湖南省長沙市重點中學2023-2024學年高一入學考試英語試題(無答案)

湖南師大附中2023級高一年級入學考試英語時量：90分鐘滿分：100分得分________一、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。AWaystoImproveVocabularyinJustOneDayTheaverageAmericanhasavocabularyinthethousands.Trythesetrickstomakesureyoursbuildsup.Watchmovies"Ifyouseethemovieversionofyourfavouritebookyou'relikelytohaveadeeperunderstandingandknowledgeofthewordsinit,"saysNeuman,professorofChildhoodandLiteracyEducationatNewYorkUniversity."Seeingandreadingsomethingonthesametopicisreallyimportant."ReadmagazinesIfyouwanttoimprovevocabulary,don'tjustflipthroughyourfavouritemagazine,reallyreadit.ListentohowwordssoundManypeoplewon'tremembertrickywordsunlesstheycomeacrossthemfrequently.Butifyouhearawordthatyouthinksoundsinteresting,youbecomewordconscious(有意識的)andstartusingityourself,saysNeuman.Joinabookclub"Bookclubsareawonderfulstrategytolearnnewwords,"saysNeuman.Notonlywillitforceyoutosetasidetimeinyourdaytoread,butit'salsoagoodwaytodiscoverbooksyoumightnotnormallybedrawnto.ListentotheradioThosetypesofprogramscanexposeyoutotopicsyoumaynotbefamiliarwith.Don'tmissthesemiddleschoolvocabularywordsadultsstilldon'tknow.PayattentiontoyoursurroundingsNexttimewalkdownabusystreetortakeawalkinthepark,trytodescribewhatyou'reseeingasmuchaspossibleinsideyourhead.Read,read,readEvenifyoudon'tstoptolookupeverysingleforeignword,chancesareyoucanimprovevocabularysimplybyfiguringout(想出)theirmeaningbasedonthecontext.1.Howmanytricksmentionedabovearethroughhearing?A.1. B.2. C.3 D.4.2.Accordingtothepassage-howwillyoufindsomespecialandunusualbooks?A.Byjoiningabookclub. B.Bylisteningtotheradio.C.Bywalkingaround. D.Bywatchingmovies.3.Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?A.Asportsmagazine. B.Asciencereport. C.Awebsite. D.Anovel.BInOctober,Itoldtheeight-year-oldsintheclassIteachinPomptonLakes.NewJersey,aboutmyplan."Sinceallofyouhavedoneextrajobsaroundthehousetocarnsomemoney,"Isaid,"thenwe'llbuyfoodforaThanksgivingdinnerforsomeonewhomightnothaveanicedinnerotherwise."Ihopedtheycouldexperienceasenseoftheirownpowertobringchange.Iwatchedthemwhiletheywalkedupanddownthesupermarket."Flowers!"Kristinecried.Thegrouprushedtowardstheholidayplants."Youcan'teatflowers."-Itwaswisertouseanyextramoneytobuysomethingthatcouldbeturnedintomeals."ButMrsSherlock,"camethebeggingvoice,"wewantflowers."Defeatedfinally,Iputapotof"funny"purplemums(菊花)inthecartfulloffoods."She'lllikethisone,"thechildrenagreed.Anorganizationhadgivenusthenameandaddressofaneedygrandmotherwhohadlivedaloneformanyyears.Wefinallypulledupinfrontofasmallhouse.Aslightly-builtwomanwithawearyfacecametothedoortowelcomeus.Mylittlegrouprantogetthefoods.As,eachboxwascarriedin,theoldwomankeptonsaying"Thanks."-muchtohervisitors'pleasure.WhenAmyputthemumsonthecounter,thewomanseemedsurprised.She'swishingitwasabagofrice,Ithought.Wereturnedtothecar.Aswefastenedourseatbelts,wecouldseethekitchenwindow.Thewomaninsidewavedgoodbye,thenturnedandwalkedacrosstheroom,pasttheturkey,pastthegoods,straighttothemums.Sheputherfaceinthem.Whensheraisedherhead,therewasasmileonherlips.Shewastransformed(轉變)beforeoureyes.Thechildrenwerequiet.Atthatmoment,theyhadseenforthemselvesthepowertheyhavetomakeanother'slifebetter.ThechildrenhadsensedthatsometimesapersonneedsapotoffunnypurpleflowersonadarkNovemberday.4.Whatistheauthor'splanaimedat?A.Helpingstudentsfocusontheirhappiness.B.Teachingstudentsthenecessityofdoinghousework.C.Lettingstudentsfeeltheirabilitytomakeadifference.D.Gettingstudentstoknowhowtobefinanciallyindependent.5.Whydidtheauthorconsiderthemums"funny"?A.Becauseshethoughttheyweretoougly.B.Becauseshethoughttheywereforchildren.C.Becauseshethoughttheyweretooexpensive.D.Becauseshethoughttheycouldn'thelppeopleinneed.6.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Theoldwomanpreferredfoodtoflowers.B.Flowersaremoreimportantthanfoodtothepoor.C.Theoldwoman'sdarkdaywasbrightenedbythechildren.D.Allthemoneythechildrenearnedwastransformedtofood.7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.APerfectLesson B.TheImportanceofGivingC.AHappyShoppingDay D.TheSecrettoHappinessCSummer2022wasahardtimeformany.HugeheatwavessweptacrossEuropeancountriesandpartsofChina.Theybroughtextreme(極端)hightemperaturesanddrought.Europehasexperienceditshottestsummersince1979.InSpain,temperaturesquicklyincreasedpast40℃anditwasoneofthehottestsummersonrecord:InItalyandGreece,temperatureshit38℃ormore.Europealsoexperienceditsmostseriousdroughtin500years.Thedryconditionsledtowildfires.Thelackofrainfallcausedwatershortages.Asaresult,waterusesbecameabigproblem.BackinChina,similarthingshappenedinthesummer.Heatwaveshitmanyplacesacrossthecountry.Chongqing'shighesttemperaturereached45℃,breakingitshistoricalrecord.InAugust,morethan20forestfireshappenedinthearea.Heatwavesaremoreharmfulthanyoumightexpect.Ifpeoplestayinhightemperaturesfortoolong,theheatwillharmtheirbodiesandmakepeoplefeelsick,passoutorevendie.Duringthe2003heatwaveinEurope,about70,000peopledied.Besidesthis,heatwavesmakesomeinfectiousdiseases(傳染病)evenmoreserious.What.causedtheextremeweatherevent?Scientistssaidclimatechangewaslikelytobethereason.Countriesandorganizationsaretakingactiontodealwithit.TheEuropeanUnionhassetitsgoaltoachievenet-zeroemissions(凈零排放)by2050.Chinaalsohasthegoalofpeakingcarbondioxideemission(碳排放達到峰值)before2030andachievingcarbonneutrality(碳中和)before2060.Manycountrieshavecarriedoutpolicies,likesupportinggreenenergyandmakingmoreefficientuseofenergy.8.Whathappenedlastsummerinthepassage?A.Manypeoplediedbecauseofheatwaves.B.Theworldfacedthehighesttemperaturesinhistory.C.Someinfectiousdiseasesbrokeout(爆發(fā))inEurope.D.HugeheatwavesaffectedEuropeancountriesandpartsofChina.9.Fromthepassage,whatproblemsdidheatwavesbring?①infectiousdiscase ②hightemperature ③drought ④heavyrainA.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①④10.Theunderlinedphrase"passout"probablymeans________inChinese.A.去世 B.經(jīng)過 C.流汗 D.暈倒11.Whatmightcausetheextremeweathereventaccordingtothepassage?A.Climatechange. B.Carbonneutrality.C.TheEuropeanUnion'spolicies D.Efficientuseofenergy.DSometimes,youjustcan'thelpit.Maybeyou'rewatchingasadmovie,orthinkingaboutthefriendwhomovedaway.Nextthingyouknow,youfeelpressureinyourthroat,youreyesarewatering,andyouhavetearsrunningdownyourcheeks.AccordingtoAdVingerhoets,aprofessorof-psychologyatTilburgUniversity,intheNetherlands,whoisoneofthefewscientistsintheworldwhohavestudiedcrying,therearethreetypesoftears.Basaltearsarethefirsttype.Theyactasaprotectivebarrierbetweentheeyeandtherestoftheworld.Nextarereflextears.Theywashyoureyescleanwhensomethinggetsinthem.Finally,thereareemotionaltears."Thesearereleasedinresponsetoemotionalstates,"explainsVingerhoets.Scientistsbelievecryinghassomethingtodowithhowhumansdevelopedandlearnttodependoneachother."Humansareverycomplexsocialcreatures,"saysLaurenBylsma,aprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh,inPennsylvania."Itseemsthattearsservetoarousehelpandsupportfromothers,"shesays.Vingerhoetsagrees,"Ithinkthatthereasonwhyhumansshedtears(流眼淚)hassomethingtodowithourchildhood,"hesays."that'sthetimewhenwearestilldependentonadultsforloveandprotectionandcare.Themajoradvantageofemotionaltearsisthatyoucantargetthemataspecificperson."Vingerhoetssaysthisabilitycouldhavecomeinhandyinprehistorictimes,whenhumanswerelivingamongdangerousanimals.Tearswereasaferwaytogetattention."Inthiscase.itisbettertouseasilentsignaltoaskforhelp,"hesays.VingerhoetsandBylsmadofrequentstudiestobetterunderstandwhyhumanscry.AccordingtoBylsma,thereisstillmuchmoretodiscover."It'ssurprising,"shesays,"Howmuchwestilldon'tknow."12.Whichofthefollowingisreflextears?A.Tearswheneyesaredry. B.Tearsmovedbyastory.C.Tearsreleasedwhencrying. D.Tearswhendirtgetsintoeyes.13.Theunderlinedphrase"thisability"inparagraph4referstotheabilityto________.A.seekhelpwisely B.aimtearsatsomeoneC.cryemotionally D.appealtootherpeople14.Fromthetext,welearnthatAdVingerhoetsandLaurenBylsma________.A.havelearnedenoughabouttears B.areworkingtogethertostudytearsC.thinkpositivelyoftheeffectsoftears D.holddifferentopinionsaboutthecausesoftears15.Whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?A.Thereasonbehindtears. B.Thecomponentsoftears.C.Thetypesoftears. D.Theopinionsabouttears.二、七選五（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whyplaysports?Youmightsay"togetexerciseandyou'dberight.Tohavefun?That'strue,too.Butthere'smore16AccordingtotheWomen'sSportsFoundation,girlswhoplaysportsgetaletmorethanjustfit.Girlswhoplaysportsdobetterinschool.Youmightthinkthatplayingsportswilltakeupallyourstudytime.17Exerciseimproveslearning,memory,andconcentration(專心),whichcangiveactivegirlsanadvantageintheclassroom.Girlswhoplaysportslearnteamworkandgoal-settingskills.18Whenyouworkwithcoaches,trainers,andteammatestowingamesandachievegoals,you'relearninghowtobesuccessful.Thoseskillswillserveyouwellatworkandinfamilylife.Sportsaregoodforagirl'shealth.Inadditiontobeingfitandkeepingahealthyweight,girlswhoplaysportsarealsolesslikelytosmoke.Andlaterinlife,girlswhoexercisearelesslikelytogetosteoporosis(骨質(zhì)疏松癥).Playingsportsimprovesself-confidence19Why?Itbuildsconfidencewhenyouknowyoucanpractice,improve,andachieveyourgoals.Sportsarealsoafeel-goodactivitybecausetheyhelpgirlsgetinshape,keepahealthyweight,andmakenewfriends.20Playingsportscanreducepressureandhelpyoufeelalittlehappier.How?Thebrainchemicalsreleasedduringexerciseimproveaperson'smood.Friendsareanothermood-lifter.Andbeingonateamcreatestightbondsbetweenfriends.It'sgoodtoknowyourteammateswillsupportyoubothonandoffthefield!A.Exercisecutsthepressure.B.Sportsteachvaluablelifeskills.C.Infact,thereareatleastfivereasons.D.Regularexerciseincreasesqualityoflife.E.Girlswhoplaysportsfeelbetteraboutthemselves.F.Playingsportsofferschildrenmorethanjustphysicalbenefits.G.Butresearchshowsthatgirlswhoplaysportsdobetterinschoolthanthosewhodon't.三、完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Anoldwomanwassittingbehindherson,Rahul,whowasverybusywithsomeofhisofficework.Justthen,asquirrel(松鼠)cameandsatonthewindowofthehouse.Themotheraskedhersonwhatthatwas.Herson21thatitwasasquirrel.Abouthalfanhour22,hismotheragainaskedwhatthatwas.Heagaintoldheritwasasquirrel.Forthe23timewhenhismotheraskedthesamequestion,hesaidtoherinavery24voicewithimpatience,"Can'tyou25it'sasquirrel?Whyareyouaskingmethesamequestionagainandagain?"Themotherfeltverybadandherheartwas26sorrow.Andshejuststoodupandsaid27tohimandmadehim28.Shethensatnexttohimand29astoryabouta5-year-oldboy.Thatboywasverycuteandsweet.Oneday,abirdcameand30onthewindowofthehouse.Thatboyaskedhismotherwhatthatwas.Hewasaskingthatquestionaboutfifteen31,butallthetimehismotheransweredhimvery32,andkissedher33onhisfaceeverytime.ThatboyisRahulwhonowiswelleducatedwitha34job.Rahulcanbeme,youormanypeopleinthisworld,whodon't35theirmotherslovinglyenough.21.A.thought B.hoped C.commented D.replied22.A.ago B.before C.later D.early23.A.third B.last C.next D.second24.A.weak B.soft C.gentle D.loud25.A.argue B.suggest C.doubt D.understand26.A.filledwith B.freefrom C.afraidof D.usedto27.A.goodbye B.hello C.thanks D.sorry28.A.breakdown B.calmdown C.checkout D.giveup29.A.wrote B.read C.told D.listened30.A.chatted B.recovered C.rested D.surfed31.A.seconds B.times C.moments D.years32.A.patiently B.fluently C.quickly D.amazingly33.A.worker B.son C.pet D.mother34.A.low-grade B.second-hand C.high-priced D.well-paid35.A.miss B.help C.treat D.admire四、語法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ifyouarelikemostyoungpeople,you'llhavebeenonline36.________usedaphoneatsomepointtoday.Abitofscreentimeisfine-especiallyifyouarestudying,socializingorsimplyrelaxing.Yettoomuchscreentimecanbebadforyourbrain.Arecentstudyofmorethan4,000childrenfoundthatthosewho37.________(play)onascreenanywheredidnotdo38.________(well)inthinkingteststhanthosewhoseldomusedmobilephones,39.________(look)atthingsonlinecanalsomeanthatyouaremissingoutontherealworld.Everyhourlookingatascreen40.________(be)anhouryoucanspendbeingwithyourfriendsorlearninganewexcitinghobby.Ifyouareworriedthatyouarespendingtoomanyhoursscrolling(滾動)throughsocialmedia,gluedtothetelevisionor41.________(lose)ingames,youmightwanttothinkaboutcuttingdownabit,oreven"goingcoldturkey",42.________meansgivingupcompletely,insteadof43.________(cut)back.Seeifyoucango44.________(total)screen-freeforaweek,amonthorwhateveryoufeelyoucanmanage.Ifthat'stoohard,justcuroutonething,suchasgames.Youmightevenfeeldifferentlyaboutyourfavoritedevicewhen45.________challengeisover.五、翻譯（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，將畫線部分譯成英文或中文。AnAccidentalInventionDidyouknowthattea,themostpopulardrinkintheworld(afterwater),wasinventedbyaccident?Manypeoplebelievethatteawasfirstdrunknearly5,000yearsago.46.ItissaidthataChineserulercalledShenNongfirstdiscoveredteaasadrink.OnedayShenNongwasboilingdrinkingwateroveranopenfire.47.Someleavesfromateaplan