2023屆高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題復(fù)習(xí)講義

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題復(fù)習(xí)

一、幾個(gè)基本概念1.下列各句子中哪個(gè)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？（用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)，一般出現(xiàn)在主語(yǔ)之后）1）．簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother.2).復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成．Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.

You’dbetternottakethebookoutofthereading-room.Wearegoingtocallonhimtonight.

Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.2.為什么需要使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中一個(gè)基本規(guī)則：句子由主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成．一個(gè)句子只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在已有謂語(yǔ)卻無(wú)連詞的情況下，其它動(dòng)詞都必須以非謂語(yǔ)的形式出現(xiàn)。觀察下列句子，該句表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤在何處？Maryfoundhercarstolen，shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.（錯(cuò)誤句子）按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，正確的句子形式為：1）Maryfoundhercarstolen.Shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.（用兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子）2）Maryfoundhercarstolen,soshehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.（使用連詞并表達(dá)出句子間的關(guān)系）3）Mary,whofoundhercarstolen,hurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.

（使用具有連詞性質(zhì)的關(guān)系詞，定語(yǔ)從句）4）Findinghercarstolen,Maryhurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.（使用非謂語(yǔ)）例句：Seenfromthemountain,thecitylooksmuchmorebeautiful.Seeingfromthemountain,Ifindthecitymuchmorebeautiful.Toseethecityfromthemountain,Iclimbedtothetopofit.3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本形式和含義

todo

目的、將來(lái)

doing

主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行

done

被動(dòng)、完成

分析句子正誤并改正。A.1)Thebridgefelldownsuddenly.（正）2)Thebridgebuiltlastyear.（誤）

3）Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.（正）4)Thebridgewasbuiltlastyearfelldownsuddenly.（誤）正確句子：Thebridgebuiltlastyearfelldownsuddenly.B.1)Thereweremanystudents.（正）2)Thereweremanystudentsjoinintheparty.（誤）3)Thereweremanystudentsjoinedintheparty.（誤）正確句子：Thereweremanystudentsjoiningintheparty.例：Findinghercarstolen,

D

.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelp

B.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhere

D.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp★★★特別提示：使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞首先要注意哪三點(diǎn)？1.句子有謂語(yǔ)、無(wú)連詞2.找主語(yǔ)

3.根據(jù)主語(yǔ)判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系

4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各種時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的含義、充當(dāng)?shù)某煞菁笆褂孟拗疲ㄕ?qǐng)務(wù)必在括號(hào)中簡(jiǎn)要注明用法提示）A.1)LiMingissaidtostudyabroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhewillstudyin.（不定式的一般式，將要做。主補(bǔ))2)LiMingissaidtobestudyingabroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiesin.(不定式的進(jìn)行式，正在做。主補(bǔ))3)LiMingissaidtohavestudiedabroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.(不定式的完成式，已經(jīng)做,先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。主補(bǔ))B.1)Theproblemdiscussedjustnowisofgreatimportance.

（被動(dòng)兼完成，做定語(yǔ)。不做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)）2)Theproblembeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.（正在被…，通常不做狀語(yǔ)，做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用done）3)Theproblemtobediscussednextisofgreatimportance.（將要被…）C.1)Thedoctorwasintheemergencyroomallnight,givinganoperationonapatient.(現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)形式的一般式，做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)進(jìn)行)2)Havinggivenasatisfactoryoperationonthepatient,thedoctorbelievedhewouldrecoversoon.(先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，主動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于after…，意為“在……后”，做時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)等，不做主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ))3)Havingbeengivenasatisfactoryoperation,thepatientrecoveredfromillnessveryquickly.(先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，被動(dòng)兼完成，常用done代替，意為“在……后”，同上，不做主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ))二、填空練習(xí)（試分析以下所有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞荩?.選擇填空1)Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney(discovered;tobediscovered)inthelibrary.（定語(yǔ)）2)Thebuilding(beingbuilt;built)nowisourfutureclassroom.（定語(yǔ)）3)Hisfirstbook(tobepublished;beingpublished)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.

（定語(yǔ)）4)(Writing;Havingwritten)thecomposition,Johnhandedittotheteacherandwentout.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）5)(Havingbeentold;Havingtold)manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstand.（讓步狀語(yǔ)）6)Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,(causing;havingcaused)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）7)(Laughingat;Beinglaughedat)othersisimpolite.（動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式做主語(yǔ)）8)(Laughingat;Beinglaughedat)isanunpleasantexperience.（動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式做主語(yǔ)）2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞填空1)Shecaughtthestudentcheating(cheat)inexams.

(賓補(bǔ))

2)WhenIgotthere,Ifoundhimrepairing(repair)farmtools.

(賓補(bǔ))

3)WhenIgotthere,Ifoundthefarmtoolsrepaired.

(repair)(賓補(bǔ))

4)Painted（油漆成）red,thebuildingstandsoutamongtherestandlooksveryattractive.(paint)（原因狀語(yǔ)）5)Heworkedsohardthathegothispayraised.

(raise)(賓補(bǔ))

6)Themissingboyswerelastseenplaying(play)neartheriver.

(主補(bǔ))

7)Compared(compare)withtheoldone,thenewbuildinglooksmorebeautiful.

（狀語(yǔ)）

8)Theworkershadthemachin