高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空講解與練習(xí)課件

語(yǔ)法填空GrammarFilling1、閱讀、理解語(yǔ)篇的能力;2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力;3、熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法,短語(yǔ)的能力?？疾槟繕?biāo)語(yǔ)法填空題兩類“空”：純空格（3-4個(gè)）給詞空

(6-7個(gè)）1.謂語(yǔ)（時(shí)態(tài)—語(yǔ)態(tài)—數(shù)）2.非謂語(yǔ)（todo---doing—done)3.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(名—形—副）冠、代、介、連、引導(dǎo)詞考查方式解題關(guān)鍵：1把握大意；2找關(guān)鍵詞；找出句中主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、連詞主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、連詞橫線前后詞

既要符合語(yǔ)意，又要合乎語(yǔ)法！忽略文意，直奔題目！切忌：原則：給詞空考點(diǎn)講解：1.謂語(yǔ)（時(shí)態(tài)—語(yǔ)態(tài)—數(shù)）2.非謂語(yǔ)（todo---doing—done)3.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(名—形—副）4.形容詞副詞（原級(jí)—比較級(jí)—最高級(jí)）Theexam,whichwasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,____________(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute.Theydidn’ttakemanychancesintheirlives.Theyusually_________(follow)orders.Ihadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe__________(break)hisfinger.waschangedfollowedhadbroken考點(diǎn)一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

括號(hào)內(nèi)給出動(dòng)詞的原形，做題時(shí)首先找出句子的主干，確定主句，如果缺謂語(yǔ)，就要根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境和意思確定動(dòng)詞的數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。

如果空格前是助動(dòng)詞（will,shall等）、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can,may,must等）或是動(dòng)詞加to的形式，則空格一定是。

如果空格前是have的各種形式，則想到構(gòu)成。

如果空格前是be的各種形式，則想到用

動(dòng)詞原形完成時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。應(yīng)試策略reading考點(diǎn)二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞solvedHe

sits

in

the

classroom,_______(read)

a

book.Withtheproblem_________(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.Igotupearly_________(catch)thefirstbus.Thebuilding,_______(build)lastyear,isateachingbuilding.Thebuilding,___________(build)nextyear,isateachingbuilding.Thebuilding,___________(build)now,isateachingbuilding.tobebuilttocatchbuiltbeingbuilt

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和動(dòng)詞不定式。做題時(shí)確定所給出的詞與其所修飾的詞或其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。如果與中心詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，；如果與中心詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，；如果表示將來，一般用V-ing形式一般用V-ed形式應(yīng)試策略一般用動(dòng)詞不定式。非謂語(yǔ)在單項(xiàng)選擇里考會(huì)很難，但在語(yǔ)法填空里考，卻成了比較簡(jiǎn)單的考點(diǎn)。如果“空”所在的句子已經(jīng)有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而且提示詞是動(dòng)詞，那么這時(shí)候考察的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。uselesstightlypersonal考點(diǎn)三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換Mostofthepeopleinthetownshowedpityonhim,butitwas________(use).Hehuggedthelittleboy_________(tight).SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe____________(develop)ofchopsticks.4.…,soI’mverycarefulnottogiveoutmy__________(person)information.development

括號(hào)內(nèi)給出單詞的其他形式，通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷句子缺少什么成分（修飾什么詞），再用正確的單詞形式補(bǔ)充完整，該空同時(shí)考查同學(xué)們的單詞拼寫能力。應(yīng)試策略cheaperworst考點(diǎn)四、形容詞或副詞Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MissLi.Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellas_______(cheap)tositcomfortablyathome,…Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifythoseof______(great)andlessimportance.greater

括號(hào)內(nèi)給出形容詞或副詞，要根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境確定用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)形式。應(yīng)試策略形容詞修飾名詞/代詞

副詞修飾動(dòng)詞/形容詞/副詞/句子小試牛刀：1.【2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ】ItwasraininglightlywhenI_______(arrive)InYangshuojustbeforedawn(黎明).2.【2015安徽】JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI_______(leave)mybookintherestaurant.3.【2014江西】WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith_________(patient).4.【2014天津】Aftertheevent(活動(dòng)）the______(piano)weredonatedtolocalschoolandcommunitygroups.

5.Thewomanlookaroundtheshop,________(keep)aneyeonherbaby.

6.【2016全國(guó)卷Ⅱ】Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelasenseof_____________(achieve).7.【2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】Thetitlewillbe_________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.arrivedhadleftpatiencepianoskeepingachievementofficially純空格類考點(diǎn)講解：1.冠詞2.代詞3.介詞4.

連詞5.

引導(dǎo)詞theana考點(diǎn)五、冠詞Heliedtotheteacherwith______samereason.Youcannowmake_______educateddecisionaboutwhatcareertopursue.3.Theauthorofthestudysuggestedthatencouragingmorebooksreadingmightbe____usefulwaytopreventchildhoodaccidents.

如果空格后是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表泛指，就應(yīng)該考慮空格處是否需要填不定冠詞(a,an)。如果空格后是序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或提及上文提到過的人或物（特指）等時(shí)，就應(yīng)該考慮空格處是否需要填定冠詞(the)。應(yīng)試策略Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehear______spoken.2.Thelittleboypulled_______righthandoutofthepocketandgavemesomemoney.3.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax_________.itmyselfhis考點(diǎn)六、代詞

首先找出代詞所指代的名詞，根據(jù)其在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞执_定用哪個(gè)代詞。如果空格后是名詞，就應(yīng)該考慮空格處是否用物主代詞(my,your,his等)、指示代詞(this,that等)、不定代詞(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名詞所有格等進(jìn)行修飾。

如果空格前是動(dòng)詞,就應(yīng)考慮用人稱代詞和反身代詞。應(yīng)試策略Televisionisnowplayingaveryimportantrole______ourlife.…morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermany______advancedstudy.Itwasinthisveryroomthatshegavebirth______Lindaseventeenyearsago.

InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat_____theirhands.fortoin考點(diǎn)七、介詞with介詞可位于名詞之前。如atnight,onSunday等；也可位于形容詞之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat等；還可位于不及物動(dòng)詞之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor等。應(yīng)試策略掌握一些常用介詞的用法、含義和固定搭配；Ifafamilyhasmanychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.

Theyoungestchild,_________,oftengetsspecialtreatment.2.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,_____itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.howeverand考點(diǎn)八、連（接）詞

空格前后兩個(gè)句子都含有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，則要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或連接詞。表示遞進(jìn)：so,for,therefore,thus等；besides,further,furthermore,moreover等；

but,nevertheless,however,yet等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折：表示因果：

表示并列：and,or等；應(yīng)試策略表示讓步：while,although,though,等。thatwhothat考點(diǎn)九、引導(dǎo)詞Oneday,hecameupwithanidea________hewouldhelpmewithmyproject.Somepeoplesaythatsomechildren,_____aresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikelytosucceed.SocarelesswasI_________Ihadforgottenallaboutthat.Iwasreallysurprisedat_______Isaw.what

空格前后都是一個(gè)句子,做題時(shí)應(yīng)該從句子的意義去判斷是屬于什么類型的復(fù)合句（定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句或者狀語(yǔ)從句），再確定填什么引導(dǎo)詞。應(yīng)試策略如何判斷從句類型？空格前是名詞空格前是及物動(dòng)詞

空格前是系動(dòng)詞

空格在句首定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句所填詞在后面句子中充當(dāng)成分不充當(dāng)成分賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句判斷狀語(yǔ)從句類型時(shí)還可以根據(jù)前后句句子之間的意思及邏輯關(guān)系來判斷是什么狀語(yǔ)從句小試牛刀：1.【2014山東】Susanmade___cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.2.【2014北京】Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves____halfanhour.3.【2015重慶】Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof______werepublishedinthe1990s.4.【2014安徽】Theexactyear___________KateandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawasin2008.5.Theexactyear________KateandherfamilyvisitChinawasin20086.Hurryup,

____you’llmisstheearlybus.itwhichthat/whichinorwhen一步來把全文看，把握主旨邏輯線；二步開始做答案，容易做的先做完；難題放在第三步，上下文里找答案；四步復(fù)讀很關(guān)鍵，保證全文意連貫。解題四步口訣：Practicemakesperfect.Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI__61__(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours__62__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__63_(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_64__arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_65__(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway__66_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo__67__(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_68__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit___(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_70__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.【2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ】Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI__61__(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours__62__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__63_(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.arrivedearlier/beforeitsI’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountain(石灰?guī)r山)topsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_64__arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_65__(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway__66_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.that/whichpaintingsbyYangshuo__67__(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_68__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit___(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_70__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.isconducted

regularly

livingTheadobedwellings(土坯房)61（build）bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthw