英語學(xué)習(xí)-英語語音基礎(chǔ)知識

第一章英語語音基礎(chǔ)知識一．關(guān)于語音的幾個概念1字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2音標(biāo)：詞的語音形式。3音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素，分為元音音素和輔音音素兩大類。其中元音音素20個，輔音音素28個。元音：發(fā)音時聲帶振動，呼出的氣流通過口腔時不受阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱作元音。元音發(fā)音響亮，口腔中氣流不受阻礙，是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20個元音。

輔音：不論聲帶振動與否，發(fā)聲時呼出的氣流通過口腔或鼻腔時受到一定阻礙，這樣的語音稱為輔音。輔音發(fā)音不響亮，口腔中氣流受到阻礙，不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28個輔音。（其中包括[ts]、[dz]、[tr]、[dr]）。4音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand5開音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音+ename，bike;b)輔音+元音he,go,hi6閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音bad,,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+輔音it7重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。二.元音：[i:]sea,he,see,piece,ceiling[i]sit,build,miss,myth[e]bed,desk,head[?]bad,land,bank,stamp[a:]fast,class,plant,calm[?]hot,want[?:]door,sport,warm,bought[u:]good,who,blue,soup[u]look,put,women,could[∧]cup,come,blood,rough[?:]girl,work,serve,nurse[?]ago,forget,dollar,doctor,famous[ei]cake,they,play,eight,great[ai]bike,light,try,find,height,eye[?u]phone,cold,boat,soul,grow[au]house,town[?i]boy,oil[i?]dear,idea,deer,here,fierce[ε?]pear,care,there,fair[u?]tour,poor三.容易混淆的元音1)[e][?]bed--badmen--manpen--panlend--land2)[i:][ei]real--railgreet--greatmean--mainread--raid3)[e][ai]bet--bitered--writesaid--sidehead--hide4)[au][?:]house—horseloud—lordsouth--saucenow--nor5)[au][∧]found--fondgown--gonedown--don四.輔音[p]pen,picnic[b]bed,big，break[t]tell,student[d]day,played,wanted[k]cold,sky,quick,back,accept,[g]big,go,guess,language[m]man，milk[n]nine,knife,autumn[η]bank,uncle,English,sing,[r]read,write,[l]land,world，luck[f]five,cough,laugh[v]voice,of，live[h]hot,who,hour[θ]think,thank[s]sit,miss,science,case,scarf[e]this,bathe[z]zoo,close,[з]pleasure，treasure[∫]sure,she,social,nation[w]wall,what,answer[j]Yes，yield，yell[t∫]child,teach,catch[dз]joke,bridge[ts]boats，students[dz]goods，boards[tr]tree，trip[dr]dream，drop五.容易混淆的輔音1)[v]-[w]vet–wetvest--west;vine--wine;very--well2)[s]-[θ]sink—thinksort–thoughtmiss—mythmass--math3)[z]-[e]closing—clothingbreeze—breathebays--bathes4)[n]-[η]thin–thingsin–singwin—wingran--rang六.讀音規(guī)則1)重讀音節(jié)：bageggfishnotcup2)非重讀音節(jié)[?]banana,student,today,afterEg：′stu-dent′Chi-na′sec-ond′au-tumnin-′deed七.特殊讀音1.音的連讀：在連貫地說話或朗讀時,在同一個意群(即短語或從句)中,如果相鄰的兩個詞前者以輔音音素結(jié)尾,后者以元音音素開頭,就要自然地將輔音和元音相拼,構(gòu)成一個音節(jié),這就是連讀。連讀時的音節(jié)一般不重讀,只需順其自然地一帶而過,不可以加音,也不可以讀得太重。如:notatall這個短語。連讀時聽起來就像是一個單詞。注意:連讀只發(fā)生在句子中的同一個意群中。在兩個意群之間即使有兩個相鄰的輔音和元音出現(xiàn),也不可連讀。如:Pleasetakealookatit.這個句子中takealookatit是同一個意群,那么take與a可連讀,look與at可連讀,at與it可連讀。其中最常見的是連音r，即拼寫中一個詞尾不發(fā)音的字母r，碰到后一個詞的詞首是元音，將r與后面的元音連讀。如；hereare；foureggs；在Thereisabookinit.一句中There和is連讀，book與in往往不連讀,因為book與in分別在兩個不同的意群中。Eg：notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall，afterall2.失去爆破：所謂失爆（或者爆破），是指當(dāng)[p]，[b]，[t]，[d]，[k]，[^]連貫出現(xiàn)在同一單詞內(nèi)部或連貫出現(xiàn)在前一單詞結(jié)尾與后一單詞開頭，有前一個要嘎然而止，只做口型不發(fā)其音。如黑板，blackboard.blackboard中[k]失爆了，因為它后面的[b]也是爆破音。sitdown-si(t)down,似乎聽不到任何人會把sit的[t]音完完整整地發(fā)出來,這個音幾乎必然地永遠(yuǎn)失去。Eg：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob中的[d]失去爆破，只做口型不發(fā)其音。3.音的同化：當(dāng)兩個音放在一起時會有同化現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生。如：wouldyou中[d]和[j]讀成[dз]Can'tyouseeit?中[t]和[j]讀成[t∫]Missyou中[s]和[j]讀成[∫]八.重音1.單詞重音A)雙音節(jié)詞a)一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀。letter,sorryb)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前綴的詞，第二個音節(jié)是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'latec)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān),一般名詞的重音在第一個音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tentd)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的詞，有兩個重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'warB)多音節(jié)詞a)一般倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment,c)詞尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個音節(jié)上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tectived)詞尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette2.句子重音A)英語的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重B)英語句子的長短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字?jǐn)?shù)目決定的。C)實詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀(冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關(guān)系代詞，相互代詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞和系動詞be.D)實詞不重讀的特殊情況a)實詞第二次出現(xiàn)Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.b)一個名詞被第二個名詞修飾Imetherintherailwaystation.c)代替詞Whichbookdoyouwant?Thesmallone.d)感嘆詞中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!e)street在專有名詞中WangfujingStreet.f)this在這些短語中，thismorning/afternoon/eveningE)虛詞重讀的特殊情況a)情態(tài)動詞，助動詞和系動詞be在句首，句尾和否定時。Doyoulikeit?Yes,Ido.Areyouadoctor?Yes,Iam.Canyouhelpme?Yes,Ican.Idon'tlikeyou.Heisn'taworker.b)情態(tài)動詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時。Theymaycomethisevening.Canitbefivealready?Hemustbeintheroom.c)介詞在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.d)引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句的連詞在句首。Ifyouwish,I'llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I'lltellhim.e)反身代詞表示強調(diào)。Hecouldn'tcomehimself.Tonguetwisters（繞口令）Of/i:/and/i/Quickkiss,quickerkiss,quickestkiss.IfeelIneedacupofweakgreentea.Thegeesewerefeedinggreenleavesbeneaththetrees.Weeatmeat,peas,beansandcheeseforourthreemeals.Of/e/and/?/Saywellanddowell,endwithoneletter;Saywellisgood,dowellisbetter.Whereareyougoing,mylittlecat?I’mgoingtotowntobuyanewhat.Of/?:/,/?/and/Λ/Thefirstearlybirdheardanearlywormstirintheearth.Theworkerinadirtyshirtworksinthefirstworkshop.ThegirlislearningGermaninearnest.Butterandsugarandeggsandflour,Butyounevermustopentotheovendoor.Of/?:/,/Λ/and/ɑ:/AlargecartpassedMartin’sgardenoffhisguard.Thehardheartedguardstoodinthedark.Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonderwhatyouare!Asyourbrightandtinyspark,LightsthetravelerinthedarkOf/u:/,/u/Thecookunderstoodthatthesugarwasnogood.Helookedatagoodcooktocookthegoodfood.AtnooninJunewhenthebloomstheydroop,Andtheroofingskyisblue,AndthedovestheycroonthroughthegloomofthetreesExercises：Abigblackbearbitthebackofabigblackpig.Thenabigblackbugbitthebackofthebigblackbear.Andwhenthebigblackbugbitthebigblackbear,thebigblackpigbitbackthebigblackbear.Shesellsseashellsbytheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Soifshesellsshellsontheseashells.Iamsureshesellsseashoreshells.Springbringsmanycharmingthing:Birdsareflying,Lambsaredancing,Flowersblossoming,TreesarebuddingLarksaresaying:“Goodmorning”.Mothermetamonkeyinthemiddleofthemarketandmakeamailboxofmoney.IfmanymenknewwhatmanymenknowIfmanymenwentwheremanymengo,Ifmanymendidwhatmanymendo,Theworldwouldbebetter;Ithinkso,don’tyou?Nickysawbluelightatnight?Thelicearenotnice.Theladhadanaponhislap.Heknockedatthelockeddoor.Letthenetgo.Thecookbakedacake.Thecakeislikearock.Cookcookedacupofcoldcreamycustard.ThecarefulcountrycookcouldkeephiscoatcleaninmakingcookiesfortheKingandQueen.PeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledpeppers.DidPeterPiperpickapeckofpickledpeppers?IfPeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledpeppers,whereisthepeckofpickledpeppersPeterPiperpicked?AtnoonItookabookAndsatbythepoolneartheschool.IsoontookoffmyshoeAndputmyfootinthepool.Butterandsugarandeggsandflour,Beatthem,andyoubeatthem,forhalfanhour;Bakethecakeforanhourormore,Butyounevermustopentotheovendoor.第二章英語常用口語第一節(jié)、日常交際1、課堂交流1.Comein,please.請進(jìn)！

2.Sitdown.坐下！

3.Standup,please.請站起來。

4.Openyourbook,please.請把書打開。

5.Closeyourbook,please.請把書合上。

6.Don’topenyourbook.別打開書。

7.（Doyou）understand?/Areyouclear?你明白了嗎？

8.Yes,Iunderstand.是的，我明白了。

9.No,Idon’tunderstand.不，我不明白。

10.Listenandrepeat.先聽，然后再重復(fù)一遍。

11.Nowread,please.現(xiàn)在請大家讀。

12.That’’sfine.好得很好。

13.It’stimetobegin.到開始的時候了。

14.Let’sbeginnow.現(xiàn)在讓我們開始。

15.ThisisLessonOne.這是第一課。16.Anyvolunteers?有自愿（回答問題）的嗎？17.That’sall.Thankyou.就到這兒了。多謝！2、日常交際（1）介紹1.Hello.I’mTom.你好，我叫湯姆。2.Robin,thisisTom,myclassmate.羅賓，這是湯姆，我的同學(xué)。3.AllowmetointroduceMr.Smith,thepresidentofHenan請允許我為大家介紹河南大學(xué)校長史密斯先生。4.Nicetomeetyou。很高興認(rèn)識你。5.What’syourname?你叫什么名字？

677.MynameisJones.我姓瓊斯。

78.What’syourfirstname?你的名字叫什么？

798.MyfirstnameisBill.我的名字叫比爾。

809.Howdoyouspellyourlastname?你的姓怎么拼法？

810.Jones.J-O-N-E-S.瓊斯，J－O－N－E－S。

8211.What’syourfriend’sname?你的朋友叫什么名字？

8312.HisnameisJohnSmith.他叫約翰、史密斯。

8413.JohnandIareoldfriends.我和約翰是老朋友了。

8514.AreyouJohn’sbrother?你是約翰的兄弟嗎？

8615.No,I’mnot.不，我不是。

8716.ThisisMr.Jones.這是瓊斯先生。

8817.Howdoyoudo?你好！

8918.Mrs.Jones,thisisMr.JohnSmith.瓊斯夫人，這是約翰、史密斯先生。

9019.Verypleasetomeetyou.見到您很高興。（2）問候1.Hello.你好！

2.Goodmorning.早晨好！

3.I’mJohnSmith.我是約翰、史密斯。

4.AreyouBillJones?你是比爾、瓊斯嗎？

5.Yes,Iam.是的，我是。

6.Howareyou?你好嗎？

7.Fine,thanks.很好，謝謝。

8.HowisHelen?海倫好嗎？

9.She’sverywell,thankyou.她很好，謝謝您。

10.Goodafternoon,Mr.Green.午安，格林先生。

11.Goodevening,Mrs.Brown.晚上好，布朗夫人。

12.Howareyouthisevening?今晚上您好嗎？

13.Goodnight,John.晚安，約翰。

14.Good-bye,Bill.再見，比爾。

15.Seeyoutomorrow.明天見.16.Howdoyoudo.你好（陌生人）17.Howareyou?/How’reyoudoing?/How’severythinggoing?過得怎么樣？（朋友）18.Fine,thankyou.Andyou?/Notbad.Howaboutyou很好。謝謝。你呢？/還不錯，你怎么樣？19.Whatbroughtyouhere?是什么風(fēng)把你吹來的？20.Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.我沒想到會在這里看見你。21.Hi,longtimenosee.嗨，好久不見。22.Whatapleasantsurprise!Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.真叫人驚喜！我好久沒看到你了。23.HowwasyourtriptoHongKong?你到香港玩得怎樣？歷年真題：1.Hi,mark!Howareyougettingonthesedays?（2007.12B級）2.W:Hi,Alice,howiseverythingwithyou?M:Asbusyasusual.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromthedialogue?（2005.12B級）3.I’msogladtomeetyouhere,Janet.（2004.12B級）（3）感謝Thankyouforyourhelp.I’mverygratefultoyouforyourhelp./Ireallyappreciateyouhelp.對您的幫助表示萬分感謝。You’rewelcome./Don’tmentionit./It’sOK./It’smypleasure.不用謝歷年真題：Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.（2006.12B級）（4）致歉Excuseme.請原諒。I'mterriblysorryaboutthat.為此我非常抱歉。Pleaseacceptmysincereapology.請接受我誠心誠意的道歉。I'mafraidi'vebroughtyoualotoftrouble.恐怕我給你帶來了不少麻煩。I'msorryforwhati'vedone.我為我的所作所為向你道歉。Mymistake.itwon'thappenagain.是我的錯，不會再發(fā)生類似的事情了。Noproblem.weallmakemistakes.沒問題，人人都有犯錯的時候。Forgetit.忘掉它吧。Nevermind.無所謂。Itreallydoesn'tmatteratall.真的沒關(guān)系。（5）問路Excuseme.Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstation?/Whereisthebusstation?Sorrytotroubleyou,butcouldyoudirectmetothebusstation?/Canyoutellmethewaytothebusstation?打擾一下，請問到汽車站怎么走？IsthistheroadtotheCityHall?這是去市政廳的路嗎？Excuseme.HowcanIgettothenearestpostoffice?請問去最近的郵局怎么走？Gostraightaheadforthreeblocks,turnleftonthe45th朝前走四個街區(qū)，左轉(zhuǎn)到45大道，再走大約10分鐘，火車站就在你右邊。你一定能找到。Sorry.Ihavenoidea.Idon’tlivehere.抱歉，我不知道。我不住這。歷年真題：Excuseme,howcanIgettothepostoffice?（2004.6B級）M:CouldyoutellmewhereIcanfindapublicphone?W:Youcanfindoneinthebigstoreacrossthestreet.Q:Wherecanthemanfindapublicphone?(2005.12A級)（6）詢問天氣Howistheweathertoday?/What'stheweatherliketoday?今天天氣怎么樣？Itlookslikeit'sgoingtobesunny.今天看來像是個晴天。Yes,it'smuchbetterthanyesterday.是的，比昨天好多了。Theysaywe'regoingtogetsomerainlater.據(jù)說待會兒要下雨。Oh,let'sjusthopeitstayswarm.哦，我只希望一直暖和下去。Itseemstobeclearingup.看來天要放晴了。Beautifulday,isn'tit?今天天氣真好，是不是?歷年真題：1.What’stheweatherlikeinyourcity?（2008.12B級）2.M:It’sverycoldthismorning.W:Youareright.It’smuchcolderthanyesterday.Q:What’theweatherlikethismorning?（2007.6B級）3.W:Isitstillsnowingoutside?M:Yes,itis.We’dbetterwaituntilitstops.Q:What’stheweatherlikenow?（2004.12B級）4.M:WinteristhebesttimetovisittheNortheast.Becausethesnowthereissobeautiful.W:You’rerightthisiswhyweareplanningtogotherenextweek.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?(2006.12A級)（7）談?wù)搶W(xué)習(xí)Whatisyourmajor?你是什么專業(yè)？Whatisyourfavoritesubject?你最喜歡什么課程？Howmanycoursesdoyouhaveforthissemester?你們這學(xué)期上幾門課？Sixarecompulsory,twooptional.:六門必學(xué)，兩門選修。Whatdoes"mph"standfor?:“mph”代表什么？It's"milesperhour".:每小時英里數(shù)。You'llhavetotakeamake-upexaminlogic.你邏輯學(xué)要補考。Studyhard,otherwiseyou'llfail.:努力學(xué)習(xí)，不然你會不及格的Hegetsfullmarkinthisquiz.:這次考試他得了滿分。Youshouldn'thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.你不該犯這么嚴(yán)重的錯誤。Notbad.HisEnglishhasbeenimprovedgreatly.不錯，他進(jìn)步很快。（8）談?wù)搻酆肐'dlikegoingfishinginmysparetime.我的業(yè)余愛好是釣魚。

SometimesIliketogotoschoolbybike.我有時騎自行車上學(xué)。Joggingismyfavoritepastime.慢跑是我的業(yè)余愛好。Whatdoyoudowhenyouhavefreetime?你業(yè)余愛好是什么？

Whatdoyoudoinyoursparetime?你業(yè)余愛好是什么？Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?你最喜歡的電影是什么？Iamnotinterestedincollectingstamps。我對集郵不感興趣。（9）談?wù)擄嬍矯anyoufollowme,please?請隨我來。Here’syourtable.Isitallright?這兒是你的桌子。行嗎？Areyoureadytoorder,sir?你準(zhǔn)備點菜了嗎？MayItakeyourorder?點菜嗎？Andanyvegetables?要點蔬菜嗎？Whatkindoffishdoyouprefer?你喜歡那種魚？Pleaseshowmethemenu.請把菜單給我看。Whatareyourspecialities?你們有什么特色菜。（10）談?wù)摻】礗'vegotaheadacheandafever,mynosewon'tstoprunning,andeverythinghurts.我頭痛、發(fā)燒、流鼻涕，渾身疼。Manypeoplearebreakingdownthesedaysduetoworkingstress.許多人因為工作壓力而垮了。I'vegainedmuchweightrecently.Ihavetogoonadiet.最近胖了許多，我得節(jié)食了。Yougavemeyourcold.你把感冒傳給我了。Youareinagoodshape.你身體非常健康。（11）談?wù)摻煌℉egotaticketyesterday.他得到一張?zhí)幜P單。Youranaredlight.你闖紅燈了。Younearlyranintothebus.你差點撞上那輛公共汽車。It'srushhournow.Let'stakeataxi.現(xiàn)在是高峰期，坐出租車吧。Therearetrafficjamseverywhere.到處都塞車。（12）頻率Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你來這里多長時間了？Whenwillyougraduate?你什么時候畢業(yè)？Howoftendoyougotothetrainingclass?你多長時間去一次培訓(xùn)班？I’vebeherefor5years.我來這里5年了。Twiceaweek.一周兩次。歷年真題：1.WhendoItakemywintervacation?（2008.6B級）2.Howoftendoyougoonline?（2007.12B級）3.Whattimedoyouusuallygotowork?（2007.6B級）4.W:WhattimeshouldIcheckoutifIleavethehoteltomorrow?M:Anytimetomorrowmorning,madam.Q:Whenwillthewomancheckout?（2006.6B級）5.Mr.Smith,howoftendoyougetthismagazine?（2004.6B級）6.M:HowlonghaveyoubeenhereinChina?W:Ijustcameaweekago.I’llbehereforthreemoreweeks.Q:WhendidthemancometoChina?(2007.12A級)7.M:Howlongwillittaketogetmycomputerfixed?W:Itshouldnotbelongerthan3days.I’llcallyouwhenit’sOK.Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?(2006.6A級)（13）個人情緒表達(dá)懊悔懊悔WhatafoolishthingI'vedone!我怎么做了這么一件蠢事呢！HowstupidIam.我怎么這么傻呢！Whyhadn'tIthoughtofit?為什么我就沒想到呢？HowcouldImissit!我怎么錯過了這個機會呢！WhydidItellhimthesethings?我怎么會告訴他這些事情呢？緊張情緒Youseemtohaveantsinyourpants.你看上去心神不安。Iwasonpinsandneedles.我急得如坐針氈。I'msonervous.It'smyfirsttimetospeakbeforethepublic.我好緊張，這是我第一次在公眾場合說話。Takeiteasy.Takeadeepbreath.別緊張，深呼吸。I'msonervous.Icanhardlybreathe.我太緊張了，簡直不能呼吸。Idon'tdaretogointothepresident'soffice.Mylegsaretrembling.我不敢走進(jìn)總統(tǒng)的辦公室，我的腿在發(fā)抖。抱怨Oh,no!Porkagain?I'mfedupwithit.Can'twehaveadecentmeal?噢，又吃豬肉？我已經(jīng)厭倦了。我們能不能吃一頓像樣的飯嗎？Shoppingagain?Oh,I'vehadenough.又要購物？我已經(jīng)受夠了。Whydoyoupinchyournose?Ijustcan'tstandtheodor.Itstinks.你為什么捏著鼻子？我簡直受不了這氣味，臭死了。Todayisnotmyday.Ilostmywallet.今天真倒霉，把錢包弄丟了。Whatluck!We'verunoutofgas.真倒霉!汽油用光了。。道歉/原諒I’msorry.對不起Pleaseforgivemeforbeinglate.請原諒我遲到了。ThatOK./It’sallright./It’snothing.沒關(guān)系。Noexcuse!/I’mtiredofyourexcuses.廢話少說。Ihavetoexcusemyselfamoment.失陪一下。Goahead./Ofcourse.請便。祝賀Congratulationonyourpromotion.恭喜您高升！Thankyou./It’sniceofyoutosayso.謝謝歷年真題：Congratulationonyourgettingthejob,Tom.（2004.6B級）表達(dá)希望/愿望Wishyousuccessthere!祝你成功！I’dliketobeaproductdesigner.我想成為產(chǎn)品設(shè)計師。MerryChristmas!Happybirthday/Easter/NewYear!圣誕/生日/復(fù)活節(jié)/新年快樂！表示請求Couldyoupleasedomeafavor?/Iwonderifyoucoulddomeafavor?你能幫我個忙嗎？Yes,ofcourse./I’llgladto.當(dāng)然可以。I’drathernot.不行。Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?你介意我開窗嗎？Ofcoursenot./No.Goahead.不介意,開吧。Sorry,butit’salittlecoldoutside.抱歉，我介意，外面有點冷。Iwonderifyoucouldlendmesomemoney.你能借我點錢嗎？I’dliketo,butIalsoneedalotofmoney.我很想借給你，但是我自己也需要很多錢。CanIgotothemovietonight?我今晚能去看電影嗎？Certainlyyoucan./Whynot?當(dāng)然可以。I’mafraidyoucan’t.恐怕不行。Noway.沒門。歷年真題：1.Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?（2008.12B級）2.It’sgettingdark.Wouldyoupleaseturnonthelight?3.Wouldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutthemachine?（2005.12B級）4.W:Mike,mayIusethetelephonehere?M:Sure,andlocalcallsarefreehere.Q:whatdoesthemansayaboutthelocalcalls?（2005.12B級）5.Couldyougetusanotherroomonthisfloor?（2004.12B級）6.M:MayIclosethewindow?W:Yes,please.It’stoonoisyoutside.Q:Whatwillthemando?(2008.12A級)7.M:Excuseme,wouldyoumindifIuseyourphone?W:Sure,it’sonthetableoverthere.Q:Whatdidthemanmean?(2006.12A級)8.M:CouldyousendourpricelisttoBrownCompany?W:Certainly.I’lldoitrightaway.ShouldIsenditbyairmail?Q:Whatisthemanlikelytodo?(2005.12A級)9.M:Excuseme,wouldmindifIuseyourcomputer?W:Helpyourself.It’sonthetableoverthere.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?(2004.6A級)喜歡/不喜歡Whatdoyoulikedoingthen?你喜歡做什么？Ilikedancing,paintingandfishing.我喜歡跳舞，繪畫，釣魚。Whichfooddoyoulikebetter,westernorChinese?你喜歡西方食物還是東方的？歷年真題：1.W:Doyoulikeyournewjob?M:Yes,Ilikeitverymuch.Q:Howdoesthewomanfeelabouthernewjob?（2008.12B級）2.M:Iprefercoffeetotea,whataboutyou,Jane?W:Justwater.Q:Whatwillthewomanliketohave?（2008.6B級）3.Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea?（2006.6B級）詢問/發(fā)表意見/建議Whatdoyouthinkofhisnewjob/thismagazine?你認(rèn)為他的新工作/這份雜志怎樣？CouldIaskyouforsomeadviceaboutmysuit?您覺得我這身套裝怎么樣?What’syouropinionaboutitscolor?您認(rèn)為它的顏色怎樣？Whataboutgoingtothepark?去公園如何？Idon'tthinkyoushouldquarrelwithyourmother.我認(rèn)為你不應(yīng)該跟你媽媽吵架。IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotsmoke.我要是你的話，就不抽煙。Whatdoyouthinkofyourmanager?Heisabigwig.他是一個大人物。Ican'tbelieveI'velostthegame!Beagoodsport.想不到那場比賽我輸了。――有點風(fēng)度吧！Heisahen-peckedhusband.他是個妻管嚴(yán)。Sheisawetblanket.她使人掃興。Heisayes-man.他是個和事佬。Heisalltalkbutnoaction.他只有空談沒有行動。Heisverycheap/generous.他很小氣/大方。歷年真題：1.Whatdoyouthinkofyourboss?（2008.12B級）2.It’safineday,whynotgotothezoo?（2008.6B級）3.M:Mymobilephonedoesn’twork.W:Whydon’tyouhaveitrepaired?Q:What’sthewoman’ssuggestion?（2007.12B級）4.M:Whatdoyouthinkofyournewboss?W:Idon’tlikehim.Heistooserious.（2007.6B級）Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherhernewboss?（2007.6B級）5.W:Shallwehavethemeetingat10o’clockonWednesdaymorning?M:Wednesdaymorningat10it’sO.K.forme.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?（2005.12B級）6.Shallwemeetagaintodiscussitfurther?（2006.12B級）7.I’mgoingtomakesomecoffee.Wouldyoulikesome?（2005.6B級）8.W:Jackisill.You’dbettercallthedoctor.M:Sure,I’lldoitrightaway.Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydo?（2005.6B級）9.W:Well,Mr.Black.Whatdoyouthinkoffastfood?M:Oh,Idon’tlikeit.Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkoffastfood?（2005.6B級）10.W:Whatdoyouthinkofournewboss?M:Sheiskindandpatient.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofhernewboss?（2005.6B級）11.Sally,whatdoyouthinkoftheplay?（2004.12B級）12.M:Willyougivemeyoure-mailaddresssothatIcansendyoumyreply?W:Whynotcallme,sinceyouhavemyphonenumber?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?(2006.6A級)13.M:Whatdoyouthinkofournewmanager?W:He’sverynice,andquiteexperienced.Q:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthemanager?(2005.12A級)14.M:I’msotired.Idon’tthinkIcanfinishthisreport.W:Gohomenow.Leavethatonetome.Q:Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?(2005.6A級)15.M:Whatdoyouthinkofthenovel?W:It’sveryinteresting.Icouldn’thelpreadingittimeagain.Q:Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthenovel?(2005.6A級)表示拒絕Myhandsarefullnow.SorryIcan'thelpyou.我正忙著呢，很抱歉不能幫你忙。Canyoulendmemoney?Noway.可以借錢給我嗎？沒門兒。Sheinvitedme,butIturnedherdown.她請了我，但我拒絕了她。Ican'tdothat.我不能那樣做。Youwantmetohelpyoucheatintheexam.It'simpossible.你要我?guī)湍憧荚囎鞅?，那是不可能的。?4）打電話Hello.MayIspeaktoMr.Brown?您好，我找布朗先生。Yes,thisishespeaking.你好，我就是。Holdthelineamoment,please.請稍等。Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage?你能留個言嗎？Willyouaskhimtocallmebacklater?您能讓他晚會給我打過來嗎?WouldyouconnectmewithMr.LeeintheInternationalDepartment?您能幫我接一下國際部的李先生嗎？歷年真題：1.Hello!MayIspeaktoBillplease?（2007.12B級）2.CanIspeaktoSusan?（2006.12B級）3.Mr.Wang,shallItakeamessagefromyou?（2005.12B級）4.M:CouldIspeaktoMissGreen,please?It’sfromthetravelagency.W:Oh,sorry,sheisnotintheoffice.Shecalledmeupfromthebankjustnow.Q:WhereisMissGreenmostprobablynow?(2007.12A級)5.M:Hi,thisisMaryspeaking.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Iliketoknowwhenmyorderwillbedelivered.Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?(2005.6A級)第二節(jié)二、業(yè)務(wù)交際1、一般涉外活動交際（1）迎送Gladtomeetyou.WelcometoourCorporation！歡迎來我公司！Doyouhaveyourallluggagehere？你所有的行李都在這兒嗎？Wehaveacartotakeyoutoourhotel.我們用車送你到賓館。Haveyouhadyourticketconfirmedalready？你已經(jīng)訂票了嗎？Happylanding?。℉aveahappy/goodtrip！）旅途愉快！Let'skeepintouch.！保持聯(lián)絡(luò)?。?）日程、活動安排Julie,istheconferenceroomavailabletodayat4:00p.m?Julie,下午四點會議室能用嗎？Didyouchecktheappointmentbook?你查過登記本嗎？WellthebooksaysJaniceisusingitfrom4:00to4:30butIjusttalkedtoherandshesaidsheisn’tgoingtouseit.本子上登記著Janice四點到四點半用會議室，我剛剛見到她，她說她不用了。Iwisheveryonewouldjustusethebookconsistently.Thenyouwouldn’tallhavetocometome.我希望每個人都堅持使用登記本。那么你就沒有必要來找我了。Sorryaboutthat,Julie.SocanIuseit,then?對不起，Julie.我能用是嗎？Sure.Doyouneedanoverheadprojectororanything?當(dāng)然。你需要用投影儀嗎？ActuallyIhaveaPowerPointpresentationonmylaptop.Cansomeonehelpmeplugitintotheconferenceroompresentationsystem?我在手提電腦里有一份PowerPoint演示文件.有人可以幫我把它連接到會議室的演示系統(tǒng)上去嗎?I’llgetsomeonescheduledforthat.

Anythingelse?

我安排人去做。還有別的事嗎？Nope.That’sit.沒有。就這些了。Soletmejustconfirmeverythingandrecorditinthebook.MarkwillbeusingtheconferenceroomThursdaythe16thfrom4:00to…whendidyousay?

我們確認(rèn)一下，把它們記錄在登記本上。Mark在星期四也就是十六日要用會議室，從四點到。。。。。。你說什么時間？That’sok.Let’sseethen.Youneeditfrom4:00to6:00andbeforethatyouneedsomeonetoassistyouinsettinguptheaudiovideosystem.Isthatright?

這樣的話。我們看看。你要用會議室，四點到六點。在此之前你需要有人幫助你調(diào)試好音像設(shè)備。（3）住宿安排ImadeareservationinTaipei.我在臺北已預(yù)訂房間。Ishotwateravailableanytime?隨時都有熱水供應(yīng)嗎?Wouldyoufillinthisregistrationform?麻煩填寫這張住宿登記表。Thisisroom316.I'dlikeablanket,please.這是316號房。我想要一件毛毯。CanIgetaticketforthesight-seeingbushere?是否可在此購買觀光巴士券?Pleasebringmesomeicecubesandwater.請送給我一些冰塊和水。Couldyoubringmybaggagedowntothelobbytomorrowmorning?明早你是否能幫我將行李拿到大廳?Sure.Whattimeareyouleaving?當(dāng)然。你何時離開?At8o'clock.8點。ThenI'llgotoyourroomat7:50.那我將在7點50分到你的房間。Ihavethreepiecesofbaggage.我總共有3件行李。Pleaseleavethemoutsideyourroomtomorrowmorning.明早，請將行李放在你的門口。I'dliketocheckout.Mybill,please.我要退房。請給我?guī)巍anIpaybycreditcard?是否能以信用卡付帳?（4）宴請與迎送MayIhaveamenu,please？請給我菜單。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrinkbeforedinner在用晚餐前想喝些什么嗎？Whatisthespecialtyofthehouse？餐廳最特別的菜式是什么？I'monadiet.我正在節(jié)食中。Howdoyoulikeyoursteak？你的牛排要如何烹調(diào)？Welldone(medium/rare),please.全熟(五分熟/全生)。Couldyourecommendsomegoodwine？是否可建議一些不錯的酒？歷年真題：1.W:Wouldyouliketoseethemenu,madam?M:Oh,yes,whatistoday’sspecialfood?Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?（2006.6B級）2.M:Hello,sir.MayItakeyourordernow?W:Sorry,Ihaven’tdecidedyet.Afriendofmineiscoming.Q:What’stheprobablyrelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?(2007.6A級)3.M:Madam,whatareyougoingtoorder?W:Justacupofcoffeeandasandwich.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?(2004.6A級)（5）陪同購物、游覽與就診Let'sgowindow-shopping!我們?nèi)ス浣职?！Thenextitemonthelistshouldbesometoilettissue.我們需要買一些衛(wèi)生紙。Pricesaredifferent,soshoparoundbyallmeans.價格都不一樣，所以不管怎樣先貨比三家。May/CanIhelpyou?您想買點什么？Howmuchisthis?/Howmucharethese?/Atwhatpricedoyousellthis?/What'sthepriceforthis/these?/MayIknowthepriceofthisdress？請問這（衣服）多少錢？Thisdressis55dollars.Iwanttotrythison.我想試試這件。It'stoosmallbigshortlongtightlooseforme.我穿著太小/大/短/長/緊/松。I'msorry.Wedon'thavethatinyoursize.對不起，我們沒有您要的尺寸。/I'mafraidwe'reoutofthatitem.恐怕那種貨已經(jīng)賣完了。Thisisjustmysize.這剛好符合我的尺寸。CanIexchange/refunditifitdoesn'tfit?如果穿起來不合身，可以來換/退嗎？Sure.Butjustkeepthereceipt,please.Bringyourreceipttothecustomerservice,andtheywillexchange/refundyou.可以。但您得保存好收據(jù)。拿著你收據(jù)到顧客服務(wù)臺，他們會給您退錢。Howareyougoingtopay?Cash,checkorcharge?你打算怎樣付款，現(xiàn)金、支票，還是賒帳？歷年真題：M:CanIrentaroomfortwoweeks?I’mnotsurewhetherI’llstayforawholemonth.W:Yes.It’s＄150aweekbutonly＄400amonth.Q:Howmuchwillthemanpayifherentstheroomfortwoweeks?(2004.12A級)2、一般涉外業(yè)務(wù)交際（1）公司、工廠歷史、現(xiàn)狀等介紹FranklinCompanyPe