2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit3Theworldofscience單元素能自測(cè)課后作業(yè)含解析外研版必修第三冊(cè)

Unit3Theworldofscience單元素能自測(cè)Ⅰ.完形填空IbelieveIhadtheperfectlife.BecauseIwasaboutto__1__myhighschool,andonmywaytocollege,Ihadgreatfriendsandalovingfamily.Therewasnothingmissing.ButIspoketoosoon.Itwasaround9：25amthatIheardthenewsthatwould__2__mylifeforever.MybrotherZachhadbeeninacaraccident.Hefoughtforfivedaysbeforehe__3__.Thatday,Ibecameanonlychild.Ifeltextremely__4__.AfterZach'sdeath,Ifound__5__infood.Iate,thenIslept,thenIateagain.Icouldn'tcry.Icouldhardlyfeelanything,andIwas__6__.Istoppedbuildingrelationshipsforfearthattheywouldendjustas__7__asZach'slife.Also,Ibecamenervousaboutanypotentiallydangeroussituations—drivinglateatnight—butIcouldn'texpressthisfearoflife__8__Iwantedtobestrongformyparents.Isawmyparents'__9__worsethanminebecauseofthelosingoftheirson.Ididn'twantthemtocareaboutme.Ialsoexperiencedalotof__10__，becauseIwasangryaboutwhythesadnesshadhappenedtome,andIneverescapedfromthisemotion.Now,ithasbeennearlyfiveyearssinceZach'sdeath.Idon't__11__lifeanymore:Ifaceitbravely.I__12__myfriendshipsandbegansocializingmore.Ieven__13__Zach'sstorywithpeoplearoundme.Althoughmynewfriendsnevermethim,theyknowaboutZach.OnelessonIlearnedfromlosingmybrotherwasnevertobe__14__tosay,“Iloveyou.”Ilovedmybrother,butitwastoolatetoexpressitloudly.ThelasttimeIremembertellingmybrotherIlovedhimwaswhenhewasdying.Don'tmakethis__15__likeme.文章講解并描述了作者從弟弟的去世中得到一個(gè)教訓(xùn)：不要膽怯 對(duì)家人說(shuō)我愛(ài)你。1．A.admitB．finishC．skip D．determine解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。admit承認(rèn)；finish完成；skip跳過(guò)；determine確定。句意：因?yàn)槲伊⒖讨袑W(xué)畢業(yè)，去讀高校。依據(jù)后半句onmywaytocollege可知作者即將完成中學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)，考入高校，故選B。答案：B2．A.regret B．changeC．beautify D．solve解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。regret懊悔；change變更；beautify使美化；solve解決。句意：大約早上九點(diǎn)二十五分，我聽(tīng)到一個(gè)恒久變更我生活的消息。從下文可知弟弟的去世變更了作者的生活：不想交摯友。故選B。答案：B3．A.tookaway B．gaveawayC．passedaway D．flewaway解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞組。takeaway帶走；giveaway泄露；passaway去世；flyaway飛走。依據(jù)下一段AfterZach'sdeath可知Zach去世了。故選C。答案：C4．A.lonely B．tiredC．bored D．nervous解析：考查形容詞辨析。lonely孤獨(dú)的；tired疲乏的；bored厭煩的；nervous驚慌的。從上一句Ibecameanonlychild.可知弟弟去世后，我成了家里唯一的孩子，感覺(jué)很孤獨(dú)，故選A。答案：A5．A.interest B．benefitC．guidance D．relief解析：考查名詞辨析。interest愛(ài)好；benefit利益，好處；guidance指導(dǎo)；relief減輕，勸慰。句意：弟弟去世后，我從食物中找尋勸慰，吃了睡，醒了接著吃。故選D。答案：D6．A.funny B．hopefulC．patient D．senseless解析：考查形容詞辨析。funny好玩的；hopeful有希望的；patient有耐性的；senseless無(wú)意識(shí)的。由前半句Icouldhardlyfeelanything，可知作者感覺(jué)不到任何東西，是無(wú)意識(shí)的。故選D。答案：D7．A.finally B．suddenlyC．nearly D．seriously解析：考查副詞辨析。finally最終；suddenly突然地；nearly幾乎，差不多；seriously仔細(xì)地。從上文可知Zach是突然去世的。句意：我不再交摯友，因?yàn)槟懬?他們會(huì)像Zach一樣突然去世。故選B。答案：B8．A.so B．ifC．unless D．because解析：考查連詞辨析。so因此；if假如；unless除非；because因?yàn)椤＞湟猓和砩?，?duì)于可能存在危急的行駛場(chǎng)合我都特殊驚慌。但是，我不能表達(dá)對(duì)生活的恐驚，因?yàn)槲蚁朐诟改该媲氨憩F(xiàn)得堅(jiān)毅。故選D。答案：D9．A.pain B．discouragementC．willingness D．memory解析：考查名詞辨析。pain苦痛；discouragement泄氣；willingness樂(lè)意；memory記憶。父母失去兒子是苦痛的。句意：由于父母失去兒子，他們比我更苦痛。故選A。答案：A10．A.surprise B．a(chǎn)ngerC．disappointment D．doubt解析：考查名詞辨析。surprise驚異；anger怒火；disappointment悲觀；doubt懷疑。后半句becauseIwasangryaboutwhythesadnesshadhappenedtome為什么哀痛的事情發(fā)生在我身上，可知作者感覺(jué)很惱火。故選B。答案：B11．A.damage B．chooseC．fear D．leave解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。damage破壞；choose選擇；fear膽怯 ；leave離開(kāi)。依據(jù)下一句Ifaceitbravely可知作者不再膽怯 生活，而是英勇面對(duì)，故選C。答案：C12．A.produced B．rebuiltC．communicated D．raised解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。produce生產(chǎn)；rebuild重建；communicate溝通；raise提高。依據(jù)后半句．..andbegansocializingmore.可知作者重建友情，起先社交，故選B。答案：B13．A.copy B．a(chǎn)dvertiseC．share D．perform解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。copy復(fù)制；advertise做廣告；share共享；perform執(zhí)行。句意：我甚至和四周的人共享Zach的故事，盡管我的新?lián)从褟奈匆?jiàn)過(guò)Zach，但都知道他。share...with與某人共享某事。故選C。答案：C14．A.stubborn B．satisfiedC．brave D．a(chǎn)fraid解析：考查形容詞辨析。stubborn固執(zhí)的；satisfied滿足的；brave英勇的；afraid膽怯 的。句意：從失去弟弟這件事上我得到一個(gè)教訓(xùn)：不要膽怯 給家人說(shuō)我愛(ài)你。A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。答案：D15．A.mistake B．decisionC．explanation D．difference解析：考查名詞辨析。mistake錯(cuò)誤；decision確定；explanation說(shuō)明；difference不同。句意：不要像我一樣犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤。故選A。答案：AⅡ.閱讀理解Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthefirst-nighteffect.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownDrSasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity'sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.DrSasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants'brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,DrSasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鳴聲)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.這篇文章的主題和睡眠環(huán)境有關(guān)，在一個(gè)生疏的環(huán)境里，人們睡在生疏的床上通常會(huì)無(wú)法入眠，心理學(xué)家們將這種現(xiàn)象稱之為“初夜”效應(yīng)。本文圍圍著睡眠環(huán)境和探討者的調(diào)查內(nèi)容與結(jié)論綻開(kāi)敘述。1．WhatdowelearnaboutDrYukaSasakidoingherresearch?A．Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.B．Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.C．Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins.D．Sheconductedstudiesonbirds'anddolphins'sleepingpatterns.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.DrYukaSasaki從從前對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類和海豚的試驗(yàn)中知道動(dòng)物在睡覺(jué)時(shí)左半側(cè)大腦遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有右半側(cè)大腦睡得深，這樣可以使它們?cè)谛菹r(shí)保持對(duì)捕食者的警惕，表明動(dòng)物在睡眠狀態(tài)時(shí)的大腦活動(dòng)是不對(duì)稱的，Sasaki新奇人類狀況是否類似。可以得知對(duì)人類睡眠試驗(yàn)的想法來(lái)源于之前對(duì)鳥(niǎo)和海豚做的試驗(yàn)。故選C。答案：C2．WhatdidDrSasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?A．Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.B．Sherecruited(招募)35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.C．Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants'brains.D．Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。該題定位句是第三段“Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.”這句話提到試驗(yàn)的參與者在心理科學(xué)系睡了兩晚并且大腦活動(dòng)受到監(jiān)測(cè)。故選A。答案：A3．WhatdidDrSasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?A．Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.B．Sherecordedparticipants'adaptationtochangedenvironment.C．Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli(刺激物)．D．Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。該題定位句是最終一段“DrSasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鳴聲)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.”。這句話提到Sasaki博士重新進(jìn)行了一次試驗(yàn)，他讓睡眠中的參與者聽(tīng)了兩種聲音，分別是“mixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鳴聲)ofthesametone”(定時(shí)響起音調(diào)不變的嗶嗶聲)和“irregularbeepsofadifferenttone”(隨機(jī)響起音調(diào)各異的嗶嗶聲)。故選C。答案：C4．WhatdidDrSasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?A．Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.B．Theytendedtorecognizeirregularbeepsasathreat.C．Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.D．Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。該題定位句是最終一段Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.得知Sasaki博士在試驗(yàn)中發(fā)覺(jué)當(dāng)人們?cè)谏璀h(huán)境中睡覺(jué)時(shí)，左半側(cè)大腦保持醒悟以警惕生疏環(huán)境，對(duì)隨機(jī)發(fā)出的嗶嗶聲有所反應(yīng)將人們從睡眠中叫醒，并且同時(shí)會(huì)忽視定時(shí)發(fā)出的嗶嗶聲。可以推斷出人們會(huì)把隨機(jī)發(fā)出的嗶嗶聲視作一個(gè)威逼。故選B。答案：BⅢ.概要寫(xiě)作閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Ifyouhaven'tseenalpacameat(羊駝肉)onthemenuyet,chancesareyousoonwill.Itisrisinginpopularity;about70restaurantsacrossAustraliafeaturethemeatintheirdishes.AmongthemisMelbournerestaurantPastuso,whoseheadchefappearedinavideobytheAustralianAlpacaAssociationtodiscusshowpeoplehavelikedthedish.AlejandroSaravia,aPeruviancookatPastuso,describedthetasteassimilartobeef.“AlpacameathasbeenverywellenjoyedbytheAustralianpublic，”hesaidinthevideo.FamouscookMattMoran,whoownssomeofSydney'sleadingrestaurants,wroteanarticleforTheDailyTelegraphtodiscusshisexperienceofcookingalpacameat.Moransaidhehadnevertriedthemeatuntilhevisitedanalpacafarm,anddescribedtheflavouras“verytasty”，especiallythemeatfromtheneck.AlpacameathasalsostarredindishesattheMelbourneFoodandWineFestival,withTheAgereportingin2013about20Australianrestaurantsservedthemeat,anumberwhichhasgrownquicklysince.MelbournerestaurantSanTelmo'sheadcookMikePatrickresearchedanalpacadish,andsaidtheresponsewasmixed.“Itwas50/50:somepeoplesaid‘ohwow—whatareyoucookingthatfor