英語(yǔ)句子成分與句子結(jié)構(gòu)

Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures01Sentenceelements02Sentencestructures0304ContentsPracticeSummaryThelittleboypaintedthedoorgreenyesterday01Sentenceelements主語(yǔ)Sentenceelements謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)comentattributiveobjectadverbialpredicativesubjectverbpredicateHarryPotterSubject句子所談?wù)摰娜嘶蚴挛?。HarryesthecaTobeagoodcamembersWhatHarryhatesmostissmoingTherefore,smoingisstrictlyforbiddenBytheway,sevenisHarry’sfavoritenumber代詞名詞數(shù)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞主語(yǔ)從句PracticeThesunrisesintheeastShewentoutinahurry代詞名詞Fourisnotabadnumber數(shù)詞Toseeistobelieve不定式Driningisbadforhealth動(dòng)名詞Whatheneedsisaboo主語(yǔ)從句FindoutthesubjectofeachsentenceandidentifyitspartofspeechVerbPredicate說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞HarrymetRonHarrylooedafterRonHarrycanplayQuidditchwellPredicative連系動(dòng)詞liningverbs之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Liningverbs1表示主語(yǔ)的特征狀態(tài)：be,feel,seem,loo,smell,sound,taste,…2表示主語(yǔ)由一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài)：become,get,turn,go,fall,grow,…3表示主語(yǔ)保持或繼續(xù)某種狀態(tài)：remain,stay,eep,…Harry’ssocsmellsbadHarry’sfaceturnsredHarry’shairremainsmessyDescribetheeachgroupPracticeGroue,get,turn,go,growGrouain,stay,eepdish,deliciousyellowsilent/quietObject動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。WhichindsofwordcanbetheobjectofasentenceGivesomesentenceeamplesHermionealfoy名詞Object代詞名詞數(shù)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞賓語(yǔ)從句HermionealfoyAttributive修飾名詞或代詞。如果定語(yǔ)是單個(gè)詞，通常放在被修飾詞的前面；如果是詞組，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。Harryhadathinface,blachairandbright-greeneyesHeworeroundglassesheldtogetherwithalotofSellotaonthenoseTheonlythingHarryliedabouthisownappearancewasaverythinscaronhisforeheadwhichwasshapedlieaboltoflightningAdverbial修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。說明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、條件、伴隨情況、程度等。Harrystudieshard副詞Harrywenttoschoolbytrain介詞短語(yǔ)Harrystudieshardtolearnmagicwell不定式Harrystoodbytheroadsideagic分詞IfHarrystudieshard,hewill狀語(yǔ)從句PracticeDistinguishbetweenattributiveandadverbial修飾名詞、代詞vs修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、句子AnearlyrisergetsupearlyAfasttraintravelsfastDailynewspapersarepublisheddailyThisishardworWehavetoworhardattributiveadverbialComent分為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的特征或情況。名詞、形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)。賓補(bǔ)IsawHarryplayingneartheriver變被動(dòng)主補(bǔ)HarrywasseenplayingneartheriverWemadeHarrycaptainHarrywasmadecaptainHarrypushedthedooropenThedoorwaspushedopensubject主語(yǔ)verb(predicate)謂語(yǔ)object賓語(yǔ)attributive定語(yǔ)predicative表語(yǔ)adverbial狀語(yǔ)complement補(bǔ)語(yǔ)SentenceelementsThelittleboypaintedthedoorgreenyesterdayLet’sanalyethesentence!Homewor-checing一、賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)7賓補(bǔ)8定語(yǔ)9賓補(bǔ)10定語(yǔ)11表語(yǔ)12狀語(yǔ)二、Theywillworonthefarm主謂狀Thebooslyingontheflooraremine主系表Ialwaysfindherhappy主狀謂賓賓補(bǔ)4HewondersifIstillstudyEnglish主謂賓MymotherthrewtheletterwhichI主謂賓receivedyesterday

Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers主謂間賓直賓7Tocatchthetrain,Igotuy主謂狀hometowninthepasttenyears狀Theteacherplacedonhisdes主謂狀alargejarfilledwithdriedbeans賓andinvitedthestudentstohavealoo謂賓賓補(bǔ)10Whenaaybeimpliedis主系thatthepersonwantsthelistenertothin表11Sarah,whohastaenpartintheshows,主wants謂toprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty賓02Sentencestructures英語(yǔ)五種基本句型：SV（主＋謂）SVP（主＋系＋表）SVO（主＋謂＋賓）SVOO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）SVOC（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）ThestudentsleepsTheteachercriesWhocaresSV主＋謂不及物動(dòng)詞IloveEnglishIlovelearningEnglishIlovetolearnEnglishIlovewhatIamlearningSVO主＋謂及物動(dòng)詞＋賓SVP主＋系＋表主語(yǔ)＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。表示狀態(tài)：Harry’ssocsmellsbad狀態(tài)改變：Harry’sfaceturnsred狀態(tài)保持：Harry’shairremainsmessy表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)是相聯(lián)系的。區(qū)分：“主謂賓”vs“主系表”表語(yǔ)：表示說明主語(yǔ)vs賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作承受者TheboyismystudentTheboyhugsmystudent主系表主謂賓請(qǐng)判斷：“主謂賓”or“主系表”？表語(yǔ)：表示說明主語(yǔ)vs賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作承受者ItastethesoupThesouptastesdeliciousHeeeoney主系表主系表主謂賓主謂賓SVO＋O主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人間接賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)指物直接賓語(yǔ)。TomgaveJerryaissMissWuteachesusbiologyShecooedherhusbandadeliciousmeal造句（雙賓句）：buy；bring；writeSVO＋C主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)補(bǔ)充說明前面的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。ThewarmadehimasoldierHeisasoliderIoftenfindhimatworHeisatworIseeacatrunningacrosstheroadAcatisrunningacrosstheroad區(qū)分：“主謂雙賓”vs“主謂賓＋賓補(bǔ)”主謂雙賓：兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)可以互換位置，只需要加上介詞to,for等。TheteachergaveusalittlehomeworTheteachergavealittlehomewortous區(qū)分：“主謂雙賓”vs“主謂賓＋賓補(bǔ)”主謂賓＋賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)是賓補(bǔ)邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。WecallhimWeiYingchaoHeisWeiYingchaoMaryassmetolooatherIlooather請(qǐng)判斷：“主謂雙賓”or“主謂賓＋賓補(bǔ)”？IwillmaehermygirlfriendIwillmaeherabirthdaycae主謂賓＋賓補(bǔ)主謂雙賓定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)并非句子的必要成分，但定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)可以使句子更加生動(dòng)。CometagirlImetabeautifulgirlwithbrightblueeyesHesitsBecauseoffear,hesitstheresoundlessly區(qū)分：“定語(yǔ)”vs“賓補(bǔ)”一、作用不同定語(yǔ)：在句中修飾名詞或代詞。賓補(bǔ)：補(bǔ)充說明句子賓語(yǔ)的身份、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。二、位置不同定語(yǔ)：在名詞或代詞之前，或之后。賓補(bǔ)：緊跟賓語(yǔ)之后。Harryhasathinscaronhisforehead定語(yǔ)WemadeHarrycaptain03Practice下列句子是哪種結(jié)構(gòu)？1Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome2Allofusconsideredhimhonest3Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes4Hebroeapieceofglass5LegendsneverdieSVPSVOCSVOOSVOSV把下列成分排序，組成正確的句子。onemorningIfishedintheriverwheretwowomenwashedclothesIlooedinthedirectionofthecallandsawaboyfallingintotheriverthemothergavemeathousandthanshappyIatthatmomentfeltOnemorningIfishedintheriverwheretwowomenwashedclothesIlooedinthedirectionofthecallandsawaboyfallingintotheriverThemo