專(zhuān)題36 閱讀理解之七選五五種考法（講案）解析版

1/44高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單專(zhuān)題36閱讀理解之七選五五種考法（講案）解析版（快問(wèn)快答+思維導(dǎo)圖+考法點(diǎn)撥+真題再練+名校模擬）目錄一、閱讀理解七選五快問(wèn)快答P2二、閱讀理解七選五高考考情P2三、閱讀理解七選五思維導(dǎo)圖P3四、閱讀理解七選五考法點(diǎn)撥P3考法一：段首小標(biāo)題句P3考法二：段首主題句/過(guò)渡句P6考法三：段中瞻前顧后型P9考法四：段尾設(shè)空題P11考法五：殘缺主句或從句型P13五、閱讀理解七選五真題演練(6篇)P14六、閱讀理解七選五名校模擬(12篇)P22模擬一：說(shuō)明文類(lèi)型P22模擬二：記敘文類(lèi)型P26模擬三：議論文類(lèi)型P32模擬四：殘缺主句或從句類(lèi)型P34一、閱讀理解七選五快問(wèn)快答Q1：閱讀理解七選五有什么特點(diǎn)？A1：閱讀理解七選五屬于閱讀理解中檔題型，區(qū)分度好，需要考生有較強(qiáng)的做題技能和閱讀判斷能力。Q2：閱讀理解七選五做題步驟如何？A2：一是“通讀”通讀全文把握大意，二是“細(xì)讀”以空位單位，結(jié)合設(shè)空位置和段落結(jié)構(gòu)做出初步判斷。注意先易后難，一時(shí)有困難及時(shí)放一放，三是“復(fù)讀”—重點(diǎn)復(fù)讀有疑問(wèn)的選項(xiàng)，從設(shè)空位置、前后句邏輯、段落關(guān)鍵詞入手多方考慮。Q3：閱讀理解七選五有哪些考查方法？A3：閱讀理解七選五有五大考查方向：一是段首標(biāo)題句，二是段落主題句/過(guò)渡句，三是段中瞻前顧后句，四是段尾設(shè)空題，五是殘缺前/后半句型。Q4：如何提高閱讀理解七選五正答率？A4：一要掌握閱讀理解七選五命題規(guī)律和選項(xiàng)特征，二要不斷擴(kuò)大詞匯量，尤其是3500高考高頻詞匯，三要廣泛進(jìn)行閱讀實(shí)踐和專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練，積累推理判斷經(jīng)驗(yàn)，掌握整體閱讀這一要旨，摸索出一套行之有效的個(gè)性化做題模式，四要重視糾錯(cuò)，探尋錯(cuò)誤原因，防止出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似錯(cuò)誤。二、閱讀理解七選五高考考情閱讀七選五考查考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)及上下文邏輯的理解和把握。在一段約300詞的短文中留出5個(gè)空白，要求考生從所給的7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。1.選文以說(shuō)明文為主，記敘文、議論文為輔。題型以段中句為主，段首句和段尾句為輔。2.話題與當(dāng)代社會(huì)生活緊密相關(guān)、人文氣息濃厚，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)愛(ài)自我、關(guān)愛(ài)社會(huì)、熱愛(ài)生活。年份卷別體裁類(lèi)別主題段首段中段尾選項(xiàng)特指字?jǐn)?shù)2024新課標(biāo)I卷說(shuō)明文人與自我使用英語(yǔ)詞典的心得140完整句273+61新課標(biāo)II卷說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)如何避免過(guò)度性旅游131完整句259+522023新課標(biāo)I卷說(shuō)明文人與自我學(xué)會(huì)自我原諒的辦法041完整句247+82新課標(biāo)II卷說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)開(kāi)啟藝術(shù)之旅的建議131完整句261+632022新課標(biāo)I卷說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)如何找到健身伙伴041完整句257+76新課標(biāo)II卷說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)寫(xiě)文章好修改技巧140完整句237+742021新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文人與社會(huì)巴黎一周生活經(jīng)歷140完整句270+83新課標(biāo)II卷說(shuō)明文人與社會(huì)提高閱讀速度建議122完整句250+752020新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文人與社會(huì)公開(kāi)演講的一些原則131完整句235+73三、閱讀理解七選五思維導(dǎo)圖 四、閱讀理解七選五考法點(diǎn)撥考法一：段首小標(biāo)題句【調(diào)研01】(2023新課標(biāo)II卷第39題)OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?…●Choosemindfully.…●Getcreative.…●39Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.Visitingaplacethatotherscallhomeisaprivilege(榮幸).Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.40Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.【解析】39.答題思路：第一步：觀察標(biāo)題特征。39.空處為小標(biāo)題，結(jié)合前文的小標(biāo)題都是祈使句可知答案在選項(xiàng)A、C、G中選擇。第二步：尋找關(guān)鍵信息。根據(jù)后文“Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.(通過(guò)跳過(guò)重大節(jié)假日或高峰時(shí)間來(lái)最小化影響并最大化體驗(yàn))”表示旅游時(shí)要注意避開(kāi)高峰期，選擇合適的時(shí)間，第三步：鎖定最佳答案。A選項(xiàng)“在非高峰時(shí)間參觀”概括本段內(nèi)容與下一句邏輯吻合。故選A?！菊{(diào)研02】(2023全國(guó)甲卷第39題)TricksToBecomingAPatientPerson…●Practicegratitude(感激)…●Makeyourselfwait…●39.Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“40(Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerable).”You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.A.FindyourcausesB.StartwithsmalltasksC.AccepttheuncomfortableD.AllthisaddsuptoastateofhurryE.ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF.Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerableG.They’reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【解析】39.答題思路：第一步：觀察標(biāo)題特征。結(jié)合前文的小標(biāo)題都是祈使句可知答案在選項(xiàng)A、B、C中選擇。第二步：尋找關(guān)鍵信息。在段落中尋找同義詞、近義詞或反義詞等關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.(我們中的許多人都認(rèn)為舒適是我們唯一能容忍的狀態(tài)，當(dāng)我們經(jīng)歷舒適區(qū)之外的事情時(shí)，我們會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒適是我們唯一能容忍的狀態(tài)，第三步：鎖定最佳答案。本段的主旨與接受不舒適相關(guān)，C選項(xiàng)中uncomfortable對(duì)應(yīng)后文comfortable。故C選項(xiàng)“接受不舒服”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！菊{(diào)研03】(2022?全國(guó)乙卷39題)Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·Setaregulardate..·Moreisn’talwaysmerrier…·Practiseempathy(共情)…·39Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone…A.RememberimportantdatesB.CompensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【解析】39.答題思路：第一步：觀察標(biāo)題特征。結(jié)合前文的小標(biāo)題都是祈使句可知答案在選項(xiàng)A、B中選擇。第二步：尋找關(guān)鍵信息。在段落中尋找同義詞、近義詞或反義詞等關(guān)鍵詞。分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容是維系異地友誼的第四個(gè)方法，是第五段的小標(biāo)題。下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”（周年紀(jì)念日和生日對(duì)于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。）講的是諸如周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，第三步：鎖定最佳答案。下文最后一句Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdates中friends’birthdays和otherimportantdates與標(biāo)題Rememberimportantdates呼應(yīng)。由此推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項(xiàng)“記得重要的日子”，故選A?？挤ǘ憾问字黝}句/過(guò)渡句高考七選五段首句題占0-1題，根據(jù)特定語(yǔ)境，可能是段落主題句，也可能是小標(biāo)題句和段落之間過(guò)渡句。學(xué)會(huì)先觀察其余標(biāo)題句特點(diǎn)做到心中有數(shù)，然后借助于標(biāo)題句和空后內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提煉加工?！菊{(diào)研04】(2024·新課標(biāo)I卷第38題)Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).36Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.37Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.…38Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.……A.Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon’twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon’talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【解析】38.下文“Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.(它應(yīng)該給出每個(gè)單詞的精確定義，從而將其與其他含義相似但不相同的單詞區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。它通常還會(huì)顯示單詞的發(fā)音。)”提到了字典的功能，E選項(xiàng)“Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.(當(dāng)然，字典不僅僅是用來(lái)拼寫(xiě)的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文內(nèi)容。故選E項(xiàng)?！菊{(diào)研05】(2022·全國(guó)乙第38題和40題)·Practiseempathy(共情) 38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·39Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible，extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone40,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A.RememberimportantdatesB.CompensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【解析】38.G。此空考查段落主旨句，可運(yùn)用“中心詞法”。下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining”和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”提到朋友的兩種不同處境，G項(xiàng)“你可能是朋友中離開(kāi)的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開(kāi)的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowasleftbehind”分別對(duì)應(yīng)下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”和“Thefriendwhoisremaining”。故選G?！窘馕觥?9.A。此處考查段落小標(biāo)題，依據(jù)其他段落小標(biāo)題為祈使句，可在選項(xiàng)A、B、D中確定答案，再根據(jù)下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”可知，周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項(xiàng)“記得重要的日子”。故選A?！窘馕觥?0.F。根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題以及空后句“butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”可知，維系異地友誼不能只依靠科技，我們要更加自覺(jué)地維系異地友誼，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“朋友之間很容易通過(guò)社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”肯定了科技的作用，并同下文銜接緊密。故選F?！菊{(diào)研06】(2021新課標(biāo)I卷第39題)

39

OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecomertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.【答案】E【解析】39.E。這題為第四段第一句話，功能為承接第三段引起第四段。所以大家做題時(shí)要看第三段的內(nèi)容和第四段的內(nèi)容，并且概括二段的大意。法國(guó)人吃得少的第一點(diǎn)原因是第三段中描述的食物美味，以至于不需要量太多，你就已經(jīng)滿足。第二個(gè)原因在第四段，太昂貴，買(mǎi)不起，所以一次只吃一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。故選E。考法三：段中瞻前顧后型段中設(shè)空即主題句的展開(kāi)句。尤其注意分析空格前后的邏輯關(guān)系及內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意各句間的銜接手段。其特點(diǎn)主要是以轉(zhuǎn)折手法引出主題句，或者是用來(lái)承上啟下的過(guò)渡句，也可能是補(bǔ)充前文的具體事實(shí)、事例和說(shuō)明。解此類(lèi)試題時(shí)首先應(yīng)確定所缺的句子是過(guò)渡句還是細(xì)節(jié)句，對(duì)于這兩類(lèi)句子，我們將采用不同的方法來(lái)解題?！菊{(diào)研07】(2024新課標(biāo)II卷第38題)●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.___38___Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.【解析】38.前文“Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.(這意味著你有很多不太受歡迎的選擇)及后文“Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?(為什么不嘗試一個(gè)地區(qū)性的選擇，或者看看一個(gè)熱門(mén)目的地不太為人所知的景點(diǎn)呢)”提出建議，可以選擇一些冷門(mén)的景點(diǎn)，E選項(xiàng)“你仍然可以找到相對(duì)未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方”語(yǔ)境一致。故選E?！菊{(diào)研08】(2023新課標(biāo)I卷第37題)Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”37Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.37.根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日記或紙上寫(xiě)上“個(gè)人優(yōu)點(diǎn)”。)”以及空后內(nèi)容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有愛(ài)心嗎？有創(chuàng)造力嗎？你慷慨嗎？是一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者？與人相處很有趣嗎？它們不一定要改變世界，只要你個(gè)性中讓你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空處指的是列出一些你個(gè)性中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(現(xiàn)在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點(diǎn)。)”符合上下文內(nèi)容，下文內(nèi)容具體解釋那些是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選B?！菊{(diào)研09】(2022新課標(biāo)I卷第36題)FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner”.Onereasonwas：“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread：“36”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.【解析】36.C。細(xì)節(jié)句，上文提到感謝健身伙伴的一個(gè)理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就會(huì)去鍛煉”，再根據(jù)“whileanotherread”可知，這里陳述另一個(gè)感謝健身伙伴的理由。所以C項(xiàng)“如果你和別人一起鍛煉，你會(huì)更努力”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?？挤ㄋ亩挝苍O(shè)空題【調(diào)研10】(2024新課標(biāo)II卷第37題)●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.37A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.【解析】37.前文“Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.(游客過(guò)多的目的地是有原因的：它們很特別。網(wǎng)上有這么多關(guān)于同一個(gè)地方的帖子，很容易讓你覺(jué)得你錯(cuò)過(guò)了。只有當(dāng)風(fēng)景、文化或食物深深吸引你時(shí)，才去某個(gè)地方)”表明不要跟風(fēng)旅游，C選項(xiàng)“為你而不是其他人旅行”表明要關(guān)注自己在旅行時(shí)的感受，忠實(shí)自己的感受，不用管其余的建議，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！菊{(diào)研11】(2024新課標(biāo)II卷第37題)Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.38A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【解析】18.根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二頁(yè)的頂部，寫(xiě)上“善舉”的標(biāo)題。在這張單子上，列出你為別人做過(guò)的所有積極的事情。它可能是當(dāng)你幫助朋友做作業(yè)的時(shí)候，當(dāng)你沒(méi)有被要求卻主動(dòng)熨衣服的時(shí)候，或者當(dāng)你在家人累了一天之后烤餅干的時(shí)候。)”可知，本段主要講述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。選項(xiàng)F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么，不管它看起來(lái)有多小，都要把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，講述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都記下來(lái)。故選F。【調(diào)研12】(2023全國(guó)I卷第37題)●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.39A.Feelingupsetagain?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.【解析】39.C。本題設(shè)空在段尾，首先看前文。根據(jù)上文Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了學(xué)位。)可知，這些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得慶祝。C項(xiàng)意思，沒(méi)有什么事是太小而不值得慶祝的，對(duì)上文的總結(jié)概括，符合文意。考法五殘缺主句或從句型【調(diào)研13】(2023全國(guó)乙卷第36題)Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.36,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.36題答題思路：（并列句殘缺前一分句）第一步：觀察設(shè)空句子特點(diǎn)。該空空格后邊有個(gè)逗號(hào)，后邊的but非常醒目，表明這是一個(gè)殘缺前一分句的并列句。第二步：關(guān)注文章結(jié)構(gòu)和上一句。根據(jù)下文“butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.(而且研究表明，它們可以通過(guò)改善情緒、減輕壓力和幫助增強(qiáng)記憶力來(lái)促進(jìn)人們的健康)”可知，此處與下文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成notonly…but“不僅……而且……”結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知，B.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful(它們不僅看起來(lái)很漂亮)能夠銜接下文，符合語(yǔ)境。第三步：去偽存真鎖定答案。這里需要“形意兼顧”，既要考慮搭配完整還要考慮邏輯一致。此處與下文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成notonly…but“不僅……而且……”結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知，B.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful(它們不僅看起來(lái)很漂亮)能夠銜接下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！菊{(diào)研13】(2021全國(guó)乙卷第36題)AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,it’snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty._36,ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost36題答題思路：第一步：觀察設(shè)空句子特點(diǎn)。該空空格后邊有個(gè)逗號(hào)，后邊的but非常醒目，表明這是一個(gè)殘缺前一分句的并列句。第二步：關(guān)注文章結(jié)構(gòu)和上一句。根據(jù)上文“it’snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty(在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣并不難)”可知，下文應(yīng)主要講述如何在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣。下文“Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.(所以最主要的事情就是去嘗試，去冒險(xiǎn)，嘗試不同的食物，和陌生人交談)”可推知，本段主要說(shuō)明想在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣，就要勇于冒險(xiǎn)，勇于探索。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“Thefirststepistogoexploring(第一步是去探索)”承上啟下，符合題意。第三步：去偽存真鎖定答案。這里需要“形意兼顧”，既要考慮前邊主句完整還要考慮邏輯一致。本段主要說(shuō)明想在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣，就要勇于冒險(xiǎn)，勇于探索。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“Thefirststepistogoexploring(第一步是去探索)”承上啟下，B項(xiàng)符合題意?！菊{(diào)研13】(2015全國(guó)II卷第38題)Duringthefirstweek,donotthinkaboutdistance,butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.38,itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek,setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.39Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmile.Aftertwoweeks,starttimingyourself.40Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter,youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.A.AftersixdaysB.ForagoodmarathonrunnerC.BeforeyoubeginyourtrainingD.Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmileE.Iftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthemF.TimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingG.Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime38題答題思路：（簡(jiǎn)單句殘缺介詞短語(yǔ)或非謂語(yǔ)）第一步：觀察設(shè)空句子特點(diǎn)。該空空格后邊有個(gè)逗號(hào)，后邊的簡(jiǎn)單句非常醒目，表明這是一個(gè)殘缺的簡(jiǎn)單句。第二步：關(guān)注段落標(biāo)題和后半句。根據(jù)上文中的"Duringthefirstweek"及下文中的"takeadayofftorest"可推知,此處指六天后休息一天。第三步：去偽存真鎖定答案。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，"Duringthefirstweek"及下文中的"takeadayofftorest"可推知,此處指六天后休息一天，故選A。五、閱讀理解七選五真題演練【真題演練01】(2024新課標(biāo)II卷)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).36Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.37Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.38Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it’snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.39However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there’snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson’sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755.“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof“dull”.40Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon’twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon’talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【答案】36.F37.B38.E39.A40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了作者使用英語(yǔ)詞典的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和心得以及從中獲得的樂(lè)趣。36.上文“Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(如果你想發(fā)表，提交一份完美的、專(zhuān)業(yè)的手稿是至關(guān)重要的)”提到了完美的、專(zhuān)業(yè)的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有語(yǔ)法和拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤是專(zhuān)業(yè)的手稿的要求之一。F選項(xiàng)“Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.(這意味著語(yǔ)法正確，沒(méi)有拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。)”是對(duì)手稿要求的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。37.上文“Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.(我不相信我筆記本電腦的拼寫(xiě)檢查器。)”提到了作者不相信電腦的拼寫(xiě)檢查器;下文“Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.(當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在有很多在線詞典和同義詞庫(kù)，但我是一個(gè)守舊的人，更喜歡精裝的書(shū)和能用手指翻閱的書(shū)頁(yè)。)”提到了作者更喜歡實(shí)體書(shū)和能用手指翻閱的書(shū)頁(yè)，說(shuō)明電子設(shè)備可能不會(huì)考慮上下文，所以B選項(xiàng)“Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.(它不考慮上下文。)”解釋了上文的原因，具有承上啟下的作用。故選B項(xiàng)。38.下文“Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.(它應(yīng)該給出每個(gè)單詞的精確定義，從而將其與其他含義相似但不相同的單詞區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。它通常還會(huì)顯示單詞的發(fā)音。)”提到了字典的功能，E選項(xiàng)“Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.(當(dāng)然，字典不僅僅是用來(lái)拼寫(xiě)的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文內(nèi)容。故選E項(xiàng)。39.下文“However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there’snothingbetter.(然而，如果我需要檢查一個(gè)單詞的來(lái)源或查找其用法的例子，沒(méi)有什么比這更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情況，A選項(xiàng)“Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.(我不經(jīng)常用這本字典。)”是對(duì)字典使用頻率的說(shuō)明，與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。40.上文“

“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個(gè)定義時(shí)寫(xiě)道：“編字典是件無(wú)聊的工作(乏味)?！?”提到了編寫(xiě)字典是件乏味的工作，下文“Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花幾分鐘的時(shí)間瀏覽一兩頁(yè)是一種有益的體驗(yàn)。)”提到瀏覽字典也是一種閱讀的樂(lè)趣，D選項(xiàng)“Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.(但是一本字典讀起來(lái)是一種樂(lè)趣。)”是作者對(duì)字典的評(píng)價(jià)，與上文的“乏味”形成對(duì)比，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)?！菊骖}演練02】(2024新課標(biāo)I卷)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.___36___Certainlynot.Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.___37___●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.___38___Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?●___39___Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.Visitingaplacethatotherscallhomeisaprivilege(榮幸).Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.___40___Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.【答案】36.B37.C38.E39.A40.G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了如何避免“過(guò)度旅游”的現(xiàn)象。36.前文“Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.(旅游促進(jìn)理解，擴(kuò)展我們的思想，使我們成為更好的人，促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)和社區(qū)，但旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了某些地區(qū)和目的地的過(guò)度旅游)”表明旅游帶來(lái)了一些問(wèn)題，后文“Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.(在當(dāng)今世界，失去旅行所能提供的東西將是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，結(jié)合后文“Certainlynot.(當(dāng)然不)”可知，空處提問(wèn)能否停止旅行，D選項(xiàng)“那么，我們應(yīng)該停止旅行嗎？”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。37.前文“Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.(游客過(guò)多的目的地是有原因的：它們很特別。網(wǎng)上有這么多關(guān)于同一個(gè)地方的帖子，很容易讓你覺(jué)得你錯(cuò)過(guò)了。只有當(dāng)風(fēng)景、文化或食物深深吸引你時(shí)，才去某個(gè)地方)”表明不要跟風(fēng)旅游，C選項(xiàng)“為你而不是其他人旅行”表明要關(guān)注自己在旅行時(shí)的感受，忠實(shí)自己的感受，不用管其余的建議，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。38.前文“Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.(這意味著你有很多不太受歡迎的選擇)及后文“Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?(為什么不嘗試一個(gè)地區(qū)性的選擇，或者看看一個(gè)熱門(mén)目的地不太為人所知的景點(diǎn)呢)”提出建議，可以選擇一些冷門(mén)的景點(diǎn)，E選項(xiàng)“你仍然可以找到相對(duì)未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方”語(yǔ)境一致。故選E。39.空處為小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.(通過(guò)跳過(guò)重大節(jié)假日或高峰時(shí)間來(lái)最小化影響并最大化體驗(yàn))”表示旅游時(shí)要注意避開(kāi)高峰期，選擇合適的時(shí)間，A選項(xiàng)“在非高峰時(shí)間參觀”概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A。40.前文“Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.(盡你的一份力，從一開(kāi)始就保護(hù)一個(gè)目的地的特別之處)”表明旅游時(shí)應(yīng)保護(hù)旅游景點(diǎn)，后文“Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.(你可能會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)你和那里的人感覺(jué)如此親近)”表示這樣做的感受，G選項(xiàng)“考慮回饋你所訪問(wèn)的社區(qū)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！菊骖}演練03】(2024全國(guó)甲卷)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whatismoderation(適度)?Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds.Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.36Butitdoesn'tmeansayinggoodbyetothefoodsyoulove.Takeyourtime.It'simportanttoslowdownandthinkaboutfoodassomethingnutritiousratherthanjustsomethingto