2022湖北省荊州市荊州區(qū)高考英語一輪作文及閱理選練附答案10

閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。體裁：說明文話題：公民科學(xué)時間：7分鐘Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearch-relatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.AnexampleofcitizenscienceisaprojectcalledProjectBudBurst.Overthepastsixgrowingseasons，ProjectBudBursthasusedthousandsofvolunteerobservers.Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit.Theobservationsgointoahugedatabase.Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.ProjectdirectorSandraHendersonsaysparticipatorysciencelikethisisanideathatisgrowingquickly.Forexample，peoplewhoenjoyastronomycanobservechangesinthebrightnessofastar.PeoplecanexaminesatelliteimagesofEarthtolookforsiteswherearcheologistsmightfindthelosttombofGenghisKhan，theMongolianwarriorandruler.Orsomeoneinterestedinorcawhalescanlistentounderwatermicrophonesandletresearchersknowwhenthewhalesarepresent.ThousandsofAmericansandCanadiansvolunteeredtocountbirdsthispastmigrationseasonaspartofProjectFeederWatch.Anotherareawherecitizensciencehasgrownisintestingwater.AmandaBrunercoordinatesSoundCitizen，aprojectbasedattheUniversityofWashingtoncampusinTacoma.ItkeepstrackofpollutantsinPugetSound.Somepeople，includingscientists，stillquestionwhetheraveragecitizenscancollectreliabledata.Newdigitaltoolscanhelpsettlequestionsaboutdataquality，andmakeiteasierforpeopletotakepartincitizenscience.Publichealthresearchisanotherareawhereaveragecitizensaregettinginvolved—insomecases，whetherresearcherslikeitornot.Theideaisforthepublictohaveavoiceinhowpublichealthstudiesaredone.Thereisevenasayingforthiskindofactivism：“Nomoreresearchaboutuswithoutus.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文屬于科普類說明文，主要介紹了公民科學(xué)的含義以及人們對它的看法。1．Whoaretheparticipantsinvolvedincitizenscience?A．Professionalscientistswhohaveretired.B．Thepublicshowinginterestinsomescienceprojects.C．Citizenswhohavespecificscientifictraining.D．Studentswantingtobescientists.解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，公民科學(xué)的參與者是對一些科學(xué)項目有愛好的民眾，他們中很多人并沒有接受過特定的培訓(xùn)。故B項正確。答案B2．Accordingtothepassage，ifyouareinterestedinplants，youmaytakepartin______.A．ProjectBudBurstB．ProjectFeederWatchC．SoundCitizenD．publichealthresearch解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit...Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.”可知答案為A。答案A3．FromParagraph3，wecaninferthat______.A．citizensciencedevelopsquicklyandincludesmanyfieldsB．thereisnoneedforprofessionalscientiststodoresearchC．observationistheonlymethodtodocitizenscienceD．citizensciencehasgrownintestingwater解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段末尾句和第三段所述內(nèi)容可推知，citizenscience進展快速且所涉領(lǐng)域很廣，故A項正確。D屬于明示信息，不屬于推論。答案A4．Whatcanhelpgetreliabledataincitizenscience?A．Specificscientifictraining.B．Moreparticipationofthepublic.C．Greatersocialsupport.D．Newdigitaltools.解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段最終一句“Newdigitaltoolscanhelp...takepartincitizenscience.”可知答案為D。答案D【長難句解讀】原文Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearch-relatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.譯文公民科學(xué)用于指那些處理科學(xué)工作的工程或持續(xù)進行的項目，參與其中的是一些個人志愿者或志愿者群體，他們中很多人可能沒有經(jīng)過特定的科學(xué)訓(xùn)練，而執(zhí)行或者管理與科學(xué)爭辯有關(guān)的一些任務(wù)，如觀看、測量或計算。分析定語從句“inwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers...orcomputation”為限制性定語從句，修飾“projectsorongoingprogramsofscientificwork”，這確定語從句的主語“individualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers”又被manyofwhom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。 Thebookingnotesoftheplay“theAgeofInnocence”: Price:＄10 BOOKING Therearefoureasywaystobookseatsforperformance: ----inperson TheBoxOfficeisopenMondaytoSaturday,10a．m．--8p．m． ----bytelephone Ring01324976toreserveyourticketsortopaybycreditcard（Visa,MasterCardandAmexaccepted）． ----bypost SimplycompletethebookingformandreturnittoGlobalTheatreBoxOffice． ----online Completetheon-linebookingformatwww．satanfiedtheatre．com． DICOUNTS: Saver:＄2offanyseatbookedanytimeinadvanceforperformancesfromMondaytoThursday．Saversareavailableforchildrenupto16yearsold,over60sandfull-timestudents． Supersaver:half-priceseatsareavailableforpeoplewithdisabilitiesandonecompanion．Itisadvisabletobookinadvance．Thereisamaximumofeightwheelchairspacesavailableandonewheelchairspacewillbehelduntilanhourbeforetheshow． Standby:bestavailableseatsareonsalefor＄6fromonehourbeforetheperformanceforpeopleeligible（suitable）forSaverandSupersaverdiscountsandthirtyminutesbeforeforallothercustomers． GroupBookings:thereisatenpercentdiscountforpartiesoftwelveormore． School:schoolpartiesoftenormorecanbook＄6standbyticketsinadvanceandwillgeteverytenthticketfree． PLEASENOTE:weareunabletoexchangeticketsorrefundmoneyunlessaperformanceiscancelledduetounpredictedcircumstances．8．Ifyouwanttobookaticket,youCANNOT_____ A．gototheBoxOfficeonSundays． B．ringthebookingnumberandpayfortheticketsbycreditcard． C．usetheInternet． D．completeabookingformandpostittotheBoxOffice．9．Ifyoumakeagroupbookingforagroupof14adults,howmuchshouldyoupay? A．＄120 B．＄126 C．＄140 D．＄15010．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage? A．Thereareonly8wheelchairspacesinthetheatre． B．Aschoolpartyof15studentsshouldpay90forthestandbytickets． C．Agroupof12personscanget10percentdiscount． D．Theaudiencecan’trefundmoneyiftheperformanceisonshow．11．Whatkindofticketsarethecheapest? A．Thestandbyticketsforschoolpartiesoftenormore． B．Thestandbytickets． C．TheticketsforSaverdiscount． D．Theticketsforgroupbooking．【參考答案】8—11、ABBA 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。Chinesepolitenesshavealwaysbeenformaltofollowstrictrules,althoughsometimesChinesepeopleseemtobeimpoliteaccordingtoWesternstandardsinpublicplaces.TowellunderstandChinese,someconceptsshouldnotbeignored.MianziTheideaofshame,usuallyexpressedas'face'couldbelooselydefinedasthe'status'or'self-respect'inChineseandbynomeansalientoforeigners.ItistheworstthingforaChinesetoloseface.Neverinsult,embarrass,shame,yellatorotherwisedemeanaperson.SincealltheseactionswouldriskputtingaChineseinasituationthathemightloseface,neithertrytoprovesomeonewrongnorshoutathiminpublic.InordertogetasuccessfuleffectwithoutlettingaChineseloseface,anycriticismshouldbedeliveredprivately,carefully,orelse,justoppositetowhatyouwish.GuanxiThroughoutmuchofChinesehistory,thefundamentalgluethathasheldsocietytogetheristheconceptofguanxi,relationshipsbetweenpeople.ItisveryimportantfortheChinesetohavegoodrelationships.Theyoftenregardgoodsocialrelationsasasymbolofpersonalabilityandinfluence.Someonewhohasnoconnectionswouldbedisrespectedandisonlyhalf-Chinese.KeqiKeqinotonlymeansconsiderate,polite,andwellmannered,butalsorepresentsrespectandmodesty.Itisimpolitetotalktooproudlyaboutoneselforone'sinnercircle.Theexpressionismostoftenusedinthenegative,asinbuyaokeqi,meaning"youshouldn'tbesokindandpolitetome,"or"you'rewelcome."Besides,Chineseseldomexpresswhattheythinkdirectlyandtheypreferaroundaboutway.Neithershowtheiremotionsandfeelingsinpublic.Theyrarelygreetpeoplewithahandshake,thoughitisverypopularamongforeigners,andsaynothingofembracingorkissingwhengreetingorsayinggood-bye.Consequently,itisbetternottobehavetoocarefreeinpublic,eventhoughyouarewell-intentioned.Also,itisadvisabletobefairlycautiousinpoliticaldiscussions.Donotparticularlypushyourselfforward,orelseyouareunwelcome.Tosumup,doinRomeasRomedoes,butyouneednotworryabouttheseculturalbarrierssincemostChinesearehospitableandfriendlyandwillnotmindyournoaccomplishment.1.InmostChinese’seyes,thefundamentalglueholdingsocietytogetheristheideaof____.A.relationshipsbetweenpeople B.influencesuponothersC.dependenceonothers D.kindnesstoothers2.Theunderlinedword“demean”inthefirstparagraphmeansmakepeople_____.A.respectful B.happy C.shameful D.weak3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Itisimpolitetoinsult,embarrass,shameorshoutataperson. B.Itispolitethatyoushouldbringgiftstootherswheninvitedtodinner.C.Itisnecessarytoshowyourcharacterofbeingconsiderate,polite,andwellmannered.D.ItisimportantfortheChinesetohavegoodrelationshipsbetweenpeople.4.Whichofthefollowingproverbshasthesamemeaningastheunderlinedsentence“DoinRomeasRomedoes.”?A.Cautionistheparentofsafety. B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.There’snosmokewithoutfire. D.Ifyouareelsewhere,liveastheydothere.【參考答案】1—4、ACBD【2022高考英語廣東省中山市華僑中學(xué)一模試題】基礎(chǔ)寫作（共1小題，滿分15分）你是校報小記者，最近進行了一次采訪。以下是這次采訪的狀況：時間：上周末對象：眼科醫(yī)生(eye-doctor)王教授主題：我國中學(xué)校生近視(short-sightedness)問題基本信息：(1)發(fā)生率：略高于50％(2)人數(shù)：世界第一專家解讀：(1)緣由：很簡潔(2)治療：沒有哪一種藥物能治愈近視(3)建議：不要過度用眼；多參與戶外活動(4)特殊提示：如何握筆也和近視有關(guān)[寫作內(nèi)容]依據(jù)以上狀況寫一篇采訪報道，并包括如下內(nèi)容：1．采訪的時間、對象和主題；2．中學(xué)校生近視的發(fā)生率及人數(shù)；3．專家解讀。[寫作要求]只能使用5個句子表達全部內(nèi)容。[評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]句子結(jié)構(gòu)精確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章連貫。【參考范文】基礎(chǔ)寫作：Lastweekend,Ihadaninterviewwithaneye-doctor,ProfessorWang,abouttheprimaryandmiddlestudent'sshort-sightednessinourcountry.Itissaidthatslightlymorethan50%students,whichranksNo.1intheworld,areshort-sighted.ProfessorWangsaidthereasonofshort-sightednessiscomplicatedandthereisstillnocureforshort-sightedness.Hesuggestedthatweshouldavoidoverusingoureyesanddomoreoutdoorexercise.What’smore,sincetheholdingofpenhassomethingtodowiththeshort-sightedness,weneedtopayattentiontousingthepen.【2022高考英語廣東省中山市華僑中學(xué)一模試題】讀寫任務(wù)（共1小題，滿分25分）閱讀下面的短文，然后依據(jù)要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。The“CleanYourPlate”campaignwasstartedbynongovernmentalorganizationsandactivists,whichurgedpeopletosavefoodbynotwastinganythingonthediningtable.Thecampaign,launchedonWeibo,wassoonjoinedbymillionsofnetizensacrossChinatofightagainstfoodwaste.TheestimatedannualwasteofgraininChinareaches50milliontons,enoughtofeedabout200millionpeopleforayear.PeoplefromacrossChinasupportthecampaign.TheCentralGovernmenthaspromisedtotakemeasurestoreducefoodwaste,taketheleadinsavingfoodMoreandmoreChinesearesaying“No”tofoodwaste.StaffmembersofarestaurantsetoffacampaignencouragingcustomerstostopfoodwasteinQingdao,Shandongprovince,Jan.24.“Didyouemptythedishestoday?”hasbecomethemostpopularquestioninChinaInsomerestaurantstherearesignsremindingthedinersnottowastefood.Someevenofferawardstothecustomerswhoeatalltheirfood,aspartofthecampaigntoreducewaste.Moreandmorerestaurantskindlyremindandencouragecustomerstotaketheirleftoversaway.[寫作內(nèi)容]1.以約30個詞概括上文的主要內(nèi)容。2.以約120個詞就“光盤行動”的話題談?wù)勀愕南敕ǎ瑑?nèi)容包括：(1)“光盤行動”產(chǎn)生的背景；(2)“光盤行動”的作用；(3)你對“光盤行動”的看法和訴求。[寫作要求]1.作文中可以使用親身經(jīng)受或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2.作文中不能毀滅真實姓名和學(xué)