講次06 選句填空六選四解題技巧之一-2021年高考英語(yǔ)題型大沖關(guān)（上海專用）

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閱讀六選四解題技巧分析（1）

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一、題型介紹:

2017年上海高考閱讀題型除了增加一篇summarywriting之外，還增加一個(gè)語(yǔ)篇，挖出4個(gè)句子，進(jìn)

行6選4。此題型在篇章后附有6個(gè)句子，每句出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句相匹配的段落。

這一閱讀新題型固然有著不同于傳統(tǒng)閱讀解題方法的種種方面，但同時(shí)也具備一些可以為考生所利用的新

特點(diǎn)。

二、題型特點(diǎn):

1.題干中的細(xì)節(jié)往往反映文章的主旨或段落主題，考生可據(jù)此了解原文內(nèi)容。通過(guò)快速閱讀題干中的若干

條細(xì)節(jié)信息，考生可以迅速了解文章的主旨大意，從而能夠在回頭閱讀原文時(shí)加快閱讀速度，節(jié)省定位時(shí)

間。

2.題干提供的細(xì)節(jié)信息中往往暗含一些文章所必需的邏輯關(guān)系，考生可以利用這種關(guān)系預(yù)先對(duì)一些表述進(jìn)

行排序。長(zhǎng)篇閱讀的文章一般為說(shuō)明文或議論文，而這類文章最顯著的特點(diǎn)就是具有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。所以，

在介紹一個(gè)新事物時(shí)，文章通常會(huì)采用循序漸進(jìn)、前因后果的方法來(lái)敘述，而根據(jù)這種邏輯進(jìn)行解題之前

的預(yù)先排序?qū)τ诮獯鸫祟愵}型有著非常重要的意義。

3.題干提供的信息表述中通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些具有特殊意義的指示性詞語(yǔ)，這類詞語(yǔ)雖然不是通常意義上的定

位關(guān)鍵詞，但其特殊含義可將考生的注意力指向原文的開頭、結(jié)尾或是某個(gè)具：特殊特征的段落。這些詞通

常包括如下三類：

①能夠指示開頭段的詞，4口：overview,introduction,initiation,mainidea,definition等；

②能夠指示結(jié)尾段的詞，如future,solution,conclusion,suggestion,summary;

③能夠幫助考生回原文定位的特殊詞，如rate,ratio,proportion,percentage,number,figure,statistics等。考生

能夠通過(guò)這些指示性詞語(yǔ)縮小回原文定位的范圍，從而快速判定其所在細(xì)節(jié)信息對(duì)應(yīng)的原文段落。

三、解題步驟：

1.看標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題預(yù)測(cè)文章大意

2.看選項(xiàng)，找出和文章相對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞

3.通讀全文，查看主題句，分析結(jié)構(gòu)

4.看空前空后內(nèi)容，分析之間的邏輯性

5.靈活掌握答題順序（先易后難）

6.代入答案，重點(diǎn)核查邏輯關(guān)系。

四、題型分解

［段首題］

1.空格為主旨句

在某段第一句設(shè)空的內(nèi)容通常是該段落主旨句，學(xué)生需要通過(guò)認(rèn)真研讀該段的內(nèi)容，然后從選項(xiàng)中查

找下文的同義詞或其他相關(guān)詞或句的方法，從而確定答案；有時(shí)則需反復(fù)讀設(shè)空處后面一兩句或更多內(nèi)容，

確定關(guān)鍵信息詞，然后在各個(gè)選項(xiàng)中查找關(guān)聯(lián)詞和信息句。一般正確答案選項(xiàng)與所設(shè)空后的第一句在意義

上是緊密銜接的，因此正確選項(xiàng)和原文的內(nèi)容是連貫且符合邏輯的。

［典例］37Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyifsimportant.Doyouwanttogetupintime

tohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouare

clearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.

B.Findtherightmotivation.

分析：本題空格在段首，需要填一個(gè)主旨句或一個(gè)承上啟下句。由本段中的“為了作出改變，你需要決定為

什么它很重要”及“一旦你清楚了自己的理由……''等描述可知，你要想清楚為什么要早起，故選B項(xiàng)“找到

合適的動(dòng)機(jī)”。本設(shè)空類型屬于段落主題句類。

［典例］

Ifthekeytosuccessistoincreaseourfailure,thenitmakessensetocelebrateoursetbacks.Yes,youheard

right:ifsomeoneturnsyoudown,celebrateit!Insteadofmentallypunishingyourselffornotsucceeding,buy

yourselficecreamandsay,"I'monestepclosertosuccessStoplettingfailurehaveanegativeimpactonyour

thoughtsandemotions.

A.Seecourageasa“muscle”.

B.Celebrateyourfailures.

C.Everyonesetssuccessgoals.

D.Withthisthoughtinmind,you'resucceedingevenwhenyoufail.

E.Allthecourageyouneedtoachievesuccessisalreadyinyou,justwaitingforyoutotakeaction.

F.Theyseethemselvesinthemiddle,anddoeverythingtheycantomovetowardsuccessandawayfrom

failure.

【分析】B本段主要講對(duì)待失敗的態(tài)度，由此可知應(yīng)選B為本段標(biāo)題。

2.空格為承上啟下句

在某段第一句設(shè)空的內(nèi)容也有可能為承上啟下的句子，這就需要學(xué)生做到瞻前顧后，既熟悉上一段結(jié)

尾的內(nèi)容，又結(jié)合下一段的內(nèi)容，分析所選的答案是否能夠?qū)啥蝺?nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。

［典例］Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisks

increasesduringyourteenageyears.74(E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothe

biggerworld.)Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoften

meantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainarinsesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.

75Fortherisk-seekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,a

partofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.

G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.

分析：本題空格在段首，需要填一個(gè)主旨句或一個(gè)承上啟下句。上文主要講述了科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)一

對(duì)冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)的熱愛(ài)在青少年時(shí)期有所增長(zhǎng)。大腦增加了對(duì)新經(jīng)歷的渴望，而新的經(jīng)歷也意味著許多冒險(xiǎn)。

75題承接上文，引入下文的講述，即“新的大腦研究表明當(dāng)我們面對(duì)緊張的情況時(shí)，我們的大腦的工作方式

是不同的?！又U述是如何的不同。故選G項(xiàng)。

［段尾題］

1.空格為總結(jié)、概括句

做題時(shí)一要注意空格前的一句或兩句；二是注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)的信號(hào)詞，如to

conclude,inaword,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,therefore,asaresult等詞語(yǔ)；三是要注意與前文的

邏輯關(guān)系，找到關(guān)鍵的線索詞句，如表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、并列或排比的關(guān)系。如果第一段的段尾是空格，要

認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些

信號(hào)詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來(lái)，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。

【典例］Rumination:Thisiswhenyouaretooworriedabouthowbadthesituationis,focusingonlyonyourfears.

Psychologistssaythebestwaytofightthistypeofthinkingistofindsomethingpositiveabouttheexperience,no

matterhowsmall,andrefocusyourthinkingonthatthing.Itcouldbetheniceviewoutyourwindoworthemovie

beingshown.

A.Thebestwaytofightitistocloseyoureyesandrelax,tryingtoenjoyagoodsleep.

B.Inthiscase,itmightinvolveseverelycriticizingoneselfforbeingafraidofflying.

C.Thebestwaytofightthistypeoffearisacknowledgeyourfearandchallengeit.

D.Whateverilis,movingyourthoughtsoutsidethesituationcanhelpcalmyouranxiety.

E.Thisiswhenyoucan'tstopthinkingaboutwhatmayhappenifyouleaveanything

valuablebehind.

F.Thisiswhenapersonallowshimselftofeelhopelesslyoutofcontroloftheenvironment

aroundhim.

【分析】D.本句是對(duì)本段的總結(jié)。通讀本段可知，本段介紹了害怕飛行的原因之一，即過(guò)度專注于自

己的害怕情緒，并提出了最好的解決方案是想想飛行中積極正面的東西來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)害怕情緒的過(guò)度關(guān)注，與

選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容相符。

2.空格為承上啟下句

還有可能這一空是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段

開頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否能與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來(lái)。

【典例】Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbettering

yourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludes

knowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinion,howtorecognizepoor

reasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources..

A.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.

B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.

C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.

D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.

E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.

F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthorspointofview.

G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceive

fromcommonsources.

【分析】G這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是一個(gè)段落的結(jié)尾句，這種選項(xiàng)通常起著總結(jié)上文，提示下文的功能。根據(jù)文章第二

段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建議，因此本空引出了下文的多個(gè)建議，故選擇G項(xiàng)。

［段中題］

段中設(shè)空即主題句或展開句。尤其注意分析空前后的邏輯關(guān)系和行文邏輯及內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意句間

的銜接手段。其特點(diǎn)主要以轉(zhuǎn)折手法引出主題句，或者是用來(lái)承上啟下的過(guò)渡句，也可能是補(bǔ)充前文具體

的事實(shí)、事例和說(shuō)明。因此第一步需要依據(jù)信息詞將選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行排除之后，把剩下的幾個(gè)可能正確的選項(xiàng)依

次代入設(shè)空處，最終判斷和確定一個(gè)選項(xiàng)和空白處前后內(nèi)容能達(dá)到語(yǔ)意連貫，邏輯關(guān)系清晰，于是得出了

正確答案。下面列舉常考的依據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系設(shè)置的考題。

1.從行文邏輯上判斷——例證關(guān)系

前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過(guò)程基本是歸納（從例子到觀點(diǎn)）

和推理（從觀點(diǎn)到例子）。

【典例】TheBottomLine.70ConsumerReportsrecommendsthatadultseatnomorethan1%

to2cupsofcooked（brownorwhite）riceaweek.Andhereisawaytolessenrisk:Rinseyourrice,cookitinsix

partswatertoonepartriceuntilitreacheseatingtexture,andthenpourofftheextrawater.Thiscanremoveabout

halfthearsenic.

D.Untilmorestudiesaredone,curbyourconsumptionofarsenic.

F.Brownricetendstohavemorearsenicbecausethemetalconcentratesintheouterlayers,whichareburnishedoff

inwhiterice.

【分析】D?？偲鹁錇門heBottomLine.底線，而后文又提及到一系列具體做法，所以判斷為D,直到更多

相關(guān)研究出來(lái)之前，控制你自身對(duì)于碑的消耗。

2.從行文邏輯上判斷——轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句構(gòu)成逆轉(zhuǎn)邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間有however（然而），

nevertheless（然而，不過(guò)），still（還，仍然），though（可是，不過(guò)，然而），yet（然而），onthecontrary（正相反），

incontrast（與此相反，相比之下），incomparison（比較起來(lái)，與...比較），bycomparison（相比之下）等連接詞，

則表明前后兩句話是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn)折。

［典例］"Peopletendtothinkinaneither-orway.Ifyou'restuckintraffic,theneverythingelsemustbegoing

horriblytoo,"saysAnneParker,awellnesscounselor..Instead,acknowledgethatyou'restuckintraffic,

butalsobringtomindsomethinggood,likethebeautifulsceneryoutsidethewindow.Thatway,you'llgetinthe

habitofforbiddingnegativecircumstancesfromblanketingyourwholeday.

C.Actinanoptimisticway:smile,laugh,tellajoke.

D.Byblowingnegativeeventsoutofproportion,you1resettingyourselfupforfeelingdownallday.

F.Beinggratefulandhappyaren'talwayseasy.

【分析】D。4艮據(jù)后句Instead,acknowledgethatyou'restuckintraffic,butalsobringtomindsomethinggood,like

thebeautifulsceneryoulsidethewindow.可知該空要填的句子應(yīng)與instead內(nèi)容相反，所以選D.

3.從行文邏輯上判斷——因果關(guān)系

做題時(shí)最重要的是要在讀懂空格前后的句子的基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)彼此的關(guān)系來(lái)確認(rèn)答案。有時(shí)，前后的句子之

間出現(xiàn)asaresult（結(jié)果），thus/therefore（因此），so（such）...that（如此以至于）等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)，表明前后句有

著原因和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，說(shuō)明前因后果或者前果后因等情況。

［典例］Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagricultural

societies,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities..

?kA.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.

【分析】A空格的上一句話提到了，即使在先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)，也需要大約95個(gè)農(nóng)民養(yǎng)活5個(gè)城市人，這只

有一個(gè)結(jié)果，就是使得城市很小，與A項(xiàng)信息呼應(yīng)。

4.從行文邏輯上判斷——遞進(jìn)關(guān)系

遞進(jìn)關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間有also（也，而且），

further（進(jìn)一步地，而且），furthermore（而且，此夕卜），likewise（同樣地，也），similarly（相同她，類似地），moreover（而

且，此外），inaddition（另外，加之），what'smore（更重要的是），notonly...butalso（不但....而且）等連接詞或

詞組，則表明前后兩句是邏輯上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，空格處很有可能是個(gè)遞進(jìn)的句子。

【典例】Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthe

country..Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefannerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmeris

abletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.

??F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.

【分析】F。解析空格前面的一句話提到，在過(guò)去的兩個(gè)世紀(jì)里，工業(yè)革命打破了城鄉(xiāng)之間的平衡。后一

句話提到，現(xiàn)在的情況不需要95個(gè)農(nóng)民養(yǎng)活5個(gè)城市人了，在美國(guó)一個(gè)農(nóng)民就能養(yǎng)活一百多個(gè)非農(nóng)民，與

F項(xiàng)信息，即：“現(xiàn)代化把人們吸引到城市里來(lái)，并使得農(nóng)民更加多產(chǎn)”一致。

5.從行文邏輯上判斷——并列關(guān)系

如果空格前后兩句話之間有first（首先，第一），second（第二），third（第三）；firstly（第一，首先），secondly（第

二（點(diǎn)），其次），thirdly（第三）；first（第一），next（其次），then（那么，然后）；inthefirstplace（第一，首先），inthe

secondplace（第二，其次）；foronething（首先，一則），foranother（其次）；tobeginwith（首先，第一），toconclude（最

后）等連接詞或詞組，則表明前后兩句是邏輯上的并列關(guān)系，空格處很有可能是個(gè)并列的句子。

［典例］Swearingtolose20poundsortorunamarathonseemslikegoalsleadingtohappiness,buttheytaketime

toachieve.Byfocusingonnothavingaccomplishedthemyet,youwillstarttofeeldownonyourself..

However:ifyoufocusonthesmallmilestonesthatoccuralongtheway,youwillfeelpositiveaboutyourprogress,

whichwillgiveyouthestrengthtokeepgoing.

B.Youllfailtoappreciatemoreimportantthingsinyourlife.

E.Youmayevenendupadmittingthatyouhavebeendefeated.

【分析】Eo才艮據(jù)Byfocusingonnothavingaccomplishedthemyet,youwillstarttofeeldownonyourself.及空

格后However:ifyoufocusonthesmallmilestonesthatoccuralongtheway,youwillfeelpositiveaboutyour

progress,whichwillgiveyouthestrengthtokeepgoing.可知空格應(yīng)與前句構(gòu)成并列與后句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以

選E.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed,（8%）

A.Notonlymustmineralsbesolidbuttheyalsomusthaveafixedchemicalmakeup.

B.Themeaningofmineraldependsonitsorigin

C.Whatexactlyismeantbyamineralinchemistryterm?

D.Sheisestablishinghabitsofthoughtshecancalluponinordertounderstandorsolve

futureproblems.

E.Forexample,manymineralsoriginatefrommeltedrockcalledmagma(巖漿)thatcomes

fromdeepwithinEarth.

F.Instead,ifsdeliberatepractice.

HaveyoueverplayedthegameTwentyQuestions?Ifso,youmayhavebeenaskedthequestions^Isitanimal,

vegetable,ormineral?”Thedefinitionofmineralinchemistry,however,differsfromthedefinitionofmineralin

TwentyQuestion.(1)Mineralssharefivebasiccharacteristicsinchemistry.Ifamateriallacksevenone

ofthesecharacteristics,thematerialisnotaminerals.

Tobeginwith,mineralsmustbenaturallyoccurring.Scientistsdefine"naturallyoccurring^^ascomingfrom

naturalprocesseswithintheearth.Becausemineralscomefromtheearth,theyareindeednaturallyoccurring.(2)

Overtime.Someofitrisestothesurface,andlargeglassyparticlescalledcrystalsareformed.

Crystalscomeinavarietyofcolorsandincludequartzanddiamond.

Mineralsmustalsobeinorganic(無(wú)機(jī)).(3)Inorganicmaterialdoesn'thaveanyorganicmatter.

Additionally,mineralshaveasolidstructure.Unlikegassesandliquidsthatexpandtofillwhatevercontainer

theyareplacedin,mineralsmaintainaconstantsolidshape.

(4)Mineralsaremadefromatomsthatarelinkedinspecificways.Forexample,commonsaltis

alwayscomposedofonechlorine(CI)atombondedtoonesodium(Na)atom.TheseatomsformoneNaCImolecule.

Therefore,nomatterhowmuchsalt,orsodiumchloride,ispresent,itisalwaysarrangedinaone-to-oneratioof

sodium(Na)tochlorine(CI)atoms.

Thefinalfeaturerequiredofmineralsisthattheirindividualatomsbeorganizedintoregularrepeatedpatterns.

Thesepatternsarecalledcrystalstructures.Crystalsaresimilartoasetofblocks,stackedalongsideandontopof

oneanolhe匚Whatdistinguishescrystalsfromothermaterialsisthatcrystalshavea3Dshapethatisconsistently

repeatedthroughoutthesubstance.

【答案】CEDF

【解析】

1.橫線前面一句是講礦物質(zhì)在化學(xué)中的定義是不同兩個(gè)問(wèn)題中是不同的，橫線后面是講解礦物質(zhì)又物種特

性。所以中間很明顯是它在化學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)中的不同所以選擇C.

2.前面兩句主要說(shuō)的是礦物質(zhì)是來(lái)源于地表，所以選擇E.

3.前面一句講礦物質(zhì)必須是無(wú)機(jī)的。后面一句說(shuō)無(wú)機(jī)物質(zhì)是不會(huì)又有機(jī)物質(zhì)的。所以很明顯是選擇D。

4.需要把這一段讀完，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這段主要講解是礦物質(zhì)和其他化學(xué)成分不同所以選擇F.

2

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?

B.Magazinefeaturingfuturecarssellespeciallywell.

C.Airbagsaren,tthebe-allandend-allinsafety.

D.Crazyfanslookforwardtothelaunchoffuturecars.

E.Allofthesethingsarelikelytochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.

F.Theyfeaturedunconventionalthingslikesmallnuclearreactorsaspowersources.

Likemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,especiallybecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacar

guyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.

Everysooften,oneofthosemagazineswouldrunanarticleonthe"CarsoftheFuture'1.(67)Yet,frankly,

mycardoesn'tdoanythingthatmybrother'sStudebakerdidn'tdo.Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline.Istillhaveto

steerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon'tsteeritcarefully.

Butguesswhat?(68)Itmaynotburngasoline,Imaynothavetosteerit,anditmaybealotbetterat

notrunningintothings.

(69)Infact,consideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsin

low-speedcrashes,theyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.Buttheyaren'tgoingaway,andinfact,youcan

expecttoseecarsappearingwithadditional,side-impactairbags,somethingsomeEuropeancarmanufacturers

alreadyoffer.

Betterthansystemstominimizeinjuryintheeventofanaccident,however,aresystemsthatminimizethe

likelihoodofanaccidenthappeninginthefirstplace?Futurecarsmaybeabletoremovemanyofthemajorcauses

ofaccidents,includingdrunk-driving,andtailgating(與前車￡巨離過(guò)近).Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthat

candetectalcoholinadriver'ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstarted,forexample.Asearlyasnextyear,

you'llbeabletobuycarswithradar-equippedcontrolsystems.Iftheradardeterminesyou'reclosingtooquickly

withthecarinfront,itwilleaseuponthethrottle(油門).

Scientistsarenowworkingonasystemthatcanbrake,accelerateandsteeravehicledownahighwayonits

own.(70)

【答案】67-70FECA

【分析】

67.F中的They代指前面的carsofthefuture,且句子意思對(duì)應(yīng)。選F

68.Allofthesethings代指前面的traditionalcars的內(nèi)容。選E

69.空格后面一句的they代指前面的空格的airbags,跟安全有關(guān)。選C

70.空格前面的內(nèi)容其實(shí)代表的是autonomousdriving,自動(dòng)駕駛，所以空格選擇的A。

3

Mostparentsknowthattheyneedlifeinsurance.Butmanywouldratherhavearootcanalthanshopforthe

bestlifeinsurancepolicy.

“Peopledon'tthinkabout,'WhatwillmyfamilydoifIamgoneandnotearningaliving??,,saysPeterKatt,a

fee-onlylifeinsuranceadviser."Thewholepointofthiskindofplanningistoprovidethefamilywithmaximum

flexibilitysothey'renotstuck.^^

Planningforyourdeathisnotacheerfultopic.Toooften,parentsmakeaquickdecision,ignoringimportant

considerations.Amongtheirmistakesoneisthattheydonotbuyenoughlifeinsurance.47"Theydon't

thinkthatthepersonwhoisnotbringinginanincomeneedslifeinsurance,^saysGregDaugherty,executiveeditor

ofConsumersUnion.Butifthatpersondies,theotherparentcan'tstopworkingandusuallyhastopaysomeoneto

helpcarefbrthefamily.

48.Kattrecommendedthatoneyoungcoupleshouldbuy$3millionfbrthehusbandwhoearns

$100,000ayearand$1millionforthestay-at-homewife.

Atthesametime,manyfamiliesrelyonemployer-providedlifeinsurance,butemployer-providedcoverageis

rarelysufficienttosupportyourfamily.Manyemployer-providedpoliciesprovideadeathbenefitof$10,000to

$25,000—barelyenoughtocoveryourfuneralexpense.Someemployersprovideayear'ssalary,butthatmayalso

fallwellshortoftheamountyourfamilywouldneedtomaintainitsstandardofliving.

Someemployersletworkersbuygrouplifeinsurancethroughpayrolldeductions.Theymaybeagooddealfor

workerswhohavehealthproblemsthatwoulddisqualifythemforanindividualpolicy.Butifyou'reyoungand

healthy,youmaybeabletogetabetterrateonyourown.

Anotherdrawbackisthatifyouleaveyourjob,youmaynotbeabletotakeyourinsurance/'Giventhejob

market,mostofusarenotabsolutelycertainthatourjobsaresecure,^Daughertysays.“49

Ontheotherhand,somefamiliesbuytoomuchinsurance.Noteveryoneneedslifeinsurance.Somepeople

buylifeinsurancefbrbabies,whichisunnecessary,unlessthebabyisachildmodelwhoissupportingthefamily,

Daughertysays:Thepuiposeofinsuranceistoreplacetheincomethatafamilyhasbeenrelyingon.Singlepeople

andthosewhohavenochildrentocarefbrusuallydon'tneedlifeinsurance.

Kattsaysamanwithsubstantialsavingsinstocksandbondsandothersourcesofincomerecentlyaskedhim

howmuchlifeinsuranceheneeds."Isaidnone/Xattsays.“50

A.Therearepeoplewhodon'tneedlifeinsurancebuthaveitandmanymorepeoplewhoneeditbut

arewoefullyuninsured.

B.Familiesdon'talwaysinsureaparentwhoisstayinghometocareforthechildren.

C.Mostpeopleputoffbuyinglifeinsuranceforanynumberofreasonsiftheyevenunderstandit.

D.Evenifyouhavealotofinsuranceatwork,itmakessensetohavesomemoreinsuranceonyour

own.

E.Ifyoufallseriouslyillofsuffersignificantinjurylater,itwillmakeittoughertogetthatkindof

policy,ifanyatall.

F.Tomakeinsurancemoreaffordable,youmaynotneedtobuythesameamountofinsuranceforboth

parents.

【答案】BFDA

【分析】本文是一篇社會(huì)生活類短文。大多數(shù)父母都知道他們需要生命保險(xiǎn)，但不愿購(gòu)買最優(yōu)質(zhì)的人壽保

險(xiǎn)。有些人不需要保險(xiǎn)卻持有著保險(xiǎn)，而許多需要保險(xiǎn)的人不幸的是，沒(méi)有保險(xiǎn)。

【47題詳解】

根據(jù)空格后：因?yàn)樗麄儾徽J(rèn)為沒(méi)有收入的人需要人身保險(xiǎn)。得知前面說(shuō)的是人們不會(huì)為在家照顧孩子的一

個(gè)家長(zhǎng)買保險(xiǎn)。故選B。

【48題詳解】

根據(jù)空格后：凱特建議一對(duì)年輕夫婦給每年收入10萬(wàn)美元的丈夫買300萬(wàn)美元保險(xiǎn)，給當(dāng)家庭主婦的妻子

買1百萬(wàn)?？梢缘弥蚱揠p方購(gòu)買的保險(xiǎn)數(shù)目不用相同。故選F。

【49題詳解】

根據(jù)空格前：考慮到務(wù)工市場(chǎng)，多數(shù)人不能確定自己工作的保障性。因此即使你有工作保險(xiǎn)，擁有一些保

障自己的保險(xiǎn)仍然是重要的。故選D。

【50題詳解】

根據(jù)空格前：卡特說(shuō)，一個(gè)在股票、債券和其他來(lái)源上有大量?jī)?chǔ)蓄的人咨詢自己要買多少人壽保險(xiǎn)，說(shuō)明

卡特想要指出有些人不需要保險(xiǎn)卻持有著保險(xiǎn)，而許多需要保險(xiǎn)的人不幸的是，沒(méi)有保險(xiǎn)。故選A。

【點(diǎn)睛】六選四題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的

關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)或段

落的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)解題很有用。

分析本文的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)，可以知道第一段是文章的主題句，然后接下來(lái)各段的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)都是主題句(總)+支

撐句(分)(分述主題的具體內(nèi)容/說(shuō)明原因/舉例證明等)。所以第2小題是本段的主題句凱特建議夫妻雙

方購(gòu)買的保險(xiǎn)數(shù)目不用相同，這對(duì)年輕夫婦給每年收入10萬(wàn)美元的丈夫買300萬(wàn)美元保險(xiǎn)，給當(dāng)家庭主婦

的妻子買1百萬(wàn)。可以得知夫妻雙方購(gòu)買的保險(xiǎn)不用相同，故選F。

4

WeAmericansingestanaverageof25poundsofriceayear-andaportionofthatcomesdrinking

beer.Yes,riceisasampleinourdiet.Butisitasafeone?ConsumerReportsrecentlyfound'*troubling

"levelsofinorganicarsenic,aknownhumancarcinogen(asubstancewhichcancausecancer),inalmostevery

rice-containingfoodittested.(1)Butricetakesuparsenicfromsoilandwatermorereadilythanother

grainsdo.

Health-consciousconsumersrelyonbrownrice,whichhasevenmorearsenic.IntheConsumerReports

test,aquartercupofuncookedwhitericehadfromroughly1to7microgramsofinorganicarsenic,whilebrown

ricehadfrom4to10micrograms.Whythedifference?(2).

Whataboutricecakes?Theycontainedfrom2to8microgramsperserving,whilehotandready-to-eat

ricecerealshad2to7micrograms:Theselevelsareatleastfivetimeshigherthanricecerealshad2to7

micrograms.Theselevelsareatleastfivetimeshigherthanthosefoundinothercereals,suchasoatmeal.

Studiesshowthatpeopleexposedtolargeamountsofarsenicformanyyearsaremorelikelytodieof

cancer.InBangladesh,peoplewhodranktapwaterthatcontained50to149microgramsofarsenicperliterfora

0or30years,forexample,were44percentmorelikelytodieofcancer.(3)(TheU.S.Environmental

ProtectionAgencylimitsthetotalamountofarsenicindrinkingwaterto10microgramsperliter.)Butourtotal

riskisunclear.Thereisn'tenoughdatetosetalimitoninorganicarsenicinfood,saystheInstituteofMedicine

oftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

TheBottomLine:(4)ConsumerReportsrecommendsthatadultseatnomorethan11/2to2cupsof

cooked(brownorwhite)riceaweek,Andhereisawaytolessenrisk:Rinseyourrice,cookitinsixpartswater

toonepartriceuntilitreacheseatingtexture,andthenpourofftheextrawater.Thiscanremoveabouthalfthe

arsenic.

A.Youmightwonderwhatoneconsciousportionofricecoulddoforyourwholebody

B.Americansareluckytobeexposedtolowerlevelsofarsenic.

C.Thispoisonouselementisinawiderangeoffood----includingfruits,vegetablesandgrains.

D.Untilmorestudiesaredone,curbyourconsumptionofarsenic.

E.Brownriceappearstobethemosteffectivewholegrainforthehealthygrowthofhuman

beings,butitsdarkercolorcaneasilyabsorbtoomucharsenic.

F.Brownricetendstohavemorearsenicbecausethemetalconcentratesintheouterlayers,whichare

burnishedoffinwhitenice.

【解答】CFBD

1.C.聯(lián)系上文題.根據(jù)前文ConsumerReportsrecentlyfound1'troubling''levelsofinorganicarsenic,aknown

humancarcinogen(asubstancewhichcancausecancer),inalmosteveryrice-containingfoodittested.可知

消費(fèi)者報(bào)告最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾乎每一種大米中都含有”令人不安的”無(wú)機(jī)碑，一種已知的人類致癌物.C項(xiàng)：This

poisonouselementisinawiderangeoffood--includingfruits,vegetablesandgrains.這種有毒元素存在于

多種食物中，包括水果、蔬菜和谷物.符合文意，故選C.

2.F.理解判斷題.根據(jù)前文IntheConsumerReportstest,aquartercupofuncookedwhitericehadfromroughly

1to7microgramsofinorganicarsenic,whilebrownricehadfrom4to10micrograms.Whythedifference?可

知在消費(fèi)者報(bào)告測(cè)試中，四分之一杯未煮熟的白米含有大約1到7微克的無(wú)機(jī)碑，而糙米含有4到10微克

的無(wú)機(jī)鐘.為什么會(huì)有差異？F項(xiàng)：Brownricetendstohavemorearsenicbecausethemetalconcentratesinthe

outerlayers,whichareburnishedoffinwhitenice.糙米往往含有更多的石中，因?yàn)榻饘偌性谕鈱樱鈱颖?/p>

打磨成白色.符合文意，故選F.

3.B.語(yǔ)境辨析題.根據(jù)后文TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencylimitsthetotalamountofarsenicin

drinkingwaterto10microgramsperliter.可知美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署將飲用水中種的總量限制在每升10微克.B

項(xiàng)：Americansareluckytobeexposedtolowerlevelsofarsenic.美國(guó)人很幸運(yùn)能接觸到低水平的碑.符合語(yǔ)

境，故選B.

4.D.邏輯推理題.根據(jù)后文ConsumerReportsrecommendsthatadultseatnomorethan11/2to2cupsofcooked

(brownorwhite)riceaweek,可知《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》建議成年人每周食用不超過(guò)11/2至2杯煮熟(棕色或白

色)大米.D項(xiàng)：Untilmorestudiesaredone,curbyourconsumptionofarsenic.在做更多的研究之前，控

制你對(duì)沖的消費(fèi).符合文意，故選D.

1

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentenceslistedbelow.Eachsentencecanonlybeused

once.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.

A.Evennow,someAdidasemployeesandPumaemployeesdon'ttalktoeachother.

B.Thebrothersfinallybegantotalkwitheachotheragainaftersomanyyears.

C.AtfirsthewantedtocallitRuda,buteventuallyhecalleditPuma,afterthewildcat.

D.Youcannotplaysportswearingshoesthatyou'dwalkaroundtownwith

E.Butin1948thebrothersargued

F.Itbecamepopularalmostovernight.

BrotherlyLove?

AdidasandPumahavebeentwoofthebiggestnamesinsportsshoemanufacturingforoverhalfa

century.ButthestoryofthesetwocompaniesbeginsinonehouseinthetownofHerzogenaurach,Germany.

AdolphandRudolphDasslerwerethesonsofashoemaker.Theylovedsportbutcomplainedthattheycould

neverfindcomfortableshoestoplayin.Rudolphalwayssaid,"------------67---------.“Sotheystartedmakingtheir

own.In1920Adolphmadethefirstpairofathleticsshoeswithspikes（4丁），producedontheDasslers'kitchentable.

On1stJuly1924theyformedashoecompany,DasslerBrothersLtdandthey