高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)精講學(xué)案：虛擬語氣

1、虛擬語氣情況從句的動(dòng)詞主句的動(dòng)詞例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去式(be動(dòng)詞一律用were)would/could/should/might 動(dòng)詞原形If I had time，I would attend your party.如果我有時(shí)間，我就去參加你的宴會(huì)了。If I saw him now，I would be very happy.如果我現(xiàn)在見到他，我會(huì)很高興的。與過去事實(shí)相反had過去分詞would/could/should/mighthave過去分詞You didnt let me drive.If we had driven in turn，you wouldnt have got

2、 so tired.你當(dāng)時(shí)不讓我開車。如果我們輪流開，你就不會(huì)覺得那么累了。與將來事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去式；should動(dòng)詞原形；were to動(dòng)詞原形would/could/might/should動(dòng)詞原形If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我們就照相。注意：(1)若條件句中有were，had，should，可把if 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主語前，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。Had you taken my advice，you wouldnt h

3、ave failed in the examination.如果你聽了我的建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。(2)有時(shí)主句和虛擬條件從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，此時(shí)，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)感到很累的。(從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在)(3)有時(shí)虛擬條件并不通過條件從句表達(dá)出來，而是通過詞、短語或上下文暗示，此時(shí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)要依具體情況而定。Without electricity(If there were no electricity)

4、，life would be quite different today.如果沒有電，今天的生活就會(huì)完全不同。But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的幫助，那將會(huì)導(dǎo)致巨大的損失。I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。1.(2010湖南卷)If he_my a

5、dvice，he wouldnt have lost his job.AfollowedBshould followChad followedDwould follow解析：句意為：如果他(當(dāng)時(shí))接受我的建議，就不會(huì)丟掉他的工作了。本題考查虛擬語氣。因?yàn)閕f條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故采用過去完成時(shí)。答案：C2(2011廈門市質(zhì)量檢查)Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I _late yesterday.Dont mention it.Ashould beBwould beCwill have beenDwould have been解析：考查

6、虛擬語氣。從語境可知說話人是在談?wù)撟蛱斓氖?，因此要使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would完成式。謝謝你提醒我時(shí)間，不然昨天我就遲到了。答案：D3(2011山東濰坊質(zhì)檢)_more careful，the mistake would not have been made.AIf he isBHad he beenCShould he beDIf he has been解析：從主句中的would not have been made 可知，這是與過去相反的虛擬語氣，因此從句謂語動(dòng)詞用had been 的形式，又因助動(dòng)詞為had時(shí)，可將if省掉，had提前，故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B(1)在名詞性從句中，常用來表示命令、

7、建議、要求、愿望等的詞后賓語從句和同位語從句中用虛擬語氣，形式為：(should)動(dòng)詞原形。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：advise 勸告，demand 要求，desire 渴望，command 命令，insist 堅(jiān)持，prefer 寧愿，urge 主張，order 命令，recommend 推薦，request 要求，require 要求，suggest 建議，以及這些詞的名詞形式。Janes pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she (should)have a medical examinati

8、on.簡(jiǎn)蒼白的臉色表明她生病了，她父母建議她做一下醫(yī)學(xué)檢查。(2)wish后面所跟賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish主語動(dòng)詞過去式或were表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：wish主語had過去分詞表示對(duì)將來情況的虛擬：wish主語would動(dòng)詞原形I wish she were here.她在這兒就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。I wish she had taken my advice.那時(shí)她要是聽我的話就好了。1.(2010福建卷)Teachers recommend parents_their child

9、ren under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allowBdo not allowCmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow解析：句意為：為了安全起見，老師建議家長不要讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車上學(xué)。本題考查虛擬語氣用法。recommend，suggest，insist，order，request，advise等表“建議、命令、要求”等意思的動(dòng)詞，后接賓語從句時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should 可以省略。答案：A2(2011山東濰坊質(zhì)量抽樣)The order came that th

10、e medical supplies _to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.Awould be sentBshould sendCbe sentDmust be sent解析：當(dāng)表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞(如order，suggest，command等)后面接從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語氣。從句謂語用shoulddo，should可以省略。order后的同位語從句也用虛擬語氣，故選C項(xiàng)。答案：C(1)would rather 句型中的虛擬語氣表示愿望，意為“寧愿，但愿”。Id rather we didnt go to see a film this even

11、ing.我倒希望我們今晚不去看電影。(2)It is(high/about)time(that).句型中的虛擬語氣在句型“It is (high/about)time.”后面也可跟虛擬語氣，從句中常用過去式。有時(shí)也用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，意為“該是的時(shí)候了”。It is time (that)we went home.我們?cè)摶丶伊恕?3)if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣在“if only”引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，要求用虛擬語氣，表示愿望。用過去時(shí)或“would/could動(dòng)詞原形”表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實(shí)相反的愿望；用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。 If only I had not b

12、een ill last week!要是上周我沒病該多好啊！1.(2010合肥第三次教學(xué)檢測(cè))Sorry，Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.Well._you hadnt wasted so much time playing online games.AAs ifBEven ifCIf onlyDOnly if解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意為：爸爸，對(duì)不起，我的學(xué)習(xí)情況不太好。哦，要是你不把那么多的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲上就好了。if only(但愿)接虛擬語氣，表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)。as if好像，even if即使，only if只有，都

13、是狀語從句的連詞，不符合語意。答案：C2. (2011青島一模)My uncle suggests I_abroad.I would rather you_at home.Ago；stayBwent；stayedCgo；stayed Dwent；stay解析：suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí)，從句中要用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)是“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。would rather后面跟從句時(shí)，從句中也要用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)語境此處應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。答案：C1(2010浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time

14、and energy_.Awould have been savedBhad been savedCwill be savedDwas saved解析：句意為：如果我了解這種電腦程序的話，就可以節(jié)約大量的時(shí)間和精力。本題考查虛擬語氣。如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反的話，條件句采用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)(如果省略if可采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))，主句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采用“wouldhave過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為A項(xiàng)。答案：A2(2010陜西卷)If we_the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.AtakeBhad takenCtoo

15、kDhave taken解析：句意為：如果我們走另一條路，我們可能早就按時(shí)到會(huì)了。本題考查的是虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意及后邊主句謂語might have arrived 可知if 從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故if從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。答案：B3(2010北京卷)The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables_.Awouldnt dieBdidnt dieChadnt diedDwouldnt have d

16、ied解析：句意為：現(xiàn)在天氣變得又熱又干。是啊。如果當(dāng)初下一點(diǎn)雨，現(xiàn)在情況也會(huì)好很多！我的蔬菜也就不會(huì)死了。本題考查虛擬語氣。題干中If引導(dǎo)的從句為過去完成時(shí)，是對(duì)過去事情的虛擬，主句卻是would do，對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬，此為干擾部分，考生須分析清楚句意，空格處表示蔬菜都死了，是過去的事實(shí)，在對(duì)過去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬，故選擇D項(xiàng)。答案：D4(2009福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not winBwould not have

17、 wonCwould win Dwould have won解析：本題考查虛擬語氣用法。句意為：要沒有我英語老師的幫助，我不會(huì)在英語寫作比賽中獲得第一名。本題考查虛擬語氣用法，根據(jù)句意，可知主句應(yīng)該使用否定式，而本句是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為B項(xiàng)。答案：B5. (2009浙江卷)The doctor recommended that you_swim after eating a large meal.Awouldnt BcouldntCneednt Dshouldnt解析： 句意為：醫(yī)生建議你不應(yīng)該在飽餐之后游泳。recommend后的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞為“(shoul

18、d)do”，故選D。答案：D6. (2009安徽卷)But for their help，we_the program in time.Acan not finishBwill not finishChad not finishedDcould not have finished解析：句意為：如果不是他們的幫助，我們就不能及時(shí)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句意，選用could not have finished表示與過去相反。答案：D7. (2009天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it_break down within the first year，we w

19、ould repair it at our expense.Awould BshouldCcould Dmight解析：句意為：這臺(tái)打印機(jī)質(zhì)量很好。如果第一年使用壞了，我們保修。虛擬語氣中表示將來時(shí)間的條件句有三種，就此句而言，應(yīng)為：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。答案：B8. (2007全國卷)_he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race.AIfBSinceCThoughDWhen解析：考查與過去情況相反的虛擬語氣。從句用if.ha

20、d done，主句用.would/could have done.。答案：A9. (2007山東卷)They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.Ahad gotBgotChave gotDget解析：本題考查混合虛擬語氣。本題前面部分是事實(shí)，后半句是虛擬語氣。答案：B10. (2007全國卷)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_yesterday.Awas happeningBhappensChas happene

21、dDhappened解析：考查虛擬語氣。由as if引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語氣，再結(jié)合前面的remembers可知與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，因此用一般過去時(shí)。答案：D1(2011天津質(zhì)檢)My suggestion is that you_much meat.Awouldnt takeBshall not takeCnot haveDwont have解析：當(dāng)suggest 或suggestion 為“建議”的意思時(shí)，與其有關(guān)的從句就要用虛擬語氣，即“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should 可以省略。答案：C2(2011安徽蕪湖調(diào)研)If human beings had been a bit less g

22、reedy and cruel，more birds and animals_dying out.Aought to avoidBcould have been avoidedCshould have avoidedDmight have avoided解析：句意為：如果人類少點(diǎn)貪婪少點(diǎn)殘忍，更多的鳥類和動(dòng)物就有可能免于滅絕。這里考查的是對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)，從句用had done，主句用would/could/might have done。avoid “避免”，其后接doing 時(shí)沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案：D3(2011哈爾濱檢測(cè))_anyone call，please tell him Im no

23、t free.AMustBCanCMayDShould解析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。句意為：如果有人給我打電話，就告訴他我很忙。第一個(gè)分句是省略了if 虛擬條件句，補(bǔ)充完整為：If anyone should call，please tell him Im not free.當(dāng)if 省略時(shí)，句子要倒裝，故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D4(2011北京海淀期末)If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed，we _there by now.Awould beBareChave beenDhad been解析：句意為：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么長時(shí)間的話，我

24、們現(xiàn)在就到那里了。從句用了與過去相反的虛擬語氣，但主句與現(xiàn)在情況相反，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A5(2011北京海淀期末練習(xí))If you_to my birthday party last Saturday，you would have met our old friend Jim.Oh，what a pity!AcameBhad comeCwould comeDwould have come解析：從語意分析，這是非真實(shí)條件句中對(duì)過去狀況的虛擬，主句謂語用should/would/could/might have done，條件句用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，答案應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。答案：B6(2011福建龍巖檢測(cè))I d

25、idnt attend the lecture yesterday.I_，either，if my mother hadnt reminded me.AwouldntBwouldnt haveCdidntDhadnt解析：考查虛擬語氣。從句子中if my mother hadnt reminded me 知，此處是對(duì)過去狀況的虛擬，主句應(yīng)該用should/would/could/mighthave done結(jié)構(gòu)，從選項(xiàng)中看只有B項(xiàng)合適(I wouldnt have 是I wouldnt have attended the lecture的省略)。答案：B7(2010南通二模)How much

26、of the foreign experts speech have you understood?Next to nothing.I wish I_harder at English.AworkedBhad workedCwould workDwere working解析：考查虛擬語氣。wish 后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反，意思是：我希望我(過去)更努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語了。答案：B8(2010皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考)Without the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Speaking Com

27、petition.Awould winBwould have wonCwould not winDwould not have won解析：考查虛擬語氣。這是一個(gè)隱含虛擬條件句，含有if my English teacher hadnt helped me with my spoken English之意，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，故用與過去相反的虛擬語氣，因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。答案：D9(2011長春第一次調(diào)研)It is required that the students_mobile phones in their school，so seldom_them using one.Ashould

28、 not use；you will seeBnot use；will you seeCmustnt use；will you seeDnot use；you will see解析：考查虛擬語氣和倒裝語序。英語中表示命令、建議或要求的動(dòng)詞或名詞后面的從句中通常使用should do形式的虛擬語氣，should可以省略。seldom是否定副詞，位于句首時(shí)，句子要采用部分倒裝語序。答案：B10. (2010日照二模)“If I_taking drugs，I would be a successful businessman now，” said the dying heroin addict.Adidnt start Bhavent startedChadnt started Dshouldnt start解析：考查虛擬語氣。此題是一個(gè)混合虛擬語氣句，從句是對(duì)過去事情的虛擬，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，主句指說話時(shí)可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。答案：C11. (2011福建檢測(cè))I didnt go to the movie last night because of the rain.What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I_it.Aw