高中英語(yǔ)名詞語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)PPT課件

1、.,1,語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題（一）,名 詞,.,2,名詞要點(diǎn)精講,名詞是高考的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。從語(yǔ)法和詞匯兩個(gè)方面來(lái)考察 其用法，在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形、改錯(cuò)中都可感知高考中名詞 的考查點(diǎn)。,.,3,專(zhuān)有名詞主要是指人名、地名或某類(lèi)人或事物的 名稱(chēng)，如Beijing，China等。 普通名詞是一類(lèi)人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的 名詞，如：book，sadness等。,名詞,.,4,專(zhuān)有名詞(Proper Nouns),普通名詞 (Common Nouns),個(gè)體名詞(Individual Nouns),集體名詞(Collective Nouns),物質(zhì)名詞(Material Nouns),抽象名詞(Abstract N

2、ouns),不可數(shù)名詞(Uncountable Nouns),可數(shù)名詞(Countable Nouns),.,5,個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為可數(shù)名詞（Countable Nouns），物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為不可數(shù)名詞（Uncountable Nouns）。,.,6,Proper Nouns: 指人名、地名及某些人和事物專(zhuān)有的名稱(chēng),Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Years Day,注意：專(zhuān)有名詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě),.,7,Common Nouns： 一類(lèi)人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞,1. Ind

3、ividual Nouns: 指作為個(gè)體而存在的人或東西,可以指具體的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments,也可指抽象東西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream,.,8,2. Collective Nouns: 表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體,Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public,集體名詞有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待，有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，視為整體時(shí)作單數(shù)看，突出它的成員時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看。,His family _ not large. (be),Cf: His

4、 family _ all music lovers. (be),在一些情況下，集體名詞后單復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以用，沒(méi)什么差別。,Eg: The audience was (were) excited by the show.,is,are,.,9,有少數(shù)集體名詞通常用作單數(shù)。,Eg: The gang is being hunted by the police.,Our company is sending him to work in Berlin.,個(gè)別集體名詞則多作復(fù)數(shù)看待。,Eg: The police are looking for him.,.,10,3. Material Nouns

5、: 指無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)。,Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil,一般來(lái)說(shuō)，物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)的，因而沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。但有一些特殊情況：,1) 有些物質(zhì)名詞可用作可數(shù)名詞，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一種”,Eg: Two strong black coffees, please. ( 兩份）,Three beers, please. (三杯）,It was a special tea. (一種）,2)個(gè)別物質(zhì)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示特別的意義。,Eg: rains （雨季） sands （沙灘）

6、snows (積雪） waters(海域),.,11,4.Abstract Nouns:表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念,Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc.,多數(shù)情況下，這種名詞常用于單數(shù)形式，不加任何冠詞。,Eg: Hes learning French for fun.,I wish you good luck.,抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。,Failure is the mother of success. (失敗與成功在此為抽象概念） As a teacher

7、, she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child. (成功者，失敗者，可數(shù)),.,12,名詞的數(shù),不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，它包括 抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和專(zhuān)有名詞。例如： health, advice, glass, wood, English, America 不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)形式。,.,13,可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分?？蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有以下幾種：,.,14,Notes:,*1:stomach,st

8、omachs,*2:以元音+y或以專(zhuān)有名詞+y結(jié)尾的名詞，直接在詞尾加-s. Eg:boys; toys; Henrys,*3: 以元音+o eg: videos; studios 以oo結(jié)尾 eg: zoos; bamboos;kangaroos 一些外來(lái)詞(特別是音樂(lè)方面的詞) eg: pianos 一些縮寫(xiě)詞 eg: kilos; photos; memos 一些專(zhuān)有名詞 eg: Eskimos; Filipinos,直接在詞尾加-s.,*4:以f/fe結(jié)尾只加-s的詞： proofs;gulfs; cliffs; roofs;serfs; beliefs; chiefs,handker

9、chief（手帕，手絹）的復(fù)數(shù)形式兩者都可以。,.,15,單復(fù)數(shù)相同的情況：,sheep; deer; means; fish; works; species; Chinese;Japanese 以及由漢語(yǔ)音譯表示度量衡、貨幣等單位的名詞。 Eg: yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu,只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的情況：,trousers(褲子); glasses(眼鏡); compasses(圓規(guī)) a pair of thanks; clothes; remains; goods; people; cattle,.,16,復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：,1.主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式： lookers-on

10、; editors-in-chief;sons-in-law 2.兩個(gè)組成部分皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)： women doctors; men cooks* 這種形式的第一個(gè)名詞必須是man或woman,.,17,不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)：,有些外來(lái)詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式：,.,18,有些名詞可以兼作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。,glass ( 玻璃 ) copper ( 銅 ) tin ( 錫 ) paper ( 紙 ) iron (鐵 ) wood ( 木頭 ) gold (金子 ) youth (青春 ) power ( 力量 ) beauty ( 美 ) pleasure( 愉快 ) relation(關(guān)系）,a glas

11、s ( 玻璃杯 ) a copper ( 銅幣板 ) a tin ( 罐頭 ) a paper ( 報(bào)紙，證件，論文 ) an iron (熨斗 ) a wood ( 樹(shù)林 ) a gold (金牌 ) a youth (年青人 ) a power ( 大國(guó) ) a beauty ( 美人，美的東西 ) a pleasure( 使人感到愉快的事 ) a relation(親戚）,.,19,英語(yǔ)中有許多對(duì)詞，一個(gè)可數(shù)，一個(gè)不可數(shù)。,a poem(一首詩(shī) ) a machine(一臺(tái)機(jī)器 ) a job(一件工作 ) a laugh(一個(gè)笑聲 ) a permit(許可證 ) a garment

12、(一件衣裳 ) a bag(case) (一件行李 ) a loaf (一只面包 ) a hair(一根頭發(fā) ),poetry(詩(shī)歌總稱(chēng) ) machinery(機(jī)器總稱(chēng) ) work(工作 ) laughter(笑聲 ) permission(允許 ) clothing(衣裳總稱(chēng) ) luggage, baggage(行李 ) bread(面包 ) hair( 頭發(fā)),.,20,幾個(gè)名詞的特殊用法,hair _. （他的頭發(fā)是白的。） _. （他有幾根白的頭發(fā)。）,His hair is white,He has a few grey hairs,fruit The fruit is swe

13、et. He likes pears, peaches, grapes and other fruits.,.,21,police The police _ searching for the murderer.,were,dozen, score two (many, several) dozen pencils three _ them / these pencils dozens of students two score of students scores of people,dozen of,word（消息，通知）, man（人類(lèi)），前面不加冠詞，也不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。,.,

14、22,名詞的格,所有格的形式： 一般的名詞所有格在后面加 s，如： Marys book 以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格在后面僅加 ，如： Teachers Day, the students reading-room 以 s 結(jié)尾的專(zhuān)有名詞所有格，如： Engelss works 或Engels works,.,23,s 結(jié)尾的所有格形式多用于有生命的東西的名詞。但有時(shí)其它的名詞也可以，如：todays newspaper, fifteen minutes ride等與時(shí)間有關(guān)的名詞。 凡不能加 s 構(gòu)成所有格的名詞，都可以與 of 結(jié)成短語(yǔ)，來(lái)表示所有格關(guān)系。就是有生命的東西的名詞也可如此，

15、特別是當(dāng)這個(gè)名詞有較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)。如： Do you know the name of the girl standing at the gate?,.,24,一個(gè)名詞所有格所修飾的詞，如果前面已經(jīng)提到，往往可以省略，避免前后重復(fù)。如： This is not my pen, but Marys. 有時(shí)某些 s 結(jié)尾的所有格形式可以表示地點(diǎn)，如某人的家或店鋪、教堂等： We can meet at Marys. He went to his sisters for dinner yesterday. I had the dress made at the tailors at the corne

16、r of the street. Last week we visited St. Pauls.,.,25,.,26,名詞所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns),some patterns:,Ill take the risk for friendships sake. She was at her wits end. Now they could sing at their hearts content. We should get the children out of harms way. We had best keep them at arms lengt

17、h. For goodness sake,stop arguing. Jane got the moneys worth out of the coat.,(為了友誼）,（黔驢技窮）,（盡情地）,（不受損害）,（保持距離）,（看在上帝的份上）,（很合算）,.,27,名詞在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。 名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，需注意： an enemy soldier several _ a boy student three _ a man teacher three _ a woman doctor three _ _ （一家鞋店）,名詞在句子中的作用,enemy soldiers,bo

18、y students,men teachers,women doctors,a shoe store,.,28,heart trouble snow mountain hearty welcome snowy table-cloth rain drops stone house rainy season stony heart rose garden rosy face gold ring golden sunshine/times/age/wedding,用名詞作定語(yǔ)和用形容詞作定語(yǔ)的比較：,.,29,_ turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. L

19、eave D. Leaves 2. He dropped the _ and broke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 3. I need _ cloth, for Im going to make _ clothes. A. a lot of; many B. much; much C. many; many D. many; a lot,歷年高考試題,.,30,4. He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. A. wealth;

20、work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works 5. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _. A. energy B. source C. power D. material 6. Youll find this map of great _ in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness,.,31,7

21、. - Who did you spend last weekend with? - _ . A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palmers 8. My parents always let me have my own _ of living. A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion 9. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _ of courage and power. A. example B. sign

22、C. mark D. symbol,.,32,10. We volunteered to collect money to help the _ of the earthquake. A. victims B. folks C. fellows D. villagers 11. If you dont take away all your things from the desk, there wont be enough _ for my stationery. A. area B. place C. room D. surface 12. It is widely accepted tha

23、t young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _ . A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results,.,33,13. In the botanic garden we can find a(n) _ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. A. species B. group C. amount D. variety 14. - Can you shoot that bird at the top of t

24、he tree? - No, its out of _ . A. range B. reach C. control D. distance 15. The life of London is made up of many different _ . A. elements B. sections C. material D. realities,.,34,16. For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _ . A. weather B. temperature C. season D. clim

25、ate 17. To regain their _ after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass. A. force B. energy C. power D. health 18. I saw Bob play the piano at Johns party and on that _ he was simply brilliant. A. scene B. circumstance C. occasion D. situation,.,35,19. It cant be a(n) _ that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. A. coincidence B. accident C. incident D. chance 20. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drink and heart attack is not necess