2024年高考英語（全國通用）：熱點練6 閱讀理解話題社會現(xiàn)象（教師版）

熱點練06閱讀理解話題.社會現(xiàn)象

歷年全國高考英語閱讀理解的題型無非基本都是考查主旨大意、詞義猜測、推理

判斷和細節(jié)理解四大題型。其中，命題以細節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔，又

兼顧詞義猜測題和主旨大意題。細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題主要考查的是對原文具

體細節(jié)的理解和把控能力，難度相對較小，廣大考生除了平時必要的閱讀量和詞

匯量的積累以外，掌握一定的解題技巧對解答閱讀理解題來說也是至關(guān)重要的。

閱讀中需要特別注意并做記號的有：

（1）標志類、指示類的信息。

①表示并列關(guān)系：and,also,coupledwith等；

②表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,yet,however,bycontrast等；

③表示因果關(guān)系：therefore,thereby,consequently,asaresult等；

④表示遞進關(guān)系：inadditionto,even,what'smore,furthermore等；

⑤表示重要性的詞：prime,aboveall,first等。

以上關(guān)鍵詞有助于我們對文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的把握。

（2）具有感情色彩、顯示作者態(tài)度的詞：blind盲目的（貶），excessively過分

的（貶）,objective（客觀）等。

座點話題］

服務(wù)與溝通

生活與工作

社會發(fā)展

限時檢測

真題鏈接

（每篇限時7分鐘）

Passage1

（2022新高考I卷C篇）Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggiven

henstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimprove

elderlypeople'swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aserious

illnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewhere

hensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“Iusedtokeep

henswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwentto

school.v

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensout

anddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.^^

“It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethe

hensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Fmenjoyingthecreativeactivities,andit

feelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.^^

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,and

thecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkonthe

project,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Weare

lookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartinthe

project.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.,,

I.Whatisthepuiposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

2.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon,,meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了旨在減少孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況的項目。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreduce

lonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing（該項目由當?shù)匾患掖壬茩C構(gòu)構(gòu)想，旨在減少

孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況。）“可知，這個項目的目的是為了減少孤獨和提高老年人的幸

福感。故選D項。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheir

childrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'nienjoyingthe

creativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseftiL”（有不同的關(guān)注點很好。人們

把自己的孩子帶進來看母雞，居民們也來外面坐著看它們。我喜歡創(chuàng)造性的活動，做?些有

用的事情的感覺很好。）“可知，RuthXavier很享受做這些事，她覺得自己在做有用的事，這

能夠給她來良好的感覺，因此可知通過該項目她獲得了一種成就感。故選B項。

3.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneof

thefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"'Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthe

creativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeople

here.”（彭福街60號的額外護理經(jīng)理WendyWilson是第一批參與該項目的人之一，她說:“居

民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂

趣?！睉艨芍琖endyWilson是著手這項工程的人之一，也是做這個項目的創(chuàng)始人之一，因

此可知，畫線處embarkon意為“開始著手做某事”，與C項“Begin（開始）”含義相近。故選C

項。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthe

creativesessions.Wearelookingforwaidtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeople

here.（居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好

處和樂趣。）”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappy

tobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterest

andcreativeactivities."（“諾丁山路徑”的負責人林恩?劉易斯說：“我們很高興能參與這個項

目。它將通過共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動真正幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起來?！埃笨芍擁椖康?/p>

到了居民們的認可，大家很歡迎這個項目，而且這個項目將會帶來一些好處，因此可知這個

項目的反響很好，很受歡迎。故選A項。

Passage2

（2021浙江1月卷B篇）Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohn

ElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulation

growth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginone

prediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.

Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivity

theyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,

whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.

Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywith

bothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingin

car-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.

Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslost

opportunities（機會）forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentsthereare

lostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.

Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha"good”,

quicklyfollowedby'Tmhungry,,.Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereover

thedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipandits

limits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.

Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes（路線），withdaysof

regular,parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthan

nothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning-runningshoesbythefrontdoor,

lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones-butit'scertainly

worthtrying.

5.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.

C.Tosupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.

6.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren'sphysicalactivity?

A.Plainlaziness.B.Healthproblems.

C.Lackoftime.D.Securityconcerns.

7.Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?

A.Shecangetrelaxedafterwork.B.Shecankeepphysicallyfit.

C.Shecanhelpwithherson'sstudy.D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.

【答案】5.B6.C7.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章通過否定沃特金斯的預(yù)言，進而提出現(xiàn)在人們時間的緊缺和

陪伴的重要性。

5.推理判斷題。通過文章第一段“Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamed

JohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulation

growth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginone

prediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.（20世紀初，——位名口U約翰?」矣爾弗雷特?沃

特金斯的美國工程師對當今的生活做出了預(yù)測。他關(guān)于人口增長放緩、移動電話和身高增長

的預(yù)測接近于現(xiàn)實。但他有一個預(yù)測是錯誤的:每個人每天都要走10英里。廠和第二段“Today,

inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedto

avoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein

2010,itwasaslowas15percent.（今天在澳大利亞，大多數(shù)孩子平均比避免超重所需的體力活

動少了2000步。在上世紀70年代初，40%的孩子步行上學，而在2010年，這一比例降至

15%）”可知，作者根據(jù)沃特金斯的預(yù)言做了相關(guān)調(diào)查，并且寫下「這篇文章。通讀全文得知

作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的預(yù)言，是為了介紹文章主題。故選B項。

6.細節(jié)理解題。通過文章第三段中“Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparents

workingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependent

neighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransporl.（家庭時間緊迫，許多家庭的父母都在為房子買單

而工作，工作時間往往不是他們自己選擇的，他們住在公共交通有限的依賴汽車的社區(qū)。r

可知，導(dǎo)致澳大利亞兒童體育活動的減少的原因是時間不夠。故選c項。

7.細節(jié)理解題。通過文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmy

son'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpected

andrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.（但是，在每天散步的某個地方，更多關(guān)于我兒子日

常的事情出現(xiàn)了。我聽到他在理解友誼及其局限性。這是一個意想不到的難得的家長可以聽

到更多的機會）“，說明作者覺得和兒子一起散步能讓她更了解她的兒子。故選D項。

Passage3

（2021全國乙卷B篇）Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfof

Australianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機）？

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn't

ownamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryone

canmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter

（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostill

havealandline,athirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurity

blanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseof

emergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageis

naturallyafactor（因素）一only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,

comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50

years.Ageisn'ttheonlyfactor;I'dsayifsalsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohavea

homephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobe

honesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepoint

whereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerID

wouldtakethefunoutofit).

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlamps

andmorningmilkdeliveries?

20.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?

A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.

C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.

21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"concede”inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.

C.Remember.D.Remark.

22.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?

A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers9identity.

C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.

23.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

【答案】20.B21.A22.C23.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞使用固定電話的情況，并且表達了固

定電話是非必需品的觀點。

20.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustralia

overtheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveonein

theirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime4現(xiàn)在你很難在

澳大利亞找到15歲以上的沒有手機的人。事實上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手機。幾乎

每個人都可以隨時隨地撥打和接聽電話）“可推知，本段主要說明手機在澳大利亞廣受歡迎。

故選B項。

21.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethat

it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheynever

useitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.（在那些仍然擁有固定電話的澳

大利亞人中，三分之一的人concede這不是真正必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%

的人說他們從未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況）”可知，許多人

認為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況，所以三分之

一的人承認了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，推測劃線單詞表示“承認”，與admit同義。

故選A項。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehome

numberfor50years.（嬰兒潮時代中有84%的人可能已經(jīng)有50年相同的家庭號碼了）”以及第

五段“Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBaby

Boomersparents（也就是說，老實說，唯一打過我們家電話的人是嬰兒潮一代的父母）”可推

知，嬰兒潮一代的人一直在用固定電話。故選C項。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段“Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygo

thewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?（你有多喜歡你的固定電話？它們還要

多久才能走上煤氣路燈和早晨送牛奶的道路？廠以及常識可知，本段使用類比的方式，使用

煤氣路燈以及早晨送牛奶已經(jīng)被淘汰的例子，側(cè)面說明了固定電話總有一天會被廢棄的。故

選B項。

Passage4

（2020全國HI卷C篇）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskof

isolation0!!獨），morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,

shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofa

growingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.

Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,

bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,“saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:

“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingfbrNicktolivewithhis

mother-in-law.”

AndwhatdoesNickthink?"Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldI

recommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.^^

It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthe

numbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholds

withthreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeir

elderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itis

saidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.The

totalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingis

morefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomovein

withtheirhusband'sfamilywhentheygetmarried.

24.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?

A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.

25.WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?

A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.

26.Whatistheauthor'sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?

A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.D

【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了在英國，由于年輕人負擔不起離家的費用，而老年

人又面臨著被孤立的風險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。

24.2田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomand

livingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一樓有自己的廚房、浴室、臥室和客廳。由

此可知，Rita在布里斯托爾的維多利亞式住宅中使用一樓。故選B項。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemsto

workverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?”從我的角

度來看，?切都很順利。我推薦它嗎?是的，我想我會推薦在?起居住的?！庇纱伺袛喑?，尼

克對和和岳母合住房子的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A項。

26.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段"Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththree

generationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方報告顯示，

三代同堂的家庭數(shù)量從2002年的32.5萬戶增加到2013年的41.9萬戶。根據(jù)第七段“Itissaid

thatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotal

numberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知,據(jù)

說，25-34歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年這一比例為16%。據(jù)估計，英

國多代同堂的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬。由此可知，作者關(guān)于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)

計數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項。

27.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeand

theoldatriskofisolation（孤獨）,morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年輕人

負擔不起離家的費用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所

以短文主要是關(guān)于英國生活方式的一種上升趨勢。故選D項。

Passages

（2022全國甲卷D篇）Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,

Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthings

thatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.

Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.1

spentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrew

shutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethe

city.

"I'llmisstheseoldboats,“hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.

“Oh,they'rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotso

elegant,andthey'renotfuntopilot.Butthafsprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口號），and

traditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinits

rushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinest

buildings."Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself/'shesaid."Wecan'tseemtomakeupourminds

whetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.It'saconflictthatwearen'tgettinganybetter

atresolving（解決）

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.Iconsideredthis

whenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony."Manypeoplesaythatwelack

cultureinthiscountry,vhetoldme."WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycameto

Australia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemore

still.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoung

country.It5saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.^^

Heisright,butIcan'thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

35?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.B?TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney'sdevelopment.D.Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

36.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

37.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

38.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

【答案】35.C36.D37.A38.A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章介紹了悉尼城市發(fā)展中對于現(xiàn)代化和傳統(tǒng)保護的困惑，

并提出“一座城市可以同時年輕和年老”的觀點。

35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedin

Sydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.（20世紀60年代初，澳大利亞悉尼發(fā)生了一

件大事。這座城市發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的港口。廠和最后一句"Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.（但

正是港口造就了這座城市。）”可知，第一段主要是講悉尼發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。故選C。

36.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段'"Tilmisstheseoldboats,hesaidasweparted.，'我會想念這些

I口船的，''我們分手時他說。）”和第五段第二句"Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotsoelegant,

andthey*notfuntopilot.（雙體船更快，但它們不那么優(yōu)雅，駕駛起來也不有趣。戶可知，

AndrewReynolds喜歡那些IFl渡船。故選D。

37.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句中的"initsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneyswept

asidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings（在20世紀70年代奔向現(xiàn)代化的過

程中，悉尼拋棄了許多過去的東西，包括許多最漂亮的建筑戶和第四句"Wecan'tseemto

makeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.（我們似乎無法決定是要

一個現(xiàn)代的城市還是?個傳統(tǒng)的城市。戶可知，ShirleyFitzgerald認為悉尼正在丟失傳統(tǒng)。

故選Ao

38.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句"Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesame

limehasitsattractions.（另一方面，同時年輕和年老也有它的吸引力。）“可知，作者會認阿‘一

座城市可以同時年輕和年老''的觀點。故選A。

Passage6

（2022全國乙卷D篇）TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuch

moneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhas

shown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5g

ofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthat

today'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,putting

thematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataof

thefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedto

generate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutby

manufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewer

kilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasury

figures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitre

ofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxand

arerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmost

alcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresper

year.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugar

taxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsfbrsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatingin

schools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,

andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

39.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

40.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts?sugarcontent.

41.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.

B.Milk-baseddrinks.

C.Fruitjuices.

D.ClassicCoke.

42.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

【答案】39.C40.D41.D42.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及

青少年的健康問題，同時該收入用于學校體育。

39.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoft

drinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhood

obesity.（該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助

減少兒童肥胖戶可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖，保護兒童健康。故選C項。

40.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshave

hadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已經(jīng)降

低了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅）”可知，一些飲料公司通過降低

了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來避稅。故選D項。

41.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,

haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruit

juices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompanies

manufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂，已經(jīng)接

受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因為擔心會惹惱消費者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精

飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的戶可知，糖稅主要來自經(jīng)典可口

可樂這些高糖品牌。故選D項。

42.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,show

thepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesand

healthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它

為學校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊）“可知，糖稅政策帶來了積極影響。由此推

知，糖稅政策的實施是一個成功的政策。故選B項。

Passage9

（2022新高考I卷D篇）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,0（）0differentsounds,fromthe

common"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertain

soundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-related

changesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchas"f*'and"v",weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,

hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned

（對齊），makingithardtoproducelabiode