第,章細菌的生物學形狀七制

BasicCharactersofBacteriaChapter1當前第1頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點MorphologyandStructureofBacteria

Section1當前第2頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點I.SizeandShapeofbacteria

Sizeofbacteriameasureunit-----μm(micrometer)當前第3頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點炭疽芽胞桿菌3-10μm大中大腸埃希菌2-3μm小布魯菌0.6-1.5μm當前第4頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

Shapeofbacteria

diplococcus;streptococcus;staphylococcus;tetrads;sarcina

streptobacillus;coccobacillus;mycobacterium;bifidobacterium

vibrio;spirillum;helicobacterium;

CoccusBacillusSpiralbacterium當前第5頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點淋球菌當前第6頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點鏈球菌當前第7頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

葡萄球菌當前第8頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點四聯(lián)球菌八疊球菌當前第9頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點大腸桿菌

核梭桿菌炭疽桿菌雙歧桿菌當前第10頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點炭疽桿菌結(jié)核桿菌大腸桿菌當前第11頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點幽門螺桿菌霍亂弧菌當前第12頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

Structureof

Bacteria

當前第13頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點StructureofBacteriaPlasmid當前第14頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

cellwall

Elementarystructure

cellmembrane

cytoplasm

nucleoidcapsule

Specialstructure

flagellum(flagella)

pilus(pili)spore

當前第15頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

Elementarystructure當前第16頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點CellWall當前第17頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點1.structure&chemicalcomposition

peptidoglycan（mucopeptide）1)

polysaccharidebackbone

N-acetylglucosamine(G)andN-acetylmuramicacid(M)linkedalternatelyinachain.

2)tetrapeptidesidechain

G+

:ala-glu-lys-alalinkmuramicacid,

G-

:ala-glu-DAP-ala

3)pentapeptidebridgeG+【L-glycine】5

當前第18頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點lysozymeMMGGMMMMGGpenicillinMMMGGStructureofpeptidoglycanofG+bacteria當前第19頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點GGGGMMalaalaglugluDAPDAPalaalaStructureofpeptidoglycanofG-bacteria當前第20頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點SpecialcomponentsofG+cellwall

1.teichoicacids:

wallteichoicacidmembraneteichoicacid

（lipoteichoicacid,LTA）

function:

1)themajorsurfaceantigensofthegram-positivebacteria2)

associatedwithpathogenicity(adhesion)

2.

protein:SPA,M-protein當前第21頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點當前第22頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

SpecialcomponentsofG-

cellwall

1.lipopolysaccharide(LPS)1）lipidA---endotoxin,non-genusspecific2）corepolysaccharide3）specificpolysaccharide“O”Ag2.Outermembraneprotein

:exchange；receptor(sexpili,phage);porin3.Lipoprotein

4.periplasmicspace

outermembrane當前第23頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點當前第24頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點當前第25頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點當前第26頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點當前第27頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點The

FunctionofCellWall

1)protection2)keeptheconstantshape3)antigenicity4)exchangematerial當前第28頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點L-FormsofBacteria

cellwalldeficientform1)Morphology:

highlypleomorphic;G-

friedeggcolonyreversion

G+------protoplasts

G-------spheroplasts2)Media:highosmotic;3)Pathogenicity:

chronicinfections;resistanttoantibiotictreatment.

當前第29頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點當前第30頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點當前第31頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點當前第32頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點cellmembrane

mesosome

invaginationvesicularmembraneincreasemembranearea

septalmesosome:celldivisionmesosomemesosomemesosome當前第33頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點Membrane-associatedproteins

1.Penicillin-bindingprotein(PBP)2.Proteinsecretionsystem:G-

fivepathwaysofproteinsecretionI;II;III;IV;V3.Two-componentsystem當前第34頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點當前第35頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

Two-componentsignaltransductionsystem當前第36頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點ribosome70S(30S+50S)RNA(66%),protein(34%)rRNA---23S,16S,5Santibiotictargetproteinsynthesizecytoplasm當前第37頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

ribosome當前第38頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

plasmid

extra-chromosomalgeneticmaterialcircle

doublechainsDNA

replicatedindependently

carrygeneticinformation

controlsomefunctionsofbacteria

factorF---------controlsexpilus

factorR----------controldrugresistancecolfaction------controlE.col.toproducebacteriocin.

當前第39頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點plasmid當前第40頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

Cytoplasmicgranules

reservematerialhepatinmetachromaticgranule當前第41頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

Nucleoid

DNA;histone-likeprotein,RNA當前第42頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點SpecialStructure當前第43頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點capsule

slimelayeroutsidethecellwallcomposedofpolysaccharideorpolypeptide

produce:inanimalbodyinmediawithserumorsugar

>0.2μmcapsule<0.2μmmicrocapsule當前第44頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點肺炎雙球菌莢膜

莢膜

pneumococcus

當前第45頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點Function

1.

anti—phagocytosis

2.adherence

3.

protectedfromthelyticactionofcomplements,lysozymeanddamageofantimicrobialagents.

4.

anti-dry

5.antigenicity

當前第46頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點FlagellaLongfilamentousappendageOriginateintheprotoplasmicmembrane

Function

1.motility

2.antigenicity:“H”Ag

3.pathogenicitysomebacteria(vibrio)當前第47頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點霍亂弧菌假單胞菌傷寒桿菌螺旋體空腸彎曲菌當前第48頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

peritrichouspolar當前第49頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點pili

rigid

surfaceappendage;G-

1.commonpilus：100—200/celladheretosurfaceofbacteriaassociatedwithpathogenicity.2.sexpilus：1-4/cellmalebacteriawithsexpilustransferofgeneticmaterial（DNA）

duringbacteriaconjugationF+--------F-當前第50頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點大腸桿菌普通菌毛大腸桿菌性菌毛普通菌毛當前第51頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點普通菌毛當前第52頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

spore

dormantform（restingforms）

1)

forming:inadequatenutrition

2)

germinationsporevegetativeformactivationinitiationoutgrowth當前第53頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點肉毒桿菌芽胞炭疽桿菌芽胞肉毒桿菌芽胞破傷風桿菌芽胞當前第54頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點肉毒桿菌芽胞破傷風桿菌芽胞當前第55頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點StructureofSporecore當前第56頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點當前第57頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點germination當前第58頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

3)

function

highlyresistanttoheat,chemicalanddry

reason:（1）manylayers----thickcoat

（2）littlewater

（3）largeamountofcalciumdipicolinicacid

（吡啶二羧酸鈣）（4）heat-stableenzyme當前第59頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

Section2

BacterialMultiplicationandMetabolism當前第60頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點BacterialMultiplication

當前第61頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點Bacterialrequirementsforgrowth

nutrients

optimalpH

optimaltemperature

oxygen(orabsence)

osmoticpressure當前第62頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

NutrientRequirements

carbonnitrogeninorganicsaltwatergrowthfactor當前第63頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

pH

growbestatneutralpH:7.2~7.6

Somecansurvive/grow-acidpH3-alkalipH9當前第64頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點Growthtemperature

psychrophile:-5~30℃

mesophile:

10~45℃

humanbodytemperature:37℃pathogensopportunists

thermophile:25~95℃

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Growthatmosphere

strict(obligate)aerobe

microaerophilicbacterium

facultativeanaerobe

strict(obligate)anaerobe當前第66頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

Reasonthatobligateanaerobescan’tgrowinoxygencondition:(1)LackofcytochromeandcytochromaseEh300mv/120mv(2)Lackofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD),catalase,peroxidase

superoxidedismutase O2-+2H+H2O2

catalaseH2O2H2O peroxidase

H2O2H2O

當前第67頁\共有75頁\編于星期五\20點

osmoticpressure

0.5%Nacl

halophilicbacterium: