語法5非謂語動詞

知行教育學生個性化教學方案 捧著一顆心來，不帶半根草去知行教育學生個性化教案本學生：1EDUCATIO(就開心) 知行教育教務處制知行教育學生個性化教學方案捧著一顆心來，不帶半根草去知行教育學生個性化教學方案捧著一顆心來，不帶半根草去EDUCATIOEDUCATIO)知行教育教務處制知行教育學生輔導教案學生姓名 學校 授課教師年級 上課時間 授課日期本次教學主要內(nèi)容牛津高中英語－模塊五第一單元一動詞不定式：帶to的動詞不定式帶to-的動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)是to+動詞原形，如，todo,towork. 它可單獨使用，也可以組成動詞不定式短語。Iwasdeterminedtobecheerful.to-的動詞不定式可以做：句子的主語TofindabestfriendisdifficultItisdifficulttofindabestfriend.句子的賓語Ineedtosleepforeighthourseverynight.賓語補足語Iaskedhimtocomeover.定語如：Ihaveaveryimportantmeetingtoattend.同位語如：Hisintentionwastocheermeup.狀語如：Mydadarrangedsomeswimminglessonstosurpriseme.to-Thingsseemtobegettingbetter.Johnpretendednottohaveseenme.二動詞不定式：不帶to的動詞不定式可用于不帶to的動詞不定式的動詞有l(wèi)et makehave （有時候）2Iletherborrowmybook.Shemademepromisetowriteeveryday.Theteacheroftenhashisstudentsreadaloudinclass.feelhearseewatchIsawhertalktohernewfriends.wouldrather hadbetterwhynotIwouldrathergoswimming.YouhadbettertidyyourbedroomWhynotvisityourcousininJapan?注：感官動詞后可以接 v-ing如：Isawhertalktohernewfriend.( 見證談話的整個過程)Isawhertalkingtohernewfriend. 一定見證整個談話過程)當有and,or,except,but,than,ratherthan, 連接兩個動詞不定式時后一個不定式往往省略 to。Shetoldmetobecheerfulandlookonthebrightside.Doyouwanttogoshoppingorwatchafilm?WehadnothingtodobutwatchTV?Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone.三V-ing 作名詞V-ing可以充當名詞用?？梢员挥米觯鹤鲋髡Z（指一般性的動作）Swimmingisgoodforyourhealth.做賓語（指一般性的動作）Iloveswimmingintheseaduringthesummer.介詞之后如：Ikeepfitbyswimmingeveryday.物主代詞之后Herswimminghasimprovedsinceshestartedtrainingeveryday.注：如果所談論的人比較明確，那么物主代詞可以省略。如：Thankyouforcoming.組成復合名詞Thereisashoeintheswimmingpool.2．以下動詞后面接v-ingAdmit dislike imagine delay consider mind avoid enjoy practice miss finish keep suggest以下常用詞組后面接 v-ingWouldyou mind cannot help look forward to feel likecannotstand itisnouse/good putoff keepon3Wouldyoumindhelpingmewithmyhomework?Icannothelpwonderingwhyshedoesnotlikeme.Ilookforwardtoseeingyouattheparty.Idon’tfeellikedoinganythingnow.Shecannotstandseeingthatboy.Ithinkitisnousecryingaboutyourexamresultsnow.Ihadtoputoffshoppingforawhile.Hekeptonaskingmeformyphonenumber.以下動詞后面可以接 v-ing 或todo，意思上幾乎沒有區(qū)別。Continue prefer begin hate like start一些動詞后面既可以接 v-ing，也可以接todo，但意義和用法上有區(qū)別在使用時要確保形式的正確。如，forget regret remember mean try goforget+todo( 事情還沒做)Heforgottoclosethedoorwhenheleft.Forget+doing )I’llneverforgetwinningmyfirstgoldmedal.第二單元一V-ing 充當形容詞或副詞v-ing 可作：定語v-ing Thiswillhavealastingeffect.有時候會把一個副詞放在v-ing 前。如：Thatwasanextremelyinterestingspeech.v-ing 可以和副詞或名詞構(gòu)成復合詞。Thefast-growingeconomyhascausedenvironmentalproblems.Awood-burningstoveisenvironmentallyfriendly.v-ing 可以放在名詞后，像定語從句一樣修飾名詞，v-ing 還可以被改成定語句。peoplerunningthesefactoriesareveryconcernedabouttheenvironment.=Peoplewhorunthesefactoriesareveryconcernedabouttheenvironment.表語Thisdestructionisfrightening.賓語補足語Weallfoundhisargumentconvincingandinteresting.v-ing 可放在stand,sit,lie 的后面，表示動作同時發(fā)生。4如：Theystoodtalkingtoeachother.=Theystoodwhentheyweretalkingtoeachother.v-ing有完成時態(tài)，如，havingworkedHavingworkedsidebysidewithmanyenvironmentalistsIknowthatahealthyenvironmentandstableeconomyshouldbepossibleatthesametime.二V-ing 短語v-ing Theysattheresmiling.Theysattheresmilingateachother.v-ing 短語可以表示：時間AskingaroundIfindmanypeoplewillingtopayslightlyhigherpricesforthingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.askaround,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayslightlyhigherpricesforthingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.Havingobservedtheproblemfor manyyears, heannouncedthat wearenowfacing thebiggest environmental problemofourtime. =After heobservedtheproblemfor manyyears, heannouncedthat wearenowfacing thebiggestenvironmentalproblemofourtime.原因Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenetshopingtoavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.=Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenets,becausewehopetoavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.結(jié)果Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirtyThefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke.Asaresult,theairismadedirty.條件如：Preparing fully, wecanachievegreatthings. =If wepreparefully,wecanachievegreatthings.2．連詞+v-ing 也可以來表示時間。常用的連詞有： when whenever onceuntil如：totakeenvironmental protection into consideration developingtheeconomy.v-ing 從句的邏輯主語通常和主句的主語一致。如：Hetraveledontheplanelikethis,keepingthetortoiseinablanket. =Whenhetraveled ontheplane like this, hekept thetortoisehiddeninablanket.4．否定形式是：not+v-ing5Hesatthere,notknowingwhattosay.第三單元一V-ed形式v-ed在句中可以充當形容詞和副詞的用法。v-ed可以被用作：定語v-ed放在名詞的前面，像形容詞一樣修飾名詞。 V-ed可以改成定語從句。如：If Ihadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbaby.=if Ihadthechance,Iwouldhaveababywhoiscloned.大部分名詞前的v-ed 表達被動的含義。但有些 v-ed 表達過去的含義，如，escaped retired fallen 。比較下面的短語：表被動：thehighlypraisedscientist(Thescientisthasbeenhighlypraised.)表過去：theretiredscientist(Thescientisthasretired.)有時候可以把副詞放在 v-ed之前如：well-trainedteachersv-ed 可以和副詞或名詞連用構(gòu)成復合詞。如：underdevelopedregion handmadefurniturev-ed可以像定語從句一樣放在名詞后修飾名詞。如：Ithinkthescientificadvancesmentionedinyourarticleareinteresting.=Ithinkthescientificadvancesthatarementionedinyourarticleareinteresting.表語MygrandfatherwasdelightedtohearIpassedmyexams.賓語補足語Aftertherobbery,theyfoundthefrontwindowsbroken.v-ed可以接在動詞后面表示動作同時發(fā)生。如： standsitlie如：Shelay trapped underthebuilding for three days.(Shelaythereandwastrapped.)二V-ed短語v-ed短語可以是v-ed單獨使用，也可以后面接賓語和 /或狀語如：Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed.Shelefttherestaurant,disappointedwiththebadservice.．表被動的v-ed短語可以表示：時間如：Thescientist hascopiedaassisted byrecent in medicalscience. =Thescientist hascopieda humancell, andat thattimewasassistedbyrecentadvancesinmedicalscience.6原因如：Shockedbythearticle, thealetter tothenewspaper.=Thewomanwrotealettertothenewspaperbecauseshewasshockedbythearticle.3) 條件如：Treatedwith electricity, thecell tissue will split into parts.=Ifitistreatedwithelectricity,thecelltissuewillsplitintoseveralparts.v-edthescientistwhowasassistedbyrecentadvancesinmedicalsciencethewomanwhowasshockedbythearticlethe