokeeponcuttingitagainandagainonthemoon.Thetreehasbeengrowingtillnow.OsmanthusflowersbetweenSeptemberandOctober,anditiswhentheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebrated,soosmanthushasbecomethebestflowerforpeopletoenjoywithafullmoon.Ithasbeenlovedbymanypoets,includingLiOingzhaoandYangWanlifromtheSongDynasty,Yangwrotethatthesweetnessofosmanthusissocleanandrichthatit'shardtobelieveitcomesfromnatureandnotthemooninheaven.TheChinesepeople'sloveforosmanthushasbecomeapartoftheirdrinksculture.OsmanthuswineandteaarepopulartraditionalChinesedrinks.Forthosewhohaveasweettooth,therearemanyfoodsmadefromosmanthusflowers.Theflowersofosmanthuscanalsobecollectedtomakehoneyandjam.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。HowlonghaveChinesepeopleplantedosmanthus?Whatsymbolhastheword“osmanthus“beensincetheancienttimes?HowdidYangWanlidescribeaboutthesweetnessofosmanthus?WhyhasosmanthusbecomethebestflowertoenjoyonMid-AutumnFestival?Whatdoyouknowtheflowersofosmanthuscanbemadeinto?【答案】11.Morethan2,500years.12.Goodthings,likepeace,loveandhappiness.13.Socleanandrich./Itissocleanandrich./Cleanandrich.14.BecauseosmanthusflowersbetweenSeptemberandOctober,anditiswhentheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebrated.15.Osmanthuswineandtea/Osmanthusdrinks,manyfoods,honeyandjam.【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了桂花的一些基本信息。根據(jù)"ItiswidelyplantedinChina,withaverylongplantinghistoryofmorethan2,500years.“口J矢口，中國人種植桂花有超過2500年歷史了,故填Morethan2,500years.根據(jù)“Sincetheancienttimes,osmanthushasbeenasymbolofgoodthings,likepeace,loveandhappiness.”可知，自古以來，桂花就象征著美好的事物，如和平、愛和幸福。故填Goodthings,likepeace,loveandhappiness.根據(jù)“Yangwrotethatthesweetnessofosmanthusissocleanandrichthatifshardtobelieveitcomesfromnatureandnotthemooninheaven.”可知，楊寫道，桂花的甜是如此的干凈和豐富，讓人難以相信它來自大自然，而不是天上的月亮。故填Socleanandrich./Itissocleanandrich./Cleanandrich.根據(jù)"OsmanthusflowersbetweenSeptemberandOctober,anditiswhentheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebrated,soosmanthushasbecomethebestflowerfbrpeopletoenjoywithafullmoon.”可矢口，桂花的花期在九月至十月，恰逢中秋節(jié)，因此桂花成為人們賞月的最佳花朵。故填BecauseosmanthusflowersbetweenSeptemberandOctober,anditiswhentheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebrated.根據(jù)“OsmanthuswineandteaarepopulartraditionalChinesedrinks.Forthosewhohaveasweettooth,therearemanyfoodsmadefromosmanthusflowers.Theflowersofosmanthuscanalsobecollectedtomakehoneyandjam.”可知，桂花可以制作桂花酒和花茶，桂花飲料，許多食物，還可以用來制作蜂蜜和果醬。故填Osmanthuswineandtea/Osmanthusdrinks,manyfoods,honeyandjam.四、Policedogsaregivenspecialtrainingtohelpthepolicewiththeirwork.Manydifferenttypesofdogscanbetrainedtodothiswork,butthebestknownonesareGermanshepherdsandbloodhounds.InBritain,policedogsusuallyhavea13-weektrainingcourseandmanydogsfail.Notalldogsmakegoodpolicedogs.Theymustbecompletelyreliableandobedient.Mostpolicedogslivewiththeirhandlersaspartofthefamily,buttheyarenotpets.Theyareworkingdogsandtheyhaveajobtodo.Policedogsaretrainedtochaseandholdpeoplewhoaretryingtogetawayfromthepolice.Policedogsarenotviciousanimals.Theyaretrainedtoholdontopeopleuntiltheirhandlertellsthemtoletgo.Policedogsoftengointodangerousplacesandtheyaregivenspecialveststoprotectthemfromknifeandgunattacks.Dogsarenotonlytrainedtochaseandcatchcriminals.Theyarealsousedforfollowingsuspectsorfindingmissingpeople.Thisisbecausesomedogs,suchasbloodhounds,haveaverygoodsenseofsmellandcanbetrainedtorecognizecertaintypesofsmells.Somedogsareusedtofindsurvivorsafterearthquakesorexplosionsandsomearespeciallytrainedtofinddeadbodies.Inmanycountriesdogsareusedinairportstocheckluggagefordrugsandbombs.Labradors,spanielsandbeaglesareusedforthisbecausetheyarefriendlydogsandpeoplearenotafraidofthem.回答下面5個(gè)問題，每題答案不超過6個(gè)詞。HowlongdoesthetrainingcourseforpolicedogsusuallylastinBritain?Whatprotectspolicedogswhentheygointodangerousplaces?.Whenwillpolicedogsletgoofthesuspect?.Whatcandogsbeusedforafterearthquakesorexplosions?WhycanLabradors,spanielsandbeaglesbeusedtocheckluggageinairports?［答案］16.Thirteen/13weeks.17.Specialvests.18.Whenthepolicetellthemto./Untilthehandlertellsthemto.19.Tofindsurvivorsanddeadbodies.20.Becausetheyarefriendly.【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹警犬的挑選、訓(xùn)練和工作。根據(jù)"InBritain,policedogsusuallyhavea13-weektrainingcourseandmanydogsfhiL”可矢口，在英國，警犬需要進(jìn)行為期13周的訓(xùn)練。故填Thirteen/13weeks.根據(jù)"Policedogsoftengointodangerousplacesandtheyaregivenspecialveststoprotectthemfromknifeandgunattacks.”可知，當(dāng)警犬進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)地方時(shí)，它們會(huì)穿特殊的背心以保護(hù)它們免受刀和槍的攻擊。故填Specialvests.根據(jù)"theyaretrainedtoholdontopeopleuntiltheirhandlertellsthemtoletgo.“可知，只有當(dāng)警察或馴犬員讓警犬放人它們才會(huì)放人。故填Whenthepolicetellthemto./Untilthehandlertellsthemto.根據(jù)"SomedogsareusedtofindsurvivorsafterearthquakesorexplosionsandsomearespeciallytrainedtofinddeadbodiesJ可知，在地震或爆炸現(xiàn)場，警犬可以搜尋幸存者或尸體。故填Tofindsurvivorsanddeadbodies.根據(jù)"Labradors,spanielsandbeaglesareusedforthisbecausetheyarefriendlydogsandpeoplearenotafraidofthem.”可知，因?yàn)樗鼈兒苡押?，所以可以在機(jī)場檢查行李。故填Becausetheyarefriendly.五、閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。GenesisButlerhasbeenvegan（素食主義者）sinceshewas6.Now15,herdreamistoprotectanimalsandtheenvironment,andshehasbeenencouragingotherkidstojoinher.“WhenIfirstbecameavegan,Iknewanimalswerekilledtoproduceourfoodandfeltsorryaboutit.ThenIfoundouthoweatingtoomanyanimalswasalsobadforourplanet.Iwantedmorepeopletoknowthatwhenthey'reeatinganimalproducts,they'remakingachoicethatinfluencehowthefuturewillbefbreveryoneJshesaid.Tospreadherideas,GenesispresentedfortheTEDprogramatage10,becomingoneoftheyoungestTEDspeakersever.In2020,Genesisstartedherownnonprofitorganization（非營利性組織）,GenesisforAnimals.Anditraisesmoneytosupportanimalsanctuaries（收容所）aroundtheworld.ShealsoledYouthClimateSave,acampaign（運(yùn)動(dòng)）thataskspeopletobuyfeweranimalproducts.“It'simportantthatkidsspeakup,becauseitshowsthey【答案】21.Sinceshewas6.22.BypresentingfortheTEDprogramatage10.23.Acampaignthataskspeopletobuyfeweranimalproducts.24.Becausetherewerekidswhoneededsupporttobecomeactivistsandgetthewordoutthere.25.Yes.【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了GenesisBulter【答案】21.Sinceshewas6.22.BypresentingfortheTEDprogramatage10.23.Acampaignthataskspeopletobuyfeweranimalproducts.24.Becausetherewerekidswhoneededsupporttobecomeactivistsandgetthewordoutthere.25.Yes.【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了GenesisBulter為保護(hù)動(dòng)物和環(huán)境所做的努力。21.根據(jù)“GenesisButlerhasbeenvegansinceshewas61'可知，Genesis在六歲時(shí)成為一名素食主義者。故填Sinceshewas6.22.根據(jù)"Tospreadherideas,GenesispresentedfbrtheTEDprogramatage10,becomingoneoftheyoungest“Alotofyoungpeoplearethinking,'WhatcanIdoaboutclimate（氣候）change?91startedYouthClimateSavebecausetherewerekidswhoneededsupporttobecomeactivistsandgetthewordoutthere.”Genesishasastrongfeelingofwantingtosavetheenvironment.Marvel（漫威）discoversthatsheistheherotheyarelookingfor.SheisnowamemberofMarveEsHeroProject.HerstorywillbemadeintoamovieandshownonDisney.Itshowshowayoungherocanworktomakeadifferenceintheworld.WhendidGenesisbecomeavegan?HowdidGenesisspreadherideasofprotectinganimalsandtheenvironment?WhatisYouthClimateSave?WhydidGenesisstartYouthClimateSave?.WilltherebeamovieaboutGenesisinthefuture?TEDspeakersever.”可知，在10歲的時(shí)候通過為TED演講傳播她保護(hù)動(dòng)物和環(huán)境的思想。故填BypresentingfortheTEDprogramatage10..根據(jù)“ShealsoledYouthClimateSave,acampaign（運(yùn)動(dòng)）thataskspeopletobuyfeweranimalproducts."可知，YouthClimateSave是一項(xiàng)要求人們少買動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故填A(yù)campaignthataskspeopletobuyfeweranimalproducts..根據(jù)"IstartedYouthClimateSavebecausetherewerekidswhoneededsupporttobecomeactivistsandgetthewordoutther已”可知，開始YouthClimateSave是因?yàn)橛行┖⒆有枰С植拍艹蔀榛顒?dòng)家，把消息傳播出去。