馬洛與浮士德博士的悲劇

Doctor

Faustus————Christopher

MarloweChristopher

Marlowe(1564～1593)克利斯托弗·馬洛First

great

English

dramatist,

poetThe

greatest

playwright

beforeShakespeareOne

of

the

“university

wits”He

is

known

for

his

use

of

blankverse.First

made

blank

verse

the

principalmedium

of

English

drama.·

Representative

worksTamburlaine

theGreat(1587~1588)帖木兒大帝Doctor

Faustus(1589)浮士德的悲劇The

Jew

of

Malta(1590)馬耳他的猶太人The

passionateshepherd

to

his

love多情的牧人致心愛的姑娘《浮士德博士的悲劇》Brief

introductionDr.Faustus

is

the

greatest

of

Marloves

plays

in

which

the

old

Germanlegend

is

freely

reshaped.

Faustus

is

a

great

scholar

who

has

a

strongdesire

to

acquire

all

kinds

of

knowledge.

He

is

bored

of

his

presentstudy

on

the

academic

curriculum

and

turn

to

black

magic.

Byconjuration

he

calls

up

Mephistopheles

the

Devils

servant.

Faustusmakes

a

bond

to

sell

his

soul

to

the

Devil

in

return

for

twenty-four

yeof

life

in

which

he

may

have

the

services

of

Mephistopheles

to

give

himeverything

he

desires.

With

the

help

of

the

Devil

Faustus

brings

hismagical

art

into

full

play

meanwhile

Faustus

has

experienced

muchinternal

conflict

symbolized

in

the

appearances

of

both

Good

Angel

and

Bad

Angel.

In

the

final

scene

there

remains

only

the

terrifyingsoliloquy

in

which

the

anguish

of

the

heroes

mind

is

poignantly

pressethe

Themes

of

Doctor

FaustusOne

theme

in

Doctor

Faustus

is

sin.Throughout

the

play,

Faustus

is

continuouslymaking

wrong

choices

when

it

comes

to

hislifestyle.

His

first

sin

was

greed.

Faustus

bhis

downfall

by

making

a

pact

with

the

devil.Faustus

feeds

sin

with

his

need

for

power,praise,

and

trickery.

He

becomes

absorbed

inthe

way

people

look

up

to

him,

believing

him

tbe

a

sort

of

‘hero’.Satanism

and

death

are

also

prevalent

themes.Marlowe

sets

the

story

in

Wittenburg,

Germany

withFaustus

selling

his

soul

to

the

devil

and

declaring

hservitude

to

Satan.

Marlowe

shows

throughout

theplay

that

his

vow

to

forever

be

a

servant

of

Satannegatively

affects

his

life

and

how

had

he

known

whathe

was

getting

into,

then

he

would

never

have

made

adeal

with

the

devil.

Magic

is

also

a

motif

that

plays

a

major

role

in

Dr.Faustus.

Faustus’

downfall

began

with

his

love

ofknowledge,

which

leads

for

his

need

to

use

magic.Faustus

enjoys

playing

tricks

on

people

by

using

hispowers,

and

even

goes

so

far

as

to

use

his

powers

ona

dragon.

The

use

of

magic

is

a

show

of

Faustus’s‘demoralization’.

He

no

longer

wants

to

be

a

meremortal...he

wants

to

be

as

powerful

as

the

devilhimself.·

One

of

the

most

apparent

themes

in

Doctor

Faustus

isthe

battle

between

good

and

evil.

At

the

beginning

ofthe

play,

Faustus

finds

himself

torn

between

good

anevil,

knowing

the

distinction

and

consequences

of

thtwo,

but

overwhelmed

by

his

desire

for

worldlypleasures.

Faustus’s

desire

for

mortal

satisfactiopersonified

through

the

seven

deadly

sins

who

allspeak

to

him

and

tempt

him.

Another

illustration

ofFaustus’s

battle

between

good

and

evil

is

shownthrough

the

good

and

evil

angels

which

try

to

influenhis

decisions

and

behavior.

Although

Faustusrecognizes

the

consequences

of

choosing

to

listen

tothe

evil

spirit

over

the

good

spirit,

he

cannot

resistemptations

of

the

devil

and

the

worldly

and

mortalpleasures

he

offers.Character

analysis·

Faust

dared

to

challenge

the

orthodox

ideas,despise

authority,

to

the

unknown

is

full

of

curiosFor

example,

in

the

first

act

of

the

third

field,

Faand

the

devil

have

discussed

in

hell,

phenanthrene,quite

profound.

From

the

Philippines

have,

mouth,Faust

know

all

of

the

Lucy

bayer-oglesby

Buddhawas

god

pet

elves,

just

because

disrespectful,beyond

the

forehead,

exiled

to

hell,

and

fe,

too.This

was

shown

a

horse

los

I

humanistic

view:

evilis

not

born

evil,

just

because

and

authorityconfrontation,

weak

strength,

it

was

only

the

power·

Dominates

the

disgraced,

the

author"s

rebelpsychology

started

to

take

shape.

Then

havephenanthrene,

reveals

the

regret,

immediately

byFaust

violent

attack,

he

digs

have,

phenanthrene,great

and

fe,

because

how

are

deprived

of

theparadise

of

joy

but

depressed?

!You

should

like

myFaust

learning,

a

bit

machismo,

dare

to

do

I

dare,should

be

for

those

who

you

do

not

really

havehappiness

sniff.

Faust

arrogance

haughtiness

isrevealed

undoubted.

This

dialogue

morestrengthened

Faust

exalt

magic,

at

abandonorthodox

determination,

also

show

the

Renaissancepriors

intellectuals

to

the

traditional

concept

ofagainst,

and

to

the

new

knowledge,

new

ideascultish.Plots·

In

this

work,

the

author

must

be

knowledge

is

allthe

power

of

the

greatest

strength.

Have

theknowledge

can

get

wealth,

you

can

out

of

"allforeign

monarch"s

secret,

can"

use

a

bastion

of

theGerman

stockade

",

"let

students

to

wear

silkclothes",

in

a

word,

can

conquer

nature,

therealization

of

social

ideal.

But

to

gain

knowledgemust

first

and

religious

obscurantism

in

tenaciousstruggle.

Faust

tragedy

reflects

humanisteventually

failed

to

liberate

from

religious

histothe

truth.·

Dr

Faustus

is

the

greatest

of

Marlowe’s

plays,

inwhich

the

old

German

legend

is

freely

reshaped.Faustus

is

a

great

scholar

who

has

a

strong

desire

toacquire

all

kinds

of

knowledge.

He

is

bored

of

hispresent

study

on

the

academic

curriculum

and

turn

toblack

magic.

By

conjuration

he

calls

upMephistopheles,

the

Devil’s

servant.

Faustus

makesa

bond

to

sell

his

soul

to

the

Devil

in

return

for

twefour

years

of

life

in

which

he

may

have

the

services

oMephistopheles

to

give

him

everything

he

desires.With

the

help

of

theDevil,

Faustus

bringshis

magicaartinto

full

play,

meanwhile

Faustus

has

experiencemuch

internal

conflict,

symbolized

in

the

appearancof

both

Good

Angel

andBad

Angel.

In

the

final

scene,there

remains

only

the

terrifying

soliloquy

in

whichanguish

of

the

hero’s

mind

is

poignantly

pressed.·

"Faustus"

plot

and

structure:

"basic

plot

can

boil

down

to:overture,

two

betting,

lifelong

pursuit,

five

ACTS

tragedyheaven

overture"

is

the

beginning

of

the

play,

but

also

thegeneral

ideas.

(2)

the

first

betting

is

the

emperor

of

heavthe

devil

about

"to

the

world

and

people

think"

-

people

canachieve

and

how

to

achieve

the

ideal

of

life,

the

second

betis

the

devil

Menifee

stern"s

about

"Faust

w