中山大學(xué) 翻譯學(xué)院 Of Envy

1、1 Week 2 Of Envy by Francis Bacon難度：一、結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)1-2 開頭-嫉妒的介紹1）何種人最易嫉人2）何種人最易受嫉;以及公妒與私妒有何分別3-9 招人嫉妒者1） 無(wú)德者必會(huì)嫉妒有道德的人2） 多事好問(wèn)之人每善嫉3） 貴族中人對(duì)新進(jìn)之人當(dāng)其騰達(dá)之時(shí)常露嫉妒之情4） 殘疾之人、宦官、老人與私生子均善妒5） 經(jīng)過(guò)大禍與不幸而再起的人也富于嫉妒心6） 那些因其輕薄和自負(fù)而想在各方面都勝過(guò)他人者亦常嫉妒7） 近親、同事、與同養(yǎng)之人，最容易在平輩騰達(dá)的時(shí)候嫉妒他們10-12 不易被人嫉妒者1） 首先，有大德者步入老年后較少遭人嫉妒2） 那些一直把自己的顯赫與辛勞、焦慮或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)連

2、在一起的人較少成為嫉妒的對(duì)象13-14 總階段落15-17 公妒和私妒1） 公妒優(yōu)點(diǎn)2） 主要針對(duì)的人群18 總結(jié)2、 重點(diǎn)詞匯清單（注：paraphrase簡(jiǎn)潔易懂即可）例如：para.1-5fascinate迷住 to attract or interest sb bewitch 迷住 to attract or impress sbvehement 強(qiáng)烈的 showing very strong feelingsinquisitive 好打聽的 asking too many questions, especially about secret thingsmalevolence 惡意

3、having or showing a desire to harm other peoplecalamities 災(zāi)禍 an event that causes great damage para.6-10redemption 贖回；拯救the act of saving ; the act of redeeming levity 輕浮behavior that shows a lack of respect for sth seriousupbraid斥責(zé) to criticize sb for they have done something wrongvile 卑劣 morally b

4、admalignant 惡意的 sb that is cruel and like to cause harmliberality 慷慨 the quality of being generouspara.11-18bemoan 訴苦express sorrow or dissatisfactioneminence 顯赫；卓越 the quality of being famous and respectedinsolent 傲慢無(wú)禮的 extremely rude and showing a lack of respectperil 危機(jī) serious dangerimportune糾纏t

5、o ask sb for sth many times and in a way that is annoying depraved 墮落的 morally bad3、 句子翻譯 （注：連續(xù)的3-5句為一小段，找出考試比較可能考的小段）para.3A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever envieth virtue in others. For mens minds will either feed upon（滋養(yǎng)） their own good or upon others evil; and who wanteth（缺少） the one wi

6、ll prey upon（陷害） the other; and whoso is out of hope to attain to anothers virtue, will seek to come at even hand（求得平衡 ） by depressing anothers fortune.（翻譯吧?。o(wú)德者必會(huì)嫉妒有道德的人。因?yàn)槿说男撵`如若不能從自身的優(yōu)點(diǎn)中取得養(yǎng)料，就必定要找別人的缺點(diǎn)作為養(yǎng)料。而嫉妒者往往是自己既沒(méi)有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，又看不到別人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)的，因此他只能用敗壞別人幸福的辦法來(lái)安慰自己。當(dāng)一個(gè)人自身缺乏某種美德的時(shí)候，他就一定貶低別人的這種美德，以求實(shí)現(xiàn)兩者的平衡。para.

7、4A man that is busy and inquisitive（好打聽的） is commonly envious. For to know much of other mens matters cannot be because all that ado（無(wú)謂的忙亂） may concern his own estate; therefore it must needs be that he taketh a kind of play-pleasure（戲劇式的樂(lè)趣） in looking upon the fortunes of others. Neither can he tha

8、t mindeth but his own business find much matter for envy. For envy is a gadding（游蕩的） passion, and walketh the streets, and doth not keep home: 嫉妒者必定是多問(wèn)好事的。他們之所以特別關(guān)心別人，并非因?yàn)槭虑榕c他們的切身利害有關(guān)，而是為了通過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)別人的不愉快，來(lái)使自己得到一種賞心悅目的愉快。其實(shí)每一個(gè)埋頭深入自己事業(yè)的人，是沒(méi)有功夫去嫉妒別人的。因?yàn)榧刀适且环N四處游蕩的情欲，能享有他的只能是閑人。para.6Deformed（畸形的） persons, an

9、d eunuchs（宦官）, and old men, and bastards（私生子）, are envious. For he that cannot possibly mend his own case will do what he can to impair（破壞） anothers; except these defects light upon a very brave and heroical nature, which thinketh to make his natural wants part of his honor; in that it should be sai

10、d, that an eunuch, or a lame man, did such great matters; affecting the honor of a miracle有某種難以克服的缺陷的人如殘疾人、宦官、老年人或私生子，是容易嫉妒別人的。由于自己的缺陷無(wú)法補(bǔ)償，因此需要損傷別人來(lái)求得補(bǔ)償。只有當(dāng)這種缺陷是落在一個(gè)具有偉大品格的人身上時(shí)才不會(huì)如此。那種品格能夠讓一種缺陷轉(zhuǎn)化為光榮。負(fù)著殘疾的恥辱，去完成一件大事業(yè)，使人們更加為之驚嘆。para.7The same is the case of men that rise after calamities（災(zāi)禍） and misfo

11、rtunes. For they are as men fallen out with the times（時(shí)代的落伍者）; and think other mens harms a redemption（補(bǔ)償）of their own sufferings.經(jīng)歷過(guò)巨大的災(zāi)禍和磨難的人，也容易產(chǎn)生嫉妒。因?yàn)樗麄兪菚r(shí)代的落伍者，這種人樂(lè)于把別人的失敗，看作對(duì)自己過(guò)去所歷痛苦的抵償。para.8They that desire to excel in too many matters, out of levity（輕浮） and vain glory（虛榮）, are ever envious.

12、For they cannot want work; it being impossible but many in some one of those things should surpass them. Which was the character of Adrian the Emperor; that mortally（非常） envied poets and painters and artificers, in works wherein he had a vein（擅長(zhǎng)） to excel.那些因其輕薄和自負(fù)而想在各方面都勝過(guò)他人者亦常嫉妒，因?yàn)樗麄兘^不會(huì)缺少嫉妒的對(duì)象，在他們

13、想爭(zhēng)勝的諸多方面之某一方面，總會(huì)有許多人會(huì)勝過(guò)他們。羅馬皇帝哈德良就是這種嫉妒者，他善詩(shī)畫和工藝，因此他非常嫉妒真正的詩(shī)人、畫家和技師。para.9Lastly, near kinsfolks(同族親友), and fellows in office, and those that have been bred together, are more apt to envy their equals when they are raised. For it doth upbraid（苛責(zé)） unto them their own fortunes, and pointeth（指責(zé)） at the

14、m, and cometh oftener into their remembrance（回憶）, and incurreth（引起） likewise more into the note of others; and envy ever redoubleth from speech and fame. 最后，近親、同事、與同養(yǎng)之人，最容易在平輩騰達(dá)的時(shí)候嫉妒他們。因?yàn)檫@些騰達(dá)的人們可說(shuō)是以他們的幸福顯出了同輩的不良;指責(zé)了他們。并且這些騰達(dá)的人們?nèi)胪叺子洃浿休^繁，同樣地，常惹他們注意;而嫉妒之心是由言談及名聲而倍增的。para.11Persons of noble blood are

15、less envied in their rising. For it seemeth but right done to their birth. Besides, there seemeth not much added to their fortune; and envy is as the sunbeams, that beat hotter upon a bank or steep rising ground, than upon a flat.出身貴族者在升遷時(shí)較少遭人嫉妒，因?yàn)槟强瓷先o(wú)非是出身高貴的必然結(jié)果，再說(shuō)這種錦上添花似乎也不會(huì)給他們帶來(lái)更多的好處。且嫉妒猶如日光，它射在

16、陡坡峭壁上比射在平地上更使人感覺其熱。para.13Notwithstanding（盡管）, so much is true, that the carriage of greatness in a plain and open manner (so it be without arrogancy and vain glory) doth draw less envy than if it be in a more crafty（狡詐）and cunning（狡猾的） fashion. For in that course a man doth but disavow（否認(rèn)） fortune;

17、 and seemeth to be conscious of his own want in worth; and doth but teach others to envy him. 以直率坦蕩的態(tài)度對(duì)待富資比用虛偽狡詐的態(tài)度更少遭人妒忌，只要那直率坦蕩中沒(méi)有傲慢與自負(fù)的成分；因?yàn)橛煤笠环N態(tài)度者無(wú)非是否認(rèn)自己的幸運(yùn)，而那會(huì)讓人覺得他自己都感到他不配享受富貴，因此他恰好是教別人來(lái)嫉妒自己。para.17But this is a sure rule, that if the envy upon the minister be great, when the cause of it in hi

18、m is small; or if the envy be general in a manner upon all the ministers of an estate; then the envy (though hidden) is truly upon the state itself.但有一條千真萬(wàn)確的規(guī)律，那就是如果某位大臣并無(wú)甚過(guò)失卻招來(lái)公眾強(qiáng)烈的嫉妒，或是公眾的嫉妒在某種程度上是針對(duì)一國(guó)之所有大臣，那嫉妒的矛頭（雖隱而不露）實(shí)際上就是指向國(guó)家本身了。4、 簡(jiǎn)答題例：1. 哪些人容易被人嫉妒？A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever e

19、nvieth virtue in others. 無(wú)德者必會(huì)嫉妒有道德的人。A man that is busy and inquisitive（好打聽的） is commonly envious. 嫉妒者必定是多問(wèn)好事的。Men of noble birth are noted to be envious towards new men when they rise. 一個(gè)后起之秀是招人嫉妒的，尤其要受那些貴族元老的嫉妒。Deformed（畸形的） persons, and eunuchs（宦官）, and old men, and bastards（私生子）, are envious.有某種難以克服的缺陷的人如殘疾人、宦官、老年人或私生子，是容易嫉妒別人的。The same is the case of men that rise after calamities（災(zāi)禍） and misfortunes. 經(jīng)歷過(guò)巨大的災(zāi)禍和磨難的人，也容易產(chǎn)生嫉妒。They that desire to excel in too many matters, out of levity（輕?。?and vain glory（虛榮）, are ever envious.那些因其輕薄和自負(fù)而想在各方面都勝過(guò)他人者亦常嫉妒near kinsfolks, and fellows in