江蘇省常熟市高一下學期期中英語試題

2021~2022學年第二學期期中試卷高一英語注意事項：1.本試卷分為選擇題和非選擇題，滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.請將選擇題的答案填涂在答題卷上，非選擇題請直接在答題卷上規(guī)定的地方作答，答題前，務必將自己的學校、姓名、考試號等相關信息寫在答題卡上規(guī)定的地方。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whathappenedthismorning?A.Thewomanquarreledwithherboss.B.Thewomanoverslept.C.Thealarmclockdidn'tgooff.2.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Herhat.B.Hercoat.C.Hergloves.3.Whereisthemangoingprobably?A.Toahotelbar.B.Tohisroom.C.Toarestaurant.4.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$15.B.$30.C.$60.5.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Readingabook.B.Readingaletter.C.Collectingmoney.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Thereisnohotwater.B.Theshowerhandlecan'tbeturned.C.Thebreakfastisratherbad.7.Whatwillthewomandothismorning?A.Washherclothes.B.Havesomeappointments.C.Haveherhaircut.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ataschool.B.Atacinema.C.AtLily'shouse.9Whatmovieawardshowdoesthewomaninvitethemantowatch?A.TheHundredFlowersAwards.B.TheCannesFilmFestival.C.TheGoldenRoosterAwards.10.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutmovieawardshows?A.Theactors.B.Thedresses.C.Thestage.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdidthewomandoafterfailingtofindhercar?A.Shewenttothepolicestation.B.Shecalledthepoliceforhelp.C.Shetooktheundergroundbackhome.12.Whywasthewomanunabletofindhercar?A.Becauseshehadthecarstolen.B.Becauseshehadthecarpulledaway.C.Becauseshetookthewrongexit.13.Howdidthewomanfeelthatday?A.Happy.B.Silly.C.Angry.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Brotherandsister.C.Friends.15.Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?A.She'stheonlychild.B.She'stheyoungestchild.C.She'stheeldestchild.16.What'sthemainreasonwhythemanwantsasecondchild?A.Reducingtheagingpopulation.B.Solvingthelaborshortageproblem.C.Keepinghissonpany.17.Whatworriestheman'swifemostinhavingasecondchild?A.Theinfluenceonhercareer.B.Thehighcostofchildcareandliving.C.Thebalancebetweenherworkandfamily.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Tohelpstudentsprepareforthereallife.B.Toteachstudentstowriteapplicationletters.C.Toletstudentsknowaboutsometypicaljobs.19.Whowillhelpstudentstowriteapplicationletters?A.Ateacher.B.Theheadmaster.C.Amemberofthemittee.20.Whatisthelaststepofdoingtheproject?A.Makealistofsuitablejobs.B.Gatherstudents'opinions.C.Askstudentstotakeonresponsibility.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATheCurbcutEffect(路緣坡效應)referstothefactthatsupportingsmallgroupsofpeopleoftenendsuphelpingmuchlargerrangesofsociety.Curbcuts:EasingthewalkingInthe1940s,hundredsofthousandsofWorldWarⅡsoldiersreturnedhomewithdisabilities.Disappointedbythedifficultiestheyfaced,JackFisherofKalamazoo,Michigan,asoneofthem,askedhiscitygovernmenttobuildanexperimentalcurbcutagentleslopethatbringstheendofasidewalkdowntomeetthelevelofthestreetatthecornersofseveralblocksdowntown.Afewmonthslater,Fisherreportedthatevenresidentswithoutwheelchairswereenjoyingtheimpactofthelittleslopes.Readingmachines:GettingthemessageIn1976,technologistRayKurzweilinventedamachinefortheblindandvisuallydamagedtochangeimagesintotextthatitthenreadaloud.SmartspeakerswiththosevoicesarenowinroughlyonequarterofUShomes.Bydetectingstreetsignsandhousenumbers,itishelpingbuildthemapsthatselfdrivingcarsusetonavigatetheworld.Closedcaptions(字幕):FollowingtheconversationSearslaunchedthefirstTVwithabuiltinequipmentthatalloweddeafandhardofhearingviewerstoreadalongwiththeirfavoriteprogramsin1980.Inthe1990s,textbecameincreasinglymonasDVDsand,later,streamingservicesaddedtheabilitytoswitchthewordsonatwill.A2006surveyfoundthatonlyaround20percentofthepeopleusingcaptionshadhearingproblems.DeafSpacedesigns:KeepingthingsquietMorethan150designsoftheDeafSpaceProjectcamefromarchitectHanselBauman.Oneaimistocleardistractingnoises,whichcanmakeitdifficultforpeopletousetheirlimitedhearingabilities.Bykeepingconversationsandothersounddisturbancesfromwalkingandjumpingaroundtheroom,thesewaysalsomakeiteasierforallsortsofstudentsandworkerstofocus.CLICKHEREFORMOREINFORMATION1.Whowerethefourinventionsinitiallyintendedtoserve?A.Thearmy. B.Specialgroups. C.Allhumanbeings. D.Professionals.2.WhatmightbeJackFisher?A.Acitydesigner. B.Acitygovernor. C.Adisabledsoldier. D.Anordinaryroadman.3.Whoseinventionhelpspeopletoconcentrate?A.Sears'. B.JackFisher's. C.RayKurzweil's. D.HanselBauman's.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了四種針對特殊人群的發(fā)明設計?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Curbcuts:Easingthewalking段落下“Inthe1940s,hundredsofthousandsofWorldWarⅡsoldiersreturnedhomewithdisabilities.Disappointedbythedifficultiestheyfaced,JackFisherofKalamazoo,Michigan,asoneofthem,askedhiscitygovernmenttobuildanexperimentalcurbcutagentleslopethatbringstheendofasidewalkdowntomeetthelevelofthestreetatthecornersofseveralblocksdowntown.(20世紀40年代，數(shù)十萬二戰(zhàn)士兵帶著傷殘返鄉(xiāng)。密歇根州卡拉馬祖市的JackFisher，就是其中一員，對他們所面臨的困難感到失望，他要求市政府在市中心幾個街區(qū)的拐角處建造試用性的路緣坡——一種使人行道末端向下延伸與街道水平面相接的緩坡)”可知，路緣坡的設計是為了方便行動不便的人；根據(jù)Readingmachines:Gettingthemessage段落下“In1976,technologistRayKurzweilinventedamachinefortheblindandvisuallydamagedtochangeimagesintotextthatitthenreadaloud.(1976年，技術專家RayKurzweil為盲人和視力受損者發(fā)明了一種機器，將圖像轉換成文本，然后大聲朗讀)”可知，這種機器專為盲人和視力受損者而發(fā)明；根據(jù)Closedcaptions(字幕):Followingtheconversation段落下“SearslaunchedthefirstTVwithabuiltinequipmentthatalloweddeafandhardofhearingviewerstoreadalongwiththeirfavoriteprogramsin1980.(1980年，Sears推出了第一臺內(nèi)置設備的電視，使聾啞人和聽力困難人群能夠閱讀他們喜愛的節(jié)目)”可知，這種電視是為有聽力障礙的人設計的；根據(jù)DeafSpacedesigns:Keepingthingsquiet段落下“Oneaimistocleardistractingnoises,whichcanmakeitdifficultforpeopletousetheirlimitedhearingabilities.(一個目標是清除分散注意力的噪音，這些噪音會使聽力受限的人們難以使用有限的聽力)”可知，這是為聽力受限的人們設計的。綜上可知，這四項發(fā)明創(chuàng)造都是針對特殊人群的。故選B。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Curbcuts:Easingthewalking段落下“JackFisherofKalamazoo,Michigan,asoneofthem(密歇根州卡拉馬祖市的JackFisher，就是其中一員)”，句中的them指代“WorldWarⅡsoldiersreturnedhomewithdisabilities(二戰(zhàn)的傷殘士兵)”，由此可推知Fisher是一名傷殘士兵。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DeafSpacedesigns:Keepingthingsquiet段落下“thesewaysalsomakeiteasierforallsortsofstudentsandworkerstofocus.(這些方法也使各種各樣的學生和工作者更容易集中注意力)”可知，DeafSpacedesigns這項發(fā)明設計有助于集中注意力，由“Morethan150designsoftheDeafSpaceProjectcamefromarchitectHanselBauman.(DeafSpace項目的150多個設計來自建筑師HanselBauman)”可知，這是由HanselBauman發(fā)明設計的。故選D。BGrowingupinaJamaicanAmericanhousehold,foodwasanimportantpartofmychildhood.Iremembermygrandmotherpreparingfrieddumplingsandcurrymutton,jazzmusicplayinginthebackground.Foodwasourgreatesttreasure.Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.Foodcelebratednewbeginningsandeasedthewoundsoflife’suntimely(過早的)endings.WhenIwas8,Iwasdiagnosedwithamuscledisease,whichcausedmetospendmostofmychildhoodinhospitalroomsandwheelchairs,slowlygainingweightbyswallowingprednisone(潑尼松藥)hiddeninsidemintchocolatechipicecream.Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I’vetriedeverysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.However,asanadult,Ibegantoexperienceaparalyzingfearoffood.My“I’llstartanewdietonMonday”mindsetlastedfor16yearsasIuncontrollablyateandabusedmybody.IwasworriedthatIwasnotattractiveenough.Soobsessed(困擾的)andafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn’twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2011,Iattemptedtokillmyselfandlandedinthehospitalformultipledays.Wedoextremethingstoourbodiesbecauseofthosenumbers.Numbersthatcannottalkwithusorloveus.Ihavehadtostopjudgingmybelly,stopstarvingmyself,stopgettingonthescaleandstaringatthosenumbers.IhaveetotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumbersonthescaleandthatthequalityofthelifeIliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.4.Whatroledidfoodplayinauthor’schildhood?A.Ithealedherphysicalwounds. B.Itstrengthenedthefamilybond.C.Itwasasourceoffamilyine. D.Itmarkedtheendofsomeone’slife.5.Whatmadethemotherfeelclosertoherdaughter?A.Makingcookingherdailyduty. B.Raisingtheauthorasasinglemom.C.Limitingtheauthortoastrictdiet. D.Preparinghealthyfoodfortheauthor.6.Whydidtheauthorwanttokillherself?A.Becauseshehatedfood.B.Becauseshelostthebattlewithherdisease.C.Becauseshewasconcernedthatshewouldnotgetajob.D.Becauseshewasworriedaboutherworseninghealthstate.7.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutherweightnow?A.Nervous. B.Satisfied. C.Worried. D.Unconcerned.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者因為體重的數(shù)字對自己做出極端的事情，然后意識到生命比這些數(shù)字更重要，自己生活的質(zhì)量比自己在鏡子里的樣子更重要。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.(食物使一家人團聚在一起)”可知，在作者的童年，食物是加強家庭聯(lián)系的紐帶。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I’vetriedeverysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.(我媽媽通過嚴格的節(jié)食來幫助我減肥，這是她的責任。我都試過了。公平地說，我媽媽已經(jīng)盡力了。作為一個單身母親，她覺得這讓我們更親密)”可知，嚴格限制作者的飲食，使母親感覺與女兒更親近。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“SoobsessedandafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn’twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2011Iattemptedsuicideandlandedinthehospitalformultipledays.(我如此癡迷于此，害怕如果我不能在與數(shù)字的較量中取勝，就沒有人會雇用我當演員。2011年2月，我試圖自殺，結果在醫(yī)院里住了好幾天)”可知，她對失業(yè)的焦慮是導致作者企圖自殺的直接原因。故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“IhaveetotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumbersonthescaleandthatthequalityofthelifeIliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.(我已經(jīng)意識到我的生命比這些數(shù)字更重要，我生活的質(zhì)量比我在鏡子里的樣子更重要)”可推知，作者現(xiàn)在對自己的體重毫不在意。故選D。CAspeopleacrosstheglobestruggledwithhigherlevelsofstress,depressionandanxietythispastyear,manyturnedtotheirfavoritefortfoods:icecream,pizza,hamburgers.Butstudiesinrecentyearssuggestthatthehighsugarandhighfatfoodswhenwearestressedordepressed,asfortingastheymayseem,aretheleastlikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.Instead,wholefoodssuchasvegetables,fruit,fish,eggs,nutsmaybeabetterbet.Historically,nutritionresearchhasfocusedlargelyonhowthefoodsweeataffectourphysicalhealth,ratherthanourmentalhealth,though.Overtheyears,largepopulationstudieshavefoundthatpeopleassignedtofollowaMediterraneandietforthreemonthshadgreaterreductionsinsymptomsofdepressionafterthreemonthsparedtoacontrolgroup.Publichealthexpertsaroundtheworldhavestartedencouragingpeopletoadoptlifestylebehaviorslikeexercise,soundsleep,ahearthealthydietandavoidingsmokingthatmayreduceinflammation(發(fā)炎)andhavebenefitsforthebrain.Individualcliniciansarealreadyincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients.Dr.DrewRamsey,aclinicalprofessorattheColumbiaUniversity,beginshismeetingswithnewpatientsbyexploringtheirdiet.Heaskswhattheyeat,learnstheirfavoritefoods,andfindsoutiffoodsthatheconsidersimportantfortheconnectionaremissingfromtheirdiets,suchasplants,seafood.Dr.Ramseysaidhedoesnotwatpeopletothinkthattheonlyfactorinvolvedinbrainhealthisfood.“Lotsofpeoplegettheirfoodexactlyright,liveveryactivelives,andstillhavesignificanttroubleswiththeirmentalhealth,”hesaid.Buthealsoteachespeoplethatfoodcanbeempowering.“Wecan’tcontrolourgenes,”hesaid.“Butwecancontrolhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadailybasis.”8.Whatdopreviousnutritionstudiesmainlyfocuson?A.Howourdietsaffectourmentalhealth. B.Howourdietsaffectourphysicalhealth.C.Howourmentalhealthaffectsourdiets. D.Howourphysicalhealthaffectsourdiets.9.Whyareindividualcliniciansincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients?A.Theytrytocatertotheirpatients’needs.B.Theyarequestioningpublichealthexperts.C.Theywanttoprovetheeffectivenessofhealthydiets.D.Theyhaveacceptedthefindingsoflargepopulationstudies.10.WhichofthefollowingmightDr.Ramseyagreewith?A.Someconnectionexistsbetweenourdietsandmentalhealth.B.Peoplecancontroltheirgenesaswellashowtheyeat.C.Peoplelivingactiveliveswillnothavementalproblems.D.Eatingahealthydietisgoingtocuredepression.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Peoplewithanxietyusuallyturntofoodforfort.B.Thedailydietisthefactorconnectedwithbrainhealth.C.Controllingthewayweeatislikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.D.Havingahighsugardietcanreducesymptomsofdepression.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們所吃的食物會影響心理健康，控制飲食方式可能有益于人們的心理健康?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Historically,nutritionresearchhasfocusedlargelyonhowthefoodsweeataffectourphysicalhealth,ratherthanourmentalhealth,though.(然而，從歷史上看，營養(yǎng)研究主要關注我們所吃的食物如何影響我們的身體健康，而不是我們的心理健康)”可知，以前的營養(yǎng)研究主要關注我們的飲食如何影響我們的身體健康。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Overtheyears,largepopulationstudieshavefoundthatpeopleassignedtofollowaMediterraneandietforthreemonthshadgreaterreductionsinsymptomsofdepressionafterthreemonthsparedtoacontrolgroup.(多年來，大量的人口研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與對照組相比，被指定遵循地中海飲食法三個月的人在三個月后抑郁癥狀的減輕程度更大)”可知，大量人口研究結果顯示，遵循地中海飲食法的人會減輕病癥，所以個別臨床醫(yī)生要求將營養(yǎng)納入他們對患者的工作是因為他們接受了大量人口研究的結果。故選D項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butwecancontrolhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadailybasis.(但我們可以控制我們的飲食方式，這讓人們可以采取行動，每天都可以照顧自己的大腦健康)”可知，拉姆齊博士認為控制飲食方式可以讓人們采取行動照顧自己的大腦健康，所以他同意飲食和心理健康之間存在某種聯(lián)系。故選A項。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Butstudiesinrecentyearssuggestthatthehighsugarandhighfatfoodswhenwearestressedordepressed,asfortingastheymayseem,aretheleastlikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.(但是最近幾年的研究表明，當我們感到壓力或抑郁時，高糖和高脂肪的食物雖然看起來很舒服，但對我們的心理健康最不可能有好處)”以及最后一段“Butwecancontrolhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadailybasis.(但我們可以控制我們的飲食方式，這讓人們可以采取行動，每天都可以照顧自己的大腦健康)”可知，文章主要介紹了人們所吃的食物會影響心理健康，控制飲食方式可能有益于人們的心理健康。故選C項。DThisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed.AccordingtotheBBC,thisisthemostcasualties(傷亡)fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason.“Thedrierconditionsbinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2019createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.Australia’sfireswereworsenedbythebinationofthosetwo.2019wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia,”HausfatheraddedonFriday.KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,saidwarmeroceantemperaturesalsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverityofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Practiceslikecontrolledburnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.Changingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched(派遣).12.WhatarethenumbersaboutinParagraph1?A.ThecausesofAustralianfires. B.ThesevereconsequencesofAustralianfires.C.ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires. D.TheresidencedestructionofAustralianfires.13.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“susceptibleto”inthesecondparagraph?A.Veryquicklytoadaptto. B.Veryseriouslytofocuson.C.Veryeasilytobeprotectedagainst. D.Verylikelytobeinfluencedby.14.WhatcanweinferfromTrenberth’sresearch?A.Warmeroceantemperaturespromotefiresspreading.B.Longerdryweathercontributestoglobalwarming.C.Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.D.Globalwarmingistherootcauseofthebushfires.15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Toprovidesomeadviceaboutreducingdamage. B.Toshowthemethodsforcontrollingburns.C.TopredicttheseriousnessofAustralianfires. D.TostresstheeffectsofAustralianfires.【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講的是澳大利亞森林火災造成的損失，以及專家們關于森林大火原因的分析?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed.”(這個季節(jié)，澳大利亞的森林大火已經(jīng)燒毀了超過1235萬英畝的土地。至少25人死亡，2000所房屋被毀。)可知，本段利用數(shù)字分別從過火面積、人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失等三個方面描述森林大火的巨大破壞力，所以本段的數(shù)字是關為了告訴我們森林大火產(chǎn)生的嚴重后果。故選B項?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason(加州大學伯克利分校地球分校的能源系統(tǒng)分析師和氣候研究員澤克·豪薩福爾說氣溫升高和極端天氣使澳大利亞更susceptibleto火災并延長了高火險季節(jié)的持續(xù)時間。)”可推測氣溫升高和極端天氣更容易發(fā)生火災，因此moresusceptibleto應意為“更易遭受……，更容易受到……影響”，與D項“Verylikelytobeinfluencedby(很容易受……的影響)”意思相近。故選D項。.【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.(他說，一旦一個地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了兩個月或更長時間的干旱，它就會增加火災和火災蔓延的風險。那些由于全球變暖而改變的天氣使得干旱持續(xù)的時間更長。)”可推斷全球氣候變暖導致干旱或延長干旱時間，增加火災風險及火災蔓延風險，所以全球變暖是森林大火的根本原因。故選D項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverityofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.(氣候?qū)＜覐娬{(diào)氣候變化不是野火嚴重的唯一因素。土地的管理方式也會影響火災可用燃料的數(shù)量。)”以及“Practiceslikecontrolledburnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.(諸如控制性燃燒和其他因素等做法可能會影響火災對人和財產(chǎn)的風險，如預警系統(tǒng)和特定地區(qū)的開發(fā)類型。)”及“Changingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched(派遣)(改變這些政策同時改變消防管理資源的分配方式有很大的降低未來野火造成損害的潛力。)”可知作者在最后一段想要提供一些關于減少火災損失的建議。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ThreeThingsWeMustDotoTackleClimateChangeWithworldleadersmeetingattheinternationalclimatechangeconferencethisAugustinGlasgowtodiscussurgentglobalactiontomeetoneofthegreatestchallenges,manypeoplestilldon’tknowwhatmustbedone.____16____However,thegoodnewswegetfromthereportisthatitisnottoolatetoavoidtheworstimpactsofclimatechange,ifwerespondrapidlyanddecisively.Buthow?Itesdowntothefollowingthreethings.Stopusingfossilfuelsgradually.____17____Thatmeansnoexploration,nonewwells,mines,pipelines,orpowerplants.Wealreadyhaveavastamountoffossilfuelinfrastructure(基礎設施),anditwilltakedecadestoenditsuse.____18____Sunandwindarethefastestgrowingnewsourcesofenergywehave.Theircostshavefallensharply,makingthemtheleastexpensiveoptionsandencouragingtheadoptionofcleanenergyinmoreandmorelocations.Protecttheworld’sforests.Forestsallovertheworldcurrentlyabsorbaboutathirdofthecarbondioxideouractivitiessendouttotheatmosphere.____19____Andthismuststop.Tomeettheplanet’sgrowingfoodneeds,expertsurgeimprovedmanagementpracticesonalreadyclearedlandratherthanclearingnewland.Finally,itishightimethatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhomewehave.Ifso,wecantakeonthechallengeaswewouldwhateverthedifficultyis.____20____Thethreeactionswesuggestareessentialforsuccess.A.Boostthedevelopmentofnewtechnology.B.Speeduptheuseofclean,renewableenergy.C.Thealarmingmessagesreleasedurgedustochangeourlifestyle.D.Toachievethis,wemustallownonewdevelopmentofcoal,oilandgas.E.The“codered”reportfromtheconferencegreatlyshockedmanypeople.F.WeareonamissiontosaveplanetEarth,itspeopleanditsnaturalwonders.G.Tropical(熱帶)forestsareespeciallyatriskandstillbeingclearedforagriculturaluses.【答案】16.E17.D18.B19.G20.F【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人們可以做三件事情來應對氣候變化?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空后“However,thegoodnewswegetfromthereportisthatitisnottoolatetoavoidtheworstimpactsofclimatechange,ifwerespondrapidlyanddecisively.Buthow?Itesdowntothefollowingthreethings.(然而，我們從報告中得到的好消息是，如果我們迅速果斷地做出反應，避免氣候變化的最嚴重影響還為時不晚。)”可知，空處和空后為轉折關系，空后提到了報告中的好消息，可推知空處是在描述格拉斯哥召開國際氣候變化大會提出了讓人震驚的報告，告訴人們氣候變化的后果非常嚴重。然而如果我們迅速果斷地做出反應，避免氣候變化的最嚴重影響還為時不晚。E項“會議的“紅色代碼”報告讓許多人大吃一驚?！狈险Z境。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Stopusingfossilfuelsgradually.(逐步停止使用化石燃料。)”以及下文“Thatmeansnoexploration,nonewwells,mines,pipelines,orpowerplants.(這意味著沒有勘探，沒有新的油井、礦山、管道或發(fā)電廠。)”可知，本段號召人們不要使用化石燃料，所以為了實現(xiàn)這一目的，我們必須不允許煤炭、石油和天然氣的新開發(fā)。D項中的“coal,oilandgas”對應前文的化石燃料。而“wemustallownonewdevelopmentofcoal,oilandgas(我們必須不允許煤炭、石油和天然氣的新開發(fā))”順應下文中的“沒有新的油井、礦山、管道或發(fā)電廠?！惫蔬xD。【18題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Sunandwindarethefastestgrowingnewsourcesofenergywehave.(太陽和風能是我們擁有的增長最快的新能源。)”可知，人們開發(fā)利用新型的清潔和可再生能源是應對氣候變化的重要方法。B項“加快使用清潔的可再生能源?！狈险Z境。故選B。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段的第一句話“Protecttheworld’sforests.(保護世界森林。)”和空后“Andthismuststop.(這必須停止。)”可知，保護森林非常重要，而空后的this應該指代對森林破壞這件事。G項“熱帶森林面臨的風險尤其大，仍在為農(nóng)業(yè)用途而砍伐。”為this指代的內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選G。【20題詳解】根據(jù)本段第一句話“Finally,itishightimethatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhomewehave.(最后，是我們攜手保護我們唯一的家園的時候了。)”可知，作者在最后號召大家行動起來保護我們唯一的家園，我們要去拯救地球，上文建議的三個行動對成功至關重要。F項“我們的使命是拯救地球、地球上的人民和地球上的自然奇觀?！狈险Z境。故選F。第三部分語言知識運用（共三節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Idreamedofbeingascientistat6.However,Idecidedat10thatIwasgoingtobeateacherbecauseIhada____21____desireforsuperpowers.Asaboy,Icouldclearlyseesomeofmyteachershadextraordinarypowers.TherewasanEnglishteacherwhocouldmagically____22____ustodifferentworldsbytellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwisenever____23____.Itwasevenshockingthatmyteachercouldseetheinvisible.Iwasoneofthosewholackedinsight.Yetmyteacherwouldnoticemeandthe____24____messageinhereyessuggestedthatshecould____25____mymind.Shehadanothersuperpowerandevennow,Icouldstillrememberherlessonsaboutthegreatmastersofart,expandingour____26____.Shedidthis____27____hermajorwasnotart.Herlessonswentbeyondthetextbook.Iwantedtobeoneofthoseall—seeingoneswithsuperpowersthatmadechildrenfeelsafeandvalued.Beingateacherisn’ttheeasiestorthemostfinanciallyrewardingofjobs.Andthereareoccupationalrisks—yourkneescanbeewornoutfromyearsofcarryingpilesofnotebooksupanddowntheschoolstaircase,your____28____cangiveinfromtoomuchtalking.But____29____allthat,therearethosechoosingthis____30____.Tothem,teachingisnotjustajob—itisascience,anartandit____31____emotionallaboranddevotion.Forthreedecadesnow,I’vegonetoworkearlyeverydaywithaspringinmystep.Occasionally,Imeetmyformerstudents.Theirobviousloveformeandfond____32____ofourtimetogetheraremyrewards.WhenImeetotherswho____33____forsuperpowers,likethebrandnewteacher____34____toperfectherskillswithabravefaceon,Ifeel____35____tobelongtothesamegroup.21.A.challenging B.burning C.convincing D.rewarding22.A.signal B.inform C.transport D.apply23.A.pickup B.setup C.bringup D.speedup24.A.unspoken B.unforgotten C.unwritten D.uncertain25A.look B.see C.indicate D.read26.A.interviews B.visions C.groups D.effects27.A.asif B.onlyif C.evenif D.ifonly28.A.hearing B.voice C.sense D.mood29.A.among B.except C.besides D.despite30.A.cause B.assignment C.arrangement D.contract31.A.needs B.creates C.expresses D.determines32.A.wonders B.memories C.dreams D.opportunities33.A.provide B.account C.stand D.thirst34.A.struggling B.promising C.claiming D.managing35.A.thrilled B.relieved C.proud D.secure【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.A25.D26.B27.C28.B29.D30.A31.A32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述自己童年夢想成為教師，以及從教30年來的感受。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我在10歲時決定當一名教師，因為我對超能力有著強烈的渴望。A.challenging挑戰(zhàn)性的；B.burning強烈的；C.convincing令人信服的；D.rewarding值得做的。根據(jù)句中的“desire渴望”可知，“burning強烈的”符合語境和句意。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有一位英語老師，她可以通過給我們講故事和給我們讀那些我們永遠不會去碰的書，神奇地把我們帶到不同的世界。A.signal發(fā)信號；B.inform通知；C.transport運送；D.apply申請。根據(jù)句中的“todifferentworlds”可知，“transport運送”符合語境和句意，老師可以通過給我們講故事和給我們讀書將作者帶入到不同的世界。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：有一位英語老師，她可以通過給我們講故事和給我們讀那些我們永遠不會去碰的書，神奇地把我們帶到不同的世界。A.pickup拿起；拾起；B.setup建立，設置；C.bringup撫養(yǎng)；D.speedup加速。根據(jù)句中定語從句修飾的先行詞“books”可知，“pickup拿起；拾起”符合語境和句意，老師讀給學生們的書都是他們不曾拿起來讀的書。故選A。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我的老師會注意到我，她眼中未說出口的信息表明她能讀懂我的心思。A.unspoken未說出的；B.unforgotten不被遺忘的；C.