工程類畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯-淺談房屋建筑施工中的質(zhì)量管理及工程管理畢業(yè)外文翻譯-建筑項目招投標(biāo)

BuildingconstructionqualitymanagementAbstract：adheretothequalityfirst,improvethemanagementlevel,improvethequalityofconstructionisthekey,onlytomeettherequiredqualitystandardsanduserrequirementsunderthepremiseofquality,timelimitforaproject,cost,tomeettherequirements,toprovidemorehigh-quality,safe,economicalandapplicablebuildingproducts.Basedonthis,thebuildingconstructionqualitymanagementof.Keywords:housingconstructionbuildingconstructionqualitymanagement1strengthentraining,selectionofconstructionpersonnelislayingthequalitycontrolpersonnelfoundationEngineeringqualitywereallparticipantsintheprojectconstructiontechnologymanagement,operatingpersonnelcoordinationworkresults,soconstructionworkersistoformthemainfactorofprojectquality.Tocontroltheengineeringqualityfirstisthetrainingandselectionofconstructionpersonnel,improvingtheircomprehensivequality.Weshouldimprovetheirqualityawareness,accordingtocomprehensivequalityregardlessofideaconstructionpersonnelmustestablishfiveconcepts:theconceptofqualityfirst,pre-controlpriorityidea,talkwithdataconceptandsocialbenefitandenterprisebenefitandcomprehensivebenefitidea.Thesecondistheconstructionofthetechnicalqualityofpersonnel,management,constructionpersonnelshouldhavehigherqualityplanningandmanagementcapacity,productionpersonnelshouldhavesuperbtechnicalability,bestrictinone'sdemandsofthestyleofwork,strictimplementationofqualitystandardsandproceduresofthelegalconcept,servicepersonnelshoulddogoodtechnologyandservicelife,canbewithexcellentserviceindirectlytoensureengineeringquality.2givefullplaytoQCqualitycontrolfunctionAccordingto"theanti-seizurecombination,preventionfirst"principleiscarriedoutactively"tell,help,anti,card"scientificexaminationmethod,andtheconstructionpersonneltogether,commontotheownersofconstructionprocess,responsible,qualitycontrolpersonnel,users,theconstructionpersonneltoestablishnewrelationsofcooperation,qualityinspectionstaffandtheconstructionsiteoperationspersonnelisconsistent,itistoprovideuserswithhighquality,satisfactionofbuildingproducts.Buttheconstructionproductionisbusy,tosnatchtheprojectscheduleisloosenqualitymanagementtendencyoccurs.Thisledtocheckthequalityoftheprojectischeckedwithcontradictionsbetween.Togivefullplaytotheinitiativeofthestafftocheckthequalityoftheproject,itisnecessarytoestablishtheauthorityofthequalityinspectionpersonnel,itisverynecessaryandimportant.3followingacaseanalysisgraduallyqualitymanagement,engineeringsurvey:TheterritoryofHechiabuildingfortheundergroundlayer,onthegroundtwenty-two,twenty-fivebuildings,coversanareaof2550.4squaremeters,buildingatotalheightof79.950meters,constructionareaof4008squaremetersunderground,ontheground36855squaremeters,balconyareais1570.1squaremeters;themaindesignreasonableservicelifeis50years;buildingfiregradetwo,seismicfortificationintensityis7degrees,frameaseismicgradetwo;thegroundfloortothegroundfloorthreelayer2-Aaxis2-6axisand2-17axisshortlimbshearwallseismicratingforaclass,therestofshearwallseismicgradetwo.Theprojectusesthebaseformofprestressedhigh-strengthconcretepipepile,structuretypeforthecast-in-placereinforcedconcreteframeshearwallstructure.4constructionmanagementOntheconstructionqualitymanagement,mainlyinvolvesthreeaspects,oneisaboutthedesign,surveyanddocumentreviewmanagement.Ondesign,reconnaissanceunitqualitybehaviorandresultsoftheactivitiesofthesupervision,theemphasisisplacedonthedesign,surveyanddocumentreviewsupervisorycontrol.Iftheviolationoftherelevantlaws,regulationsandmandatorystandardsforthedesignandsurveydocuments,canbethroughdirecteconomicpenaltiesandlegalsanctions,enablingdirectresponsibilityassumedbytheerrorcausedbynegligenceorintentionalqualityresponsibility.Twooftheactivitiesofthebiddingmanagement,focusesontheconstructionbiddingsupervision,marketsupervisionandqualitysupervisiontheeffectiveintegration,throughthequalitysupervisiontopromotethemarketcompetitionandstandardizationofthebenignoperation,effectivelythroughmarketoperation,toensurethevalidityofqualitysupervision.Threeisthetextofthecontractsupervision,isthefocusofconstructioncontractsupervision,qualitymanagementstandardizationandlegalizationtofulfilthetermsofthecontract,thelegaleffectofcontractbindingtheconstructionqualityandresults.Byanalyzingthethreeaspectsofexaminationandsupervision,toachievethegovernment'sconstructionqualityoftheimplementationprocesscontrolandsupervision.Beforetheconstruction,inthefinalanalysisistheemphasisofqualitymanagementforownersofqualitybehaviormanagement,becausetheownerofalltheseactivitiesoftheorganizers,decisionmakers,whichisthestandardconstructionownerqualitybehaviorandresultsoftheactivitiesoftheimportantmeasures.5constructionmanagement5.1LrawmaterialsqualitycontrolMaterialqualityengineeringconstructionqualityisthekey,useofrawmaterialsdoesnotmeettherequirementsofengineering,engineeringqualitycannotmeettherequirements.Therefore,intheconstructionqualitycontrolofstopbeforeconstructiononmaterialqualitycontrol,toensurethequalityofmaterials,inordertoimproveconstructionquality.Forthecontrolofmaterials,firstofalltothecommonmaterialsupplynecessaryaudit,selectqualifiedsuppliersforthesupplyofmaterials.Secondly,toapproachthenecessaryinspectionofrawmaterials,including:qualityinspectionreportoftheinspection,theinspectionofappearance,physicalandchemicalinspectioninspection.Throughaseriesofteststoensurethequalityoftherawmaterialsentering.5.2proceduresandtimelimitcontrolToimplementthehandoverinspectionsystem,ontheproceduresofunqualifiedshallenterintonextworkingprocedureconstruction.Atthesametimeconstructionqualityaffectedbyseasons,thereasonablearrangementofconstructionscheduleistoensuretheengineeringqualityareimportantmeasures,andblindlyrushperiodwillinevitablyleadtoseriousconsequences.Qualitycontrolstepistoestablishqualitycontrol,selectedkeyandkeytechnologytoundertakethekeyischecked,thetwoistostrengthentheoperationofthemanagement,projectqualityisgoodorbad,dependstosomeextentontheconstructionofpersonneloperationlevel.5.3increaseon-siteinspectionsQualitymanagementintheconstructionsiteshouldstrivetograspfirst-handinformation,andstrivetoachievethetimelycontrol,fortheoccurrenceoftheproblemmustaccomplishearlydiscovery,earlycorrectionofbadoldpracticesdiehard,avoid,avoidlargeloss.Forexample,inthemasonrytiebarexamination,iftakenafterthecompletionofamasonryopeningexamination,isnoteasytocheck,andtoidentifytheproblemsarealsodifficulttoremedy,butintheon-siteinspectioninatimelymannertosolve,canavoidbiggerloss,butalsoeasytogetthecooperation.Theentityqualityinspectionmethodsshouldadoptscientificmonitoringinstrumentsandequipment,toprovideaccurate,reliableandconvincingdata,strengthenthegovernmentengineeringqualitysupervisionandinspectionofscientificandauthoritative.Throughthesupervision,toensuretheimplementationofmandatorystandards,ensuretheconstructionoflaw,regulationsandstandardcarryout,frommacroscopicaloverallgrasptheconstructionprojectqualityandstructuresafety.Inaddition,instrengtheningprogrammanagementatthesametime,wemuststrengthenthetechnicalcontrol.Technologycontrolmethodusingstandardevaluationmethodisbetter.Evaluationofstandardmethodsaremainlyasfollows:oneistheonsitequalityassuranceconditionexaminationandevaluation,twoisthecompletionoftheprojectthedetectionresultsoftheexaminationandevaluation,threeisonsitequalityassurancedataexaminationandevaluation,fourofengineeringentitysizedeviationofthemeasured,fiveisforthecompletionofengineeringthemacrovisualinspectionevaluation.5.4afterthecompletionofthemanagementAfterthecompletionofthequalitymanagementofconstructionprojectsisputintousecheckmanagement.Firstofalltoensurethatdonotmeetthequalitystandardsoftheprojectcannotbeputintouse,avoidinferiorprojecttothestateandpublicuserscausedirectharmandinfluence.Thesecondisthedecoration,repairandmaintenanceofqualitysupervisioninconstructionprojectwholelifequalitymanagementcategory:oneistoeliminateorreduceduetorenovation,maintenanceprocesscausedbyirregularitiesontheconstructionengineeringfoundation,bodystructureandenvironmentalquality,damage,causequalityaccident.Twoispreventedduetorepair,maintenancequalityisnotuptotherequirementstothestateandpublicusersproductionandlivingenvironmentcausedbydirectdamage.Atthisstageofthesupervisionshouldbeemphasizedgoodtwoclose:itisstrictlyforitscompletionandacceptancereview,supervision,toensurethattheregistrationofthereliability,authorityandeffectiveness.Twoistoenhancethedecoration,maintenanceofqualitymanagementintheprocess,sothatconstructionprojectwholelifequalityobjectivesareeffectiveimplementation,foruserstocreateasafe,comfortable,healthyproduction,livingenvironment,sothattheconstructionqualityandrealizingthesustainabledevelopment.Advocatingandimplementingprojectqualityinsurance,theprojectqualitymanagementintoeconomicmanagementcategory,tosolveengineeringafterthedeliveryofqualityproblemtenantstofindtheresponsiblepartyforanymenacefromthe"rear".Thisphaseistheprojectbyconstructiontouseorproductionofmark;isonengineeringqualityinspectionthenecessarylink;istheguaranteecontracttaskisfinishedintheround,improveprojectqualityleveloffinalchecks.Theunitafterthecompletionoftheproject,mustundertakethefinalinspectionandtest.Unitengineeringtechnicalpersoninchargeshouldbepreparedforthedemandsofinformationcollectedmaterials,equipment,componentqualitycertificateofmaterials,avarietyofmaterialtestdata,recordofconcealedwork,constructionrecordsrecords.Bythetechnicaldirectorofprojectorganizationprojecttechnology,quality,productionandotherrelevantprofessionalandtechnicalpersonneltothesceneinspectionandevaluation.Toidentifytheconstructionqualitydefectsshouldbecorrected,andshouldbecorrectedonceagainaftertheverificationtodemonstrateconformity.Toensureengineeringqualityaccordwithmandatorystandarddesigndocumentsandtherequirementsofthecontract,theemployer,theMinistryofsupervisionoftheprojectcompletionreport.Attendedbytheconstructionunitoftheorganizationofthemainpartiesinvolvedinthecompletionofinitialinspection,acceptanceprocedure.endingProject,quality,thequalityofhousingconstructionrelatedtopeople'sdailylifeandthesafetyoflifeandproperty.Inrecentyears,thehousingqualityproblemshavealreadybecomethefocusofpublicattention,annual3.15consumerrightsday,ChinaConsumersAssociationpublishedbyconsumercomplaintsthelargestofthetenmajorcategoriesofcommodities,thehousingqualityproblemsatthefront.Therefore,constructionmanagementinmanyaspects,qualitymanagementisthekeyandcore.Onlydoagoodjobinbuildingengineeringconstructionqualityplanningandhousingconstructionqualitycontrol,tocreatemorequalityengineering.Reference.[1]BuildingEngineering(ConstructionManagement)[J].JournalofTaizhouPolytechnicCollege.[2]WangYan.Payingattentiontoconstructionmanagement"twopiecesofskins"phenomenon[J].Managementofconstructionenterprises.[3]LinYihong,LiYuanying.Toimproveconstructionqualityseveralponders[J].Shanxibuilding,2005,31(1):127-128.[4]BuNarui,WangLiwen,LiWanqin.Discussiononconstructionmanagement[J].JournalofHebeiInstituteofArchitectureandCivilEngineering,2002,(02).HuZhenghua[5].Theeraofknowledgeeconomytheconstructionmanagement[J].Parathiondesignandpowderengineering,2005,(06).[6].ZhengJingqiu.InfuluencingthecontrcutionqulityofEngineeringfivefsctors[J].Shanxibuilding.2005,31(1):135-136.淺談房屋建筑施工中的質(zhì)量管理摘要：堅持質(zhì)量第一、提高管理水平,是提高建筑工程質(zhì)量關(guān)鍵之所在,只有在符合規(guī)定的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和用戶要求的前提下,滿足質(zhì)量、工期、成本等要求,才能為社會提供更多的優(yōu)質(zhì)、安全、經(jīng)濟適用的建筑產(chǎn)品。本文基于此,對房屋建筑施工中的質(zhì)量管理進行了相關(guān)探討。關(guān)鍵詞：房屋建筑建筑施工質(zhì)量管理1強化培訓(xùn)、優(yōu)選施工人員是奠定質(zhì)量控制的人才基礎(chǔ)工程質(zhì)量是所有參加工程項目施工的技術(shù)管理干部、操作人員協(xié)調(diào)工作的結(jié)果，所以施工人員是形成工程質(zhì)量的主要因素。要控制工程質(zhì)量首先是培訓(xùn)和優(yōu)選施工人員，提高他們的綜合素質(zhì)。首先應(yīng)提高他們的質(zhì)量意識，按照全面質(zhì)量不管的觀念施工人員必須樹立五大觀念：質(zhì)量第一的觀念、預(yù)控為主的觀念、用數(shù)據(jù)說話的觀念以及社會效益與企業(yè)效益并重的綜合效益觀念。其次是施工人員的技術(shù)素質(zhì)，管理干部、施工人員都應(yīng)具有較高的進行質(zhì)量規(guī)劃和目標(biāo)管理的能力，生產(chǎn)人員則應(yīng)具有精湛的技術(shù)能力，一絲不茍的工作作風(fēng)，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和操作規(guī)程的法制觀念，服務(wù)人員則應(yīng)做好技術(shù)和生活服務(wù)，能以出色的服務(wù)間接地保證工程質(zhì)量。2充分發(fā)揮質(zhì)檢人員質(zhì)量檢查控制作用按照“防檢結(jié)合，預(yù)防為主”的原則積極推行“講、幫、防、卡”的科學(xué)檢查方法，與施工人員一道，共同對業(yè)主，對下道施工工序負責(zé)，質(zhì)檢人員、用戶、施工人員要建立新型的合作關(guān)系，質(zhì)量檢查人員和施工現(xiàn)場作業(yè)人員目標(biāo)是一致的，都是為向用戶提供高質(zhì)量，滿意的建筑產(chǎn)品。但施工生產(chǎn)較忙的時候，為搶工程進度就放松質(zhì)量管理的傾向時有發(fā)生。這導(dǎo)致了工程質(zhì)量檢查與被檢查之間產(chǎn)生矛盾。要充分發(fā)揮工程質(zhì)量檢查人員的積極性，就要樹立質(zhì)量檢查人員的權(quán)威性，這是十分必要和重要的。3以一案例逐步剖析質(zhì)量管理，工程概況河池境內(nèi)某大廈工程為地下一層、地上二十二、二十五層建筑,占地面積為2550.4平方米,建筑總高度為79.950米,建筑面積為地下4008平方米,地上36855平方米,陽臺面積為1570.1平方米;設(shè)計主體合理使用年限為50年;建筑耐火等級二級,抗震設(shè)防烈度為7度,框架抗震等級二級;地下一層至地上三層2-A軸交2-6軸及2-17軸上的短肢剪力墻抗震等級為一級,其余剪力墻抗震等級為二級。該工程采用基礎(chǔ)形式為預(yù)應(yīng)力高強混凝土管樁,結(jié)構(gòu)類型為現(xiàn)澆鋼筋砼框架-剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)。4施工前的管理對施工前的質(zhì)量管理,主要涉及三個方面,一是對有關(guān)設(shè)計、勘察文件審查的管理。對設(shè)計、勘察單位的質(zhì)量行為和活動結(jié)果的監(jiān)督,重點是放在對設(shè)計、勘察文件的審查監(jiān)督把關(guān)上。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)其違犯有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)和強制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的設(shè)計和勘察文件,可以通過直接的經(jīng)濟處罰和法律制裁,使直接責(zé)任主體承擔(dān)由其失誤疏忽或有意所造成的質(zhì)量責(zé)任。二是對招投標(biāo)活動的管理,重點是施工招投標(biāo)的監(jiān)督,實現(xiàn)市場監(jiān)督與質(zhì)量監(jiān)督的有效結(jié)合,通過質(zhì)量監(jiān)督審查促進市場競爭的規(guī)范化和良性運轉(zhuǎn),通過市場有效運作,保證質(zhì)量監(jiān)督的有效性。三是對合同文本的監(jiān)督,重點是施工合同的監(jiān)督,把質(zhì)量管理的規(guī)范化和法制化落實到合同條款中,以合同的法律效力約束各建設(shè)主體的質(zhì)量行為和活動結(jié)果。通過對這三方面的內(nèi)容的審查監(jiān)督,實現(xiàn)政府對建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量實施過程的預(yù)控監(jiān)督。施工前質(zhì)量管理的重點歸根到底是對業(yè)主質(zhì)量行為的管理,因為業(yè)主是所有這些活動的組織者、決策者,這也是規(guī)范建設(shè)業(yè)主質(zhì)量行為和活動結(jié)果的重要措施。5施工中的管理5.1原材料質(zhì)量控制材料質(zhì)量是工程施工質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵,工程使用原材料不符合規(guī)定,工程質(zhì)量不可能符合要求。因此,在工程施工質(zhì)量控制中不許再施工前對材料進行質(zhì)量控制,保證材料質(zhì)量,以此提高工程施工質(zhì)量。對于材料的控制,首先要對材料供應(yīng)常見進行必要的審核,選擇具有資質(zhì)的供應(yīng)廠家進行材料的供應(yīng)。其次,要對進場原料進行必要的檢驗,包括:質(zhì)量檢驗報告單的檢查、外觀的檢查、理化檢驗的檢查等等。通過一系列的檢驗來保證進場原料的質(zhì)量。5.2工序與工期控制要落實交接檢制度,上道工序不合格不得進入下一道工序施工。同時建筑工程質(zhì)量受季節(jié)影響,合理安排施工進度是保證工程質(zhì)量的重要措施,而盲目搶工期必然造成嚴(yán)重后果。實現(xiàn)質(zhì)量控制步驟一是設(shè)立質(zhì)量控制點,選定關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)和重點工藝進行重點檢查,二是強化對操作人員的管理,工程質(zhì)量的好與壞,在一定程度上取決于施工人員的操作水平的高低。5.3加大現(xiàn)場巡查力度1）質(zhì)量管理人員在施工現(xiàn)場要力爭掌握第一手資料,努力實現(xiàn)及時控制,對發(fā)生的問題務(wù)必做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早糾正,避免積重難返,避免大的返工損失。比如,砌體工程中的拉結(jié)筋的檢查,若采取砌體完成后開洞檢查,一是不易檢查,還有就是查出問題也難以補救,但在現(xiàn)場巡查中及時予以解決,既能避免較大損失,也易得到承包商的合作。2）現(xiàn)場實體質(zhì)量的檢查方式應(yīng)采用科學(xué)的監(jiān)測儀器和設(shè)備,提供準(zhǔn)確可靠、有說服力的數(shù)據(jù),增強政府工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢查的科學(xué)性和權(quán)威性。通過監(jiān)督抽查,保證強制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的貫徹執(zhí)行,保證建筑法律、法規(guī)和規(guī)范的貫徹落實,從宏觀整體上把握建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量和結(jié)構(gòu)使用安全。另外,在加強程序管理的同時,必須加強技術(shù)控制。技術(shù)控制的方法采用評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法比較好。評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法主要有如下幾點:一是對施工現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量保證條件的檢查評價,二是對工程竣工檢測結(jié)果的檢查評價,三是對現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量保證資料的檢查評價,四是對工程實體的尺寸偏差的實測,五是對完工后的工程實體的宏觀觀感檢查評價。5.4竣工后的管理1）竣工后的質(zhì)量管理是建設(shè)工程投入使用的把關(guān)管理。首先要保證不符合質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的工程不能投入使用,避免低劣工程對國家和公共使用者造成直接的危害和影響。其次是把裝修、維修和維護的質(zhì)量監(jiān)督納入建設(shè)工程全壽命質(zhì)量管理的范疇:一是要杜絕或減少由于裝修、維護過程中的違規(guī)行為造成對已有建設(shè)工程地基基礎(chǔ)、主體結(jié)構(gòu)和環(huán)境質(zhì)量的破壞,引發(fā)質(zhì)量事故。二是避免由于維修、維護的質(zhì)量達不到要求給國家和公眾用戶的生產(chǎn)生活環(huán)境造成直接損失。在這一階段的監(jiān)督應(yīng)著重把好兩關(guān):一是嚴(yán)格對其竣工驗收備案的審查、監(jiān)督,確保備案登記的可靠性、權(quán)威性和有效性。二是加強對裝修、維護過程中的質(zhì)量管理,使建設(shè)工程全壽命期內(nèi)的質(zhì)量目標(biāo)得到有效實現(xiàn),為用戶創(chuàng)造安全、舒適、健康的生產(chǎn)、生活環(huán)境,使建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大力提倡和推行工程質(zhì)量保險,將工程質(zhì)量管理納入經(jīng)濟管理的范疇,以解決工程交付使用后發(fā)生質(zhì)量問題住戶找不到責(zé)任方的后顧之憂。

2）這一階段是工程項目由建設(shè)轉(zhuǎn)入使用或投產(chǎn)的標(biāo)志;是對工程質(zhì)量進行檢驗的必要環(huán)節(jié);是保證合同任務(wù)全面完成、提高工程質(zhì)量水平的最后把關(guān)。單位工程竣工后,必須進行最終檢驗和實驗。單位工程技術(shù)負責(zé)人應(yīng)按編制竣工資料的要求收集整理材料、設(shè)備、構(gòu)件的質(zhì)量合格證明材料,各種材料的實驗檢驗資料、隱蔽工程記錄、施工記錄等質(zhì)量記錄。由項目技術(shù)負責(zé)人組織項目的技術(shù)、質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)等有關(guān)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員到現(xiàn)場進行檢驗評定。對查出的施工質(zhì)量缺陷應(yīng)予以糾正,并且應(yīng)在糾正后再次驗證以證實其符合性。確認(rèn)工程質(zhì)量符合強制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計文件及合同要求,向發(fā)包人、監(jiān)理部提出工程竣工報告。參加由建設(shè)單位組織的各方主體參與的竣工初驗、驗收程序。結(jié)束語百年大計，質(zhì)量為本，房屋建筑工程的質(zhì)量關(guān)系到人們?nèi)粘Ｉ詈蜕敭a(chǎn)安全。近幾年，住房質(zhì)量問題已經(jīng)成為公眾關(guān)心的焦點，每年的3.15消費者權(quán)益日，中國消費者協(xié)會公布的被消費者投訴最多的十大類商品中，房屋住宅質(zhì)量問題高居前位。因此，在工程施工管理人眾多方面中，質(zhì)量管理是關(guān)鍵和核心。只有做好房屋工程施工質(zhì)量策劃和房屋建筑工程施工質(zhì)量控制，才能造出更多的優(yōu)質(zhì)工程。參考文獻:1.建筑工程(施工管理)[J].泰州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報.2.王言.關(guān)注施工管理“兩張皮”現(xiàn)象[J].施工企業(yè)管理.3.林軼紅,李遠瑛.提高建筑工程質(zhì)量的幾點思考[J].山西建筑,2005,31(1):127-128.4.卜娜蕊,王利文,李萬勤.淺談施工管理[J].河北建筑工程學(xué)院學(xué)報,2002,(02).5.胡正華.知識經(jīng)濟時代的施工管理淺析[J].硫磷設(shè)計與粉體工程,2005,(06).6.鄭景秋.談影響工程施工質(zhì)量的五大因素[J].山西建筑,2005,31(1):135-136.BuildingengineeringbiddingYangCaoa,*,ShuhuaWangb,HengLiaaDepartmentofBuildingandRealEstate,HongKongPolytechnicUniversity,HongKonbStateKeyLaboratoryofNovelSoftwareTechnology,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210093,ChinaAbstractNowadaysintheengineeringconstructionindustry,themarketwhichischaracteristicforprojectbidding,hasformed.Theconstructioncompanies,whichwanttocreategoodbenefits,havetocontroltheircostandimprovemanagementtoenhancethecapacityofadaptingandcompetinginthismarket.Thisarticlefocusesonhowtodecreasecostandincreaseincomesoastocontroltheconstructioncosteffectively.biddingdocumentsshouldbewellformulated,whichistheimprotmenttoasuccessfulbiddinganddirectinfluencethesuccessorfailureofthebiddingwork.Becasuethesuccessorfailureofthebiddingforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofenterprisehasadirectimpact,sowehaveahighquality,improvethebiddocumentsoftheunit,preventinvalidandsuccessfulpassmarkappear,becomearesearchtopic.[key]:biddingdrawbacksofunfaircompetitioncountermeasuresBiddingisaformofprojecttransactions,projectbiddingprocessistodeterminethesuccessfulbidderandthecostoftheprocessandthepriceoftheproject,projectbiddingworkofaveryimportantlink,doagoodjobbiddingtodeterminetheprice,wecaneffectivelycontrolconstructioncosts,andcreateafairandequitablemarketenvironment,createorderlycompetitionmechanism.Biddinginconstructionactivities,constructionenterprisesinordertotenderinvincibleworkstobesuccessful,Andfromthecontractedprojectsprofitable,itneedstointegratevarioussubjectiveandobjectiveconditions,thetenderresearchstrategydeterminetender.Tenderbiddingstrategy,includingpricingstrategiesandskills.Allofthestrategiesandskillsfromthenumerouscontractorsbiddingontheaccumulatedexperienceandobjectiveunderstandingofthelawandoftheactualsituationunderstanding,butalsowiththecontractor'sdecision-makingabilityandcouragearecloselyrelated.Biddingdocumentsisthegeneralprogrammeandplaybookofthebiddingactivitythroughtheprocessofbidding.ThebiddingdocumentswillspecifythatHowtoconducteachbiddingwork,howtodispatchbiddingdocuments,therequirementsfortenderer,howtorateanddecidebiddingandtheproceduresofbidding.Therefore,thepersonnelwhoisresponsibleforpreparebiddingdocumentsshouldfirsthaveageneralviewofthebiddingwork,includealltherequirementsandarrangementsintothebiddingdocuments.Ifmeetproblemsthathavenotbeenconsideredpreviously,thenresolvethemonebyoneduringthepreparation.Thecourseofbiddingdocumentspreparationisalsothecourseofmakingbiddingscheme.Inanotherrespect,biddingdocumentsisalsothelegalinstuments.Besidesrelevantlawandrules,thebiddingdocumentsarethecommongamerulesthatbidder,biddingagentandtenderershouldsubjecttothroughthebidding.Biddingdocumentsarethelegalinstumentsthatallthethreebiddingrelatedpartiesshouldsubjectto,havelegalforce,therefore,thebiddingdocuments-makingpersonnelrequiredtohavetheawarenessandqualityofleagalinordertoreflectthefair,justandlegalrequirementinthebiddingdocuments.InbuildingengineeringbiddinglawenforcementandthepracticeofprojectconstructionsupervisionsystemonstandardizingChina'sconstructionmarket,improvetheconstructionqualityandplayedanactiverole.Butintheprocessofimplementingexistsomedisadvantages,needstoperfect,enrichandimprove.ThisprojectbiddingdocumentsinaccordancewiththebiddinglawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaforbidders,biddingregulation,enterprisestrictly,putforwardtobiddersprofessionalrequirementsofprojectprofilewasillustrated.Nowadaysintheengineeringconstructionindustry,themarketwhichischaracteristicforprojectbidding,hasformed.Theconstructioncompanies,whichwanttocreategoodbenefits,havetocontroltheircostandimprovemanagementtoenhancethecapacityofadaptingandcompetinginthismarket.Thisarticlefocusesonhowtodecreasecostandincreaseincomesoastocontroltheconstructioncosteffectively.InbuildingengineeringbiddinglawenforcementandthepracticeofprojectconstructionsupervisionsystemonstandardizingChina'sconstructionmarket,improvetheconstructionqualityandplayedanactiverole.Butintheprocessofimplementingexistsomedisadvantages,needstoperfect,enrichandimprove.ThisprojectbiddingdocumentsinaccordancewiththebiddinglawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaforbidders,biddingregulation,enterprisestrictly,putforwardtobiddersprofessionalrequirementsofprojectprofilewasillustrated.Thepracticeofprojectbiddingpurposeistomarketcompetitionofopenness,fairnessandjustice.However,duetotheconstructionmarketdevelopmentisnotstandard,managementsystemandtheexperienceofinadequate,architecturalengineeringbiddinginconcreteoperationexistinACTSofunfaircompetition,andsomedrawbacks.Thisobviouslyviolatethebidding,thebiddingprocess,andwillloseitssignificanceforotherbidderfailstobidisunjust,disturbedthebidding(projectcontractingmarketeconomicorder,foractivities),thiskindofbehaviormustbeprohibited,onlyinthiswaycanwemakeconstructionengineeringcompetitivetradingactivitylawfullyhealthy.ThissubjectwillIlearnedandsocialpractice,presentsituationandconstructionprojectbiddingsystemisexpounded,andthedisadvantagesofbiddingforconstructionprojectwithACTSofunfaircompetitionphenomenonandanalysisofcauses,andfinallymakecorrespondingpreventivecountermeasures.Constructioncostmanagementsystem,boththeoreticaldiscussion,butalsoneedtopracticeinnovation.Undertheconditionsofmarketeconomy,projectcostmanagement,competitiveandorderlymarketforconstructionmanagementservicesplatformstructures.Insuchapremise,theoriginalscaleandmethodofvaluationisinappropriate,andthisneedstobereformedandimproved.Thespiritof"thegovernment'smacroregulationandcontrol,enterpriseautonomyoffer,themarketwillprice"principle,toimplementtheimplementationspecificationbillofquantity.InventoryValuationbiddingactivitiesarebasedonmarketeconomymechanism,basedonlegal,scientific,fair,openandreasonablewaytodeterminethewinningbidderofaneconomicactivity.Biddingisbiddingactivitiesconstitutetwobasicaspects.ThebiddingactivityismerelythatbybiddingtochoosetheonewiththeworkConstructionprocesscapability,moderatecost,qualityisexcellent,shortdurationofconstructionenterprises,andthisistheultimategoaltender.Ihaveparticipatedininternshipsoverthecourseoftheprojectbidding,andcompletedoverpartofthecalculationofquantities,combinedwithgraduateexperienceinthedesignprocess,abriefanalysisofthemodeQuantitiesCallforTenderThemeaningofriskandriskcharacteristicsofthegeneralconstruction,thelowestpricesealedbiddingconstructionmethodproducesseveralrisksandincentives,accordingtotheircharacteristicsdiscussedthefeasibilityofriskcontrolandprevention.Comparisonofengineeringandengineeringsecurityriskmanagement,insurance,similaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwoprojectsandbenefits;constructionprojectbiddingandtenderingprocesscharacteristicsofhumanbehaviorisanalyzedtorevealthebidder'sriskappetiteandbehavioralcharacteristicswithchangesintheexternalenvironmentchange,whenthedefaultpunishmentislight,thebidderpreferenceappetiteforriskanddefaultpenalties,withtheincreaseexceedsacertainvalue,theriskofbidderstoshowpreferenceforbehaviorchangetoavoidtheriskofpenalties,thegreaterthebidderbiasedinfavorofamorerisk-aversebehavior,theresultsofthecontrolandpreventionofriskbehaviorofbiddershasanimportantandpracticalsignificanceConstructionCostManagementfromthe"quantity-oneprice"planmodelto"priceofseparationvolume"modelofthemarket,andgraduallyestablishamarketprice-basedpriceformationmechanism,thepriceofthedecisioninthehandsofthepartiesinvolvedinthemarket,andultimatelytheallocationofresourcesthroughthemarketinordertorealizethroughthemarketmechanismtodecideonprojectcost.Thiswillstandardizetheconstructionmarket-competitivebehaviorandthepromotionofprojectbiddingmechanismsplayanimportantroleininnovation.Itcanbesaidthattheimplementationoftheprojectbillofquantitiesisaprojectcostmanagementsysteminourcountryabigstepforward,butalsoinChina'saccessiontotheWTO,theglobalconstructionindustryapowerfultoolforpeercompetition.Withtheconstructionofin-depthdevelopmentofthemarket,thetraditionalfixedpricingmodelnolongersuitedtomarket-orientedeconomicdevelopmentneeds.Inordertoadapttothecurrentprojectbiddingbythemarketneedsofaprojectcost,wemustworkontheexistingvaluationmethodsandpricingmodelforreform,theimplementationofprojectsbillpricing.Engineeringisalistofpricingmodelandadapttothemarketeconomy,allowingindependentcontractorpricingthroughmarketcompetitiondetermineprices,withtheinternationalpracticeofpricingmodel.Withthebillpricingmodelprojectstopromote,inaccordancewithinternationalbiddingpracticesisimperative.Therefore,"thelowestreasonablepriceofthesuccessfulbidder"Myfutureisthemostimportantevaluationmethods.AtthisstageduetotheimplementationofprojectsbillpricingmodelandtheproblemsmainlyagainstChinaatthisstage"intheminimumreasonablepriceoftheprinciplesofthesuccessfulbidder,mostcontractorshavenotyetsetuptheirownenterprisesofscale,companiesunabletodeterminethereasonableCost.Thisarticleisascientificandfastset"reasonablecost"tostudythekey.First,fromtheprojectcostofthebasicconcept,oftheengineeringbillpricingmodelunderthecoststructure,toaccuratelypredictcostsoftheprojectprovidedthebasis,consideringtheaveragecostofthesocialcosttoindividualenterprisesandthetenderstageofthecostestimates.Followedthroughonfuzzymathandtechnologyforsmoothin