（教師版）第五章 形容詞和副詞精講與精練

第五章形容詞和副詞精講與精練一、形容詞和副詞講前練：用所給單詞的適當形式填空Formanypeople,lifeisalot[1]_____(easy)today.Medicineanddietareimproving[2]______(quick),andpeoplearegetting[3]________(healthy)andliving[4]______(long).Buttheareaoflifethatischanging[5]___________(quickly)ofalliscommunication.Fiftyyearsago,computersweremuch[6]_______(big)andless[7]_________(power)thantheyarenow.Today,weusetheinternet,sowecancommunicate[8]___________(easy)withfriendsallovertheworld.Notallthechangesare[9]___________(well)ones.Morepeopledrivecarsinsteadofridingbikes,sotheyaren’tas[10]_________(fitness)astheywere.Trafficdoesn’tjustmaketheroads[11]_______(crowd),italsomakespollution[12]__________(bad).Wemustallthink[13]_________(careful)abouthowwecanuse[14]___________(little)energy.Wemustallwork[15]_________(hardly)toreducepollution.Keys:1.easier2.quickly3.healthier4.longer5.(the)mostquickly6.bigger7.powerful8.easily9.good10.fit11.crowded12.worse13.carefully14.less15.hard二、形容詞考點精講：形容詞考點1、形容詞的基本特征與功能作定語一般位于被修飾名詞的前面（修飾不定代詞時放在不定代詞的后面）Asunnyday陽光明媚的一天akindperson一個和藹可親的人Afunnystory一個滑稽可笑的故事classicalmusic古典音樂Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.以a開頭的表語形容詞(alive、afraid、alike、asleep)或形容詞短語作定語時放在被修飾詞的后面。abottlefilledwithwater裝滿水的瓶子thebabyawake醒著的嬰兒作表語用在系動詞后面I’mfeelinglonely.我感到孤獨。Mr.Yangisverystrictwithstudents.楊老師對學(xué)生非常嚴格。作補足語Hefoundthehouseempty.他發(fā)現(xiàn)房子是空的?！举e語補足語】Thehousewasfoundempty.房子被發(fā)現(xiàn)是空的?！局髡Z補足語】Ithinkitimpossibleforhimtocompletetheworkbeforethedark.我認為他不可能在天黑之前完成工作?！举e語補足語】作狀語：形容詞作狀語說明主語的狀態(tài)Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.又累又餓，我只好停下來休息一下?！癟he+形容詞”表示一類人或物，作主語或賓語，作主語時位于用復(fù)數(shù)。Thenewwilltaketheplaceoftheold.新事物將代替舊事物?？键c對練1:用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Thebaby___________(sleep)isMrsGreen’sson.2.Thehouse___________(fully)ofsmokebelongstoMr.White.3.Theman_______________(responsibility)forthetripishandsome.4.Heistheperson________________(awareness)ofthedanger.5.Theriveristwentymeters_____________(widely).=Theriveristwentymetersin_____________(wide).6.Heisthemost________________(handsomely)manthatIhaveevermet.7.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbe___________(harm),thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip---thesatisfactionitgivesus.8.LittleTomsat__________(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfronthim.9.Theold____________(be)morelikelytocatchcoldthantheyoung.10.Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbe________(cloud)withaslightchanceofrainlatertonight.11.Listeningisthusanactive,nota______________(passively),behaviorconsistingofhearing,understandingandremembering.Keys:1.asleep2.full3.responsible4.aware5.width6.handsome7.harmful8.amazed.9.are10.cloudy11.passive形容詞和副詞考點2、-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的用法-ed形容詞表示“人感到如何的”，-ing形容詞用來描寫事物，表示“令人怎么樣的”Wewereexcitedwhenweheardtheexcitingnews.聽到這個令人激動的消息，我們感到興奮。?？嫉?ed形容詞和-ing形容詞amazed（吃驚的）amused（愉悅的）annoyed（氣惱的）astonished（驚訝的）bored（厭煩的）confused（困惑的）disappointed（失望的）discouraged（泄氣的）embarrassed（尷尬的，感到為難的）excited（興奮的）frightened（感到恐懼的）interested（感興趣的）puzzled（困惑的）satisfied（滿意的）shocked（感到震驚的）surprised（驚訝的）worried（擔心的）amazing(令人吃驚的)amusing（有趣的）annoying（使人氣惱的）astonishing（令人驚訝的）boring（厭煩的）confusing（令人困惑的）disappointing（令人失望的）discouraging（令人泄氣的）embarrassing（令人為難的）exciting（令人興奮的）frightening（令人恐懼的）interesting（有趣的）puzzling（令人困惑的）satisfying（令人滿意的）shocking（令人震驚的，可怕的）surprising（令人驚訝的）worrying（令人擔心的）形容詞和副詞考點考點3、帶有-ly后綴的形容詞friendly友好的,deadly致命的,lovely可愛的,lonely孤獨的,likely可能的,lively生動的，活潑的,ugly丑陋的注意：下列詞既可作形容詞也可做副詞daily每日的（地），日常的weekly每周的（地），monthly每月的（地）yearly每年的(地)early早的（地）考點對練2:用所給詞的適當形式填空Thechildrenwere_______afterthe________trip.（tire）Tom’sparentsare_________athis_____________resultsoftheexams.（disappoint）Whenhearingthe_________newsthatMichaelJacksonpassedaway,theywere________tolookateachother.（surprise）Apolicecarappearedontheroad,thethiefhada___________lookonhisface.（frighten）Aidsisa______________(dead)disease,soweshouldprotectourselvesfromit.Itis___________(like)toraininallpartsofthecountrytoday.Keys:1.tired,tiring2.disappointed,disappointing3.surprising,surprised4.frightened5.deadly6.likely三、副詞考點精講：副詞考點考點1、副詞的基本特征與功能副詞主要修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，作狀語。Heworkedhardallhislife.他一輩子工作努力。Fortunately.HewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLA.副詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則例詞1、在形容詞后加“l(fā)y”entire--entirelycurious--curiouslyexact--exactlyfortunate--fortunatelyimmediate--immediately2、將形容詞的詞尾“l(fā)e”變?yōu)椤發(fā)y”comfortable—comfortablygentle—gentlypossible—possibly3、輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的變y為“i加ly”busy—busilyeasy—easilyheavy—heavilyangry—angrilyhungry—hungrilylucky—luckilyhappy—happily4、特殊詞true—truly5、本身就是副詞fastveryquite副詞考點2、兩種形式但意義不同的副詞high(高)、highly(高度地)Theycanjumphigh.Theythinkhighlyofus.wide(寬)、widely(廣泛地)Heopenedhiseyeswide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.deep(深)、deeply(深深地)Theyworkeddeepintolate.Weweredeeplymovedbyhiswords.hard(努力)、hardly(幾乎不)Studyhardandyouwillmakeprogress.Icanhardlyrecognizehim.close(近地)、closely(緊緊地，密切地)You’dbettergetclosetohim.Watchclosely.most(最,非常)、mostly(大部分地，主要地)It’samostinterestingfilm.Theaudienceconsistedmostlyofwomen.late(晚，遲)、lately(最近)Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately.free(免費地)、freely(自由地)Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.考點對練3:用所給詞的適當形式填空1.MysistercanspeakFrench________________(fluent).key:fluently2.Youcanonlydosoifyou_________(true)believeit.Key:truly3.___________(unlucky),hegotstuckinthetrafficjam.Key:Unluckily4.Hepushedthestick_____________(depth)intothemud.Key:deep5.Theboysareplaying__________(happy)withthegames.key:happily四、形容詞副詞比較級與最高級精講1、比較級與最高級的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級①一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er和-eststrongstrongerstrongest②單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結(jié)尾，只加-r和-ststrangestrangerstrangest③閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，須先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-er和-estsad

big

hotsadder

bigger

hottersaddest

biggest

hottest④少數(shù)以-y,-er(或-ure),-ow,-ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er和-est(以-y結(jié)尾的詞，如y前是輔音字母，把y變成i，再加-er和-est，以-e結(jié)尾的詞仍加-r和-st)angry

clever

narrow

nobleangrier

cleverer

narrower

noblerangriest

cleverest

narrowest

noblest⑤其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和mostdifficultmore

difficultmost

difficult不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級和最高級形式原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfurtherfarthest(表距離)furthest(表程度)oldolder（年齡）elder（輩分）注意：theelderly（老人）oldesteldest形容詞副詞比較級與最高級用法as+原級+as與....一樣HelikesmathsasmuchashelikesEnglish.他喜歡數(shù)學(xué)就像他喜歡英語一樣。Johnworksashardashisbrother.約翰工作和他哥哥一樣努力。notso/as+原級+as與....不一樣Icannottypeasfastasyou我打字沒有你快。Thisbookisnotasinterestingasthatone.這本書沒有那本書有趣。比較級+than....JapanisalittlelargerthanGermany.日本比德國大一點兒?！岸ü谠~＋形容詞最高級＋名詞＋表示范圍的短語或從句”(如ofall,ofthethree,intheworld,thathasevertakenplace等)。如：OfallofthewritersinEngland,WilliamShakespeareisthemostwidelyknown.副詞的最高級與形容詞最高級的區(qū)別在于副詞最高級前定冠詞the可以省略。如：Heruns（the）fastestofthethree.三個人中他跑得最快。比較級+and+比較級：越來越......I’mconvincedthatourschoolwillbecomebetterandbetter.我相信我們學(xué)校會越來越好。the+比較級，the+比較級：越......，（就）越........Theharderyoustudy,themoreprogressyouwillmake.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，你取得的進步就會越大。（8）表示倍數(shù)的句型A:“…

times

＋形容詞

/

副詞的比較級＋

than

…”B:“…

times

+as

+

形容詞

/

副詞的原級＋

as

…”C:“…

times

+

the

+

名詞（如：

size，

height，

weight，

length，

width

等）＋

of

…”D:“…times+what從句”EG:This

hall

is

five

times

bigger

than

our

classroom.

這個大廳比我們的教室大

5

倍。This

dictionary

is

five

times

as

thick

as

the

one

you

borrowed

from

the

library.

這本詞典的厚度是你從圖書館借的那本（厚度）的

5

倍This

river

is

three

times

the

depth

of

that

one.

這條河是那條河的三倍深The

length

of

the

road

is

four

times

what

it

was

three

years

ago.

這條路的長度是三年前的

4

倍?？键c對練4:用所給詞的適當形式填空【2014·全國大綱卷改編】Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethe__________(good)possibleeducation.Thenumberofpeoplepresentatthe2016OlympicGameswasmuch_________(large)thanexpected.Itishardtobookaticket.Thisis____________________(interesting)bookthatIhaveeverread.ShenzhouXIisbyfar___________(advanced)man-madespaceshipinChineseastronomy.【2015·四川改編】7.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itis_________(good)hehasevergot.[2013·天津卷改編]IthinkwatchingTVeveryeveningisawasteoftime—thereare________（many）meaningfulthingstodo.1.best2.larger3.themostinteresting4.themostadvanced5.thebest6.more五、考點應(yīng)考技巧：1、在語法填空題中，注意判斷空格處充當什么句子成分,在名詞前作定語，系動詞后作表語，賓語后面作賓語補足語時用形容詞；作狀語時用副詞。在改錯題中，注意形容詞與副詞是否用錯，比較級、最高級與原級是否用錯。注意標志性的詞語以及上下文隱含的比較的含義：如than,as...as,more等。六、考點精練(一)單句語法填空1.【2021·全國甲卷】Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat45(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!Key:better考查形容詞比較級。句意：在花了一些時間查看了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備之后，我們決定是時候采取一些行動了，還有什么比騎在歷史上更好的呢。根據(jù)后文比較連（介）詞than可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞good的比較級。故填better。2.【2021·全國甲卷】butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir50(day)routines.Key:daily3.【2021·全國乙卷】Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome61(educate)abouttheareas.Key:educated考查形容詞。句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因為它能讓旅行者了解這個地區(qū)。分析句子成分可知，此處查固定搭配becomeeducatedabout表示“對……有所了解”。故填educated。4.【2021·全國乙卷】Provide68(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.Key:financial5.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Itwill58(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!Key:undoubtedly考查副詞。句意：它無疑會幫助你恢復(fù)精神！修飾動詞help，應(yīng)用副詞undoubtedly“毫無疑問地”。故填undoubtedly。6.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the59(hot)thespring!Key:hotter查形容詞比較級。句意：關(guān)于黃山溫泉讓人驚訝的是，氣溫越低，溫泉越暖和。此處是固定結(jié)構(gòu)“the+比較級，the+比較級”，意為“越……，越……”。故填hotter。7.2021·新高考Ⅰ卷Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus60(astonish).Key:astonished考查形容詞。句意：但大自然就是這樣——總是讓我們驚訝。此處是“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓語補足語”，補充說明賓語us的感受，應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾形容詞。故填astonished。8.【2021·浙江高考卷】Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch39（small）thanitistoday.Key:smaller考查形容詞。句意：這棟房子建成時比現(xiàn)在小得多。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的much和設(shè)空后的than可知，此處考查形容詞比較級固定結(jié)構(gòu)much+比較級+than，提示詞small的比較級形式為smaller。故填smaller。9.【2020·全國Ⅰ卷】Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.Key:extremely?？疾楦痹~。修飾形容詞challenging要用副詞。故填extremely。10.【2020·全國Ⅰ卷】Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso65thefamiliarnearside.Key:than?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)前面的more可知,此處考查連詞than。more...than...比……多?！霸虑虮趁嬗泻芏嗌钌畹沫h(huán)形山,比我們熟悉的近側(cè)更多。”11.【(2020·全國Ⅰ卷】Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

Key:much考查形容詞。ice是不可數(shù)名詞,故表達詢問“多少冰”時用howmuchice。12.【2020?全國Ⅱ卷】Orangetreesaremore64.decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Key:than?？疾楣潭ù钆?。morethan在此處表示“不僅僅”。句意:橘樹不僅僅是裝飾;它們是好運和財富的象征。13.【2020?全國Ⅱ卷】Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.66.(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Key:certainly14.【2020?全國Ⅱ卷】The69.(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Key:beautiful?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處需要形容詞和long并列修飾后面的名詞branches。15.【2020?全國Ⅲ卷】Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir62(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Key:finest?？疾樾稳菰~最高級?？崭裰械脑~修飾的是work,根據(jù)后文中thebest可知應(yīng)填fine的最高級finest。16.【2020?全國Ⅲ卷】Asthesmallboatmoved68(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Key:gently?？疾楦痹~,空格處修飾的是前面的動詞moved,應(yīng)用副詞gently。17.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Key:wealthy?？疾樾稳菰~。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知修飾名詞主語people,要用形容詞。18.【2020?浙江高考】Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson58huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.Key:than?？疾楸容^級。此處指農(nóng)業(yè)比狩獵和采集的人均生產(chǎn)的糧食多。19.【2019·全國卷Ⅰ】Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;Key:poorly考查副詞。修飾謂語動詞hasbeenstudied作狀語,應(yīng)用副詞形式,故填poorly。20、【2018·全國I】Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears______(long)thannon-runners.Key:longer21、【2018·全國I】Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglife______walking,cyclingorswimming.Key:than22、【2018·全國II】Atasteformeatis______(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Key：actually23、【2018·全國II】AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal______(globe)fertilizerconsumption.Key:global24、【2018·全國III】Hescreamsthe__________(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemale(gorilla大猩猩)beatshischestandchargestowardme.Key:loudest25、【2018·浙江】Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe[1]_____(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven[2]______(high)costonyourhealth.Key:affordable/higher26、【吉林長春2018屆高三年級四?！緼ndiftheworstcomestotheworst,remembertheoldEnglishproverb,“______(well)latethannever.”key:better27、【長沙市雅禮中學(xué)、河南省實驗中學(xué)2018屆高三聯(lián)考】ButwhileIwasoutoftheroom,Chip（鸚鵡名）climbedontothebowltohaveatastebutsoonfellinandsank.______(luck),Goldie（鸚鵡名）wasonhandandstuckherfaceinthebowltofishChipout.Key:luckily【onhand在手邊，在附近，在場】【stick插入;刺入】28、【湖北襄陽四中2018屆高三5月第四次模擬】Itis[1]______(increase)clearthatChinaisinnovatingandnolongercopyingWesternideas.ThisispartlybecauseChinaskippedoverthePCageandwentdirectlytomobile.Chinahasthe[2]______(large)mobileuseintheworld.Key:increasingly/largest29、【河北石家莊二中2018屆高三仿真模擬（一）】Officialdatashowthatthecountry’sdigitaleconomyaddedupto22.58trillionyuanlastyear,rankingsecond_______(global)andaccountingforaround30percentofnationalGDP.key：globally30、【河南鄭州2018屆高三下期第三次模擬】However,he(StephenHawking)wentontobecomeoneofthe_____(great)mindstheworldhaseverknown.Key:greatest31.Sogetanearlystartandtrytobeasproductivepossiblebeforelunch.Key:as(二)單句語法改錯1.【2021年全國甲卷】Inmyopinion,whenintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmostly.Key:考查形容詞。此處表示最信任的人。mostly表示"主要地；通常";most表示（程度）最大。故mostly改為most。2.【2021年全國乙卷】What'smost,doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.Key:①What'smore表示"更重要的是；另外"。故把most改為more。②把mentally改為mental,考查形容詞作定語。此處應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾后面的名詞relaxation?！?020·全國卷I】TodayItriedcookingasimplydishmyself.Key:考查形容詞。句意：今天我自己嘗試做一道簡單的菜。根據(jù)名詞dish可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，故將simply改為simple?！?020·全國卷II】I’msurelyyou’llhaveagoodtime.Key:考查形容詞。句意：我確信你會玩得很開心的。分析句子，此處be動詞am后面需用形容詞作表語。故將surely改為sure?！?020·全國卷III】Inordertomakesurelyallofusareingoodhealth,shemakesspecificplansforus.Key:句意：為了確保我們所有人身體好，她為我們制定了特殊的計劃。makesure確保，該短語是固定短語，所以副詞surely改成形容詞sure?！?019·全國卷I】Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.Key:將interesting改為interested?！?019·全國卷I】Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.Key:考查副詞。“hard（努力地；費力地）”與“hardly（幾乎不；幾乎沒有）”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。本句意思為：我擋住足球，并使勁地將它踢回操場。故將hardly改為hard?！?019·全國卷II】First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.Key:考查形容詞的用法。句中的“l(fā)ooked（看起來…樣）”為系動詞，系動詞后需用形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool?！?019·全國卷II】IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.Key:將too改為very/so?！?019·全國卷II】OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.Key:將amazing改為amazed?！?019·全國卷III】WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.Key:考查形容詞的用法。修飾名詞cafe，應(yīng)用形容詞。ordinarily是副詞。故把ordinarily改為ordinary?！?018·全國I】Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.Key：happily--happy【2018·全國III】Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.Key:larger-large【2017全國I】IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleonthe