定語從句課件_絕對經(jīng)典系列.ppt

1、The Attributive Clause,定語從句,知識準(zhǔn)備,什么是定語： 用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語、從句。 .,4.定語 修飾和限定名詞和代詞的詞。通常由形容詞，代詞(多為形容詞性物主代詞），數(shù)詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞和從句（定語從句）來擔(dān)當(dāng)。 a kind girl, a book on the desk I have homework to finish. the fallen leaves the boy who is very smart,基本結(jié)構(gòu),He was holding onto a tree that grew against the wall.,主句: He

2、 was holding onto a tree. 從句：A tree grew against the wall.,還原,定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，跟在名詞或代詞后修飾該名詞或代詞。 1. 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。 2. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系代詞：who, whom(作賓語成分）, whose, that, which 關(guān)系副詞：when（時間）, where（地點(diǎn)）,why（原因）,名詞/代詞 + 定語從句,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用： 1、引導(dǎo)作用 2、替代作用 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個成分的作用 Eg: 1.Those who want to go please

3、should be ready. 2. Bill, who was my student , asked me questions.,關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時指代先行詞在 定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?所以先行詞在定語從句中不再出現(xiàn),也不用其他詞代替,Bill is a boy who I teach him.,關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，既引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。不能省略. 關(guān)系副詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)。 1、When指時間，在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語。 He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party. 2、Where指地點(diǎn)

4、，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語。 This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago. 3、Why指原因，在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。 I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry.,1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party. 2.She wont forget the days (that )she spent on the islan

5、d. She wont forget the days when they stayed together.,關(guān)系副詞when, where和關(guān)系代詞that, which的區(qū)分。,同樣是修飾一個地點(diǎn)，有時使用where，有時使用that/which；同樣是修飾一個時間，有時使用when， 有時使用that/which。這主要看兩點(diǎn)：一：先行詞在從句中所作成分；二：是定語從句中的謂語動詞是否是一個及物動詞。,（1）This is the factory _ I visited last year. （2）This is the factory _ I worked last year. （3）

6、This is the factory _ produces all kinds of TV sets.,用關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞,where B. which C. whom D. whose 以上三個句子只有細(xì)微的差別，但答案卻不同：做這種題時，要通過還原先行詞,看先行詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?1）中是動賓關(guān)系，即I visited the factory.因此選which 2）中factory應(yīng)在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，即：I worked in the factory，因此選where。 3）中是作定語從句中的主語，即: the factory produces all kinds 不作

7、地點(diǎn)狀語，因此選which,A,B,B,(1)Hangzhou is the place _ I went last summer. 2) He read the book _ his sister had told him about. 3) The reason _ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam. 4) I remember the day _ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time. 5) Please give me the reason _ you were

8、 late this time. 6) I will go back to the place _ I grew up and live there forever.,Why/ for which,where,which/that/ x,When/on which,why,Where/in which,二.關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定,1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請體會：,This is the car _which I bought last year.,This is the car _which I paid 100$. This is the car _which I spent 1

9、00$. This is the car _which I go to work every day. This is the car _ which I cant go to work. This is the car _which the old man was knocked down This is the car _which a boy threw a stone. This is the car _which we talked . This is the car _which the window was broken,/,for,on,in,without,by,at,abo

10、ut,of,2. 根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms with which Im not familiar. 3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請體會： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,The book _ I heard was written 20 years ago. The people _ the man spoke werent listening. The film _ I fell asleep

11、 was very boring. The pen _ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum. The little creature _ scientists are interested is known as ET. The gun _ he was shot was never found.,of which,to whom,in which,with which,in which,by which,三.Whose引起從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型，即 the+ n + of +which/whom 如： e.g. The

12、y live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,四.限制和非限制性定語從句: restrictive attributive clause(無逗號) non- restrictive attributive clause(有逗號),. Xi hua who I met across in the stre

13、et a few days ago has gone abroad. Xi hua ,who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad.,五.一般說來,定語從句總是緊跟在先行詞的后面,但有時候定語從句與先行詞之間被其他成分分隔開來,這樣的句子叫分隔定語從句. There are thousands of stars in the sky that are like our sun. The days are gone when we suffered so much. Carl still remembers one a

14、fternoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the chemistry lab.,六、由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句,as可作為關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句。 such as“像一樣的”，“像之類” the sameas“和同樣的 在這兩個句型中，as是關(guān)系代詞，其中such e.g. Who is the man that is crying? 6.關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語，用 that. He doesn seem to the man (that)he was. 7.在 there be結(jié)構(gòu)中用 that There

15、 is a new type of shoes that youmight be fond of,This is the house in which Luxun once lived. in that,The Changjiang River, which is the longest river in China, runs from west to east into the sea. (that),* 介詞后面和逗號后面不用that,二.以下情況常用which而不用that,(3）先行詞是指物的that,those She found that which he looked for.

16、,(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,(1)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時,1.Anyone who breaks the law is punished. 2.Those who break the law are punished. 3.He who breaks the law is punished. 4.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.,三 在, anyone, those, he,that,you,they 作先行詞時(指人）, 用”who” 不用 “that”.,1. Which.as引導(dǎo)非限定語從句的不同： as引

17、導(dǎo)非限定語從句可以放在句首，句中，或主句后面； which引導(dǎo)非限定語從句放在主句后面 Eg:As is known to all,Taiwan belongs to China. Mary was late again ,which made the teacher angry. 2. as引導(dǎo)非限定語從句有“正如”“ 正象”之義，而 which 沒有,常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有： As we all know,as everybody can see, as is known to all, as is said above Paper, as we all know,was first made in

18、 China.,五、注意事項(xiàng),1. what不引導(dǎo)定語從句.what=all that I want to give you what I have.(賓語從句） 2. 先行詞被the same 修飾時，關(guān)系代詞既可用that, 也可用as.但意義不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同樣的”。 3. 關(guān)系副詞when/where/why其含義相當(dāng)于on which/in which/for which等可交替使用。如：The day when/on which I met him first was May 1st. 4.當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或整個句子是世界上獨(dú)一無二的名詞時，一般用非限定性定語從句修飾。 例如：The sun, which gives us light, is very big.,5. way 后面定語從句： Please pronounce the word the way she does. I admire the way in which(that) the teacher gave his lessons. 6. 含有定語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句： Was it in