樂派思英語語法復習.ppt

1、小學英語語法,名詞篇,1.概念:表示事物名稱的詞,2.形式:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,3.可數(shù)名詞-有數(shù)量上的區(qū)別, 即單數(shù)和復數(shù),4.不可數(shù)名詞-無數(shù)量上的區(qū)別， 當作單數(shù)使用,備注： a和an常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，意思是“一個”。 一般情況下，當名詞或名詞短語是以元音音素 開頭時，用an表示一個；其他用a表示一個。( ),an hour,一般,可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的變化規(guī)則：,6不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)： man-men; woman-women; fish-fish; sheep-sheep; child-children; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; person-people; m

2、ouse-mice; Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese deer-deer,寫出下列各詞的復數(shù) I _him_ it _her _ watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ peach _ milk _ man _ woman _ sandwich _,we,them,they/them,them/their,watches,children,photos,diaries,days,feet,books,d

3、resses,teeth,strawberries,sheep,boxes,thieves,peaches,milk,men,women,sandwiches,代詞篇,一、人稱代詞,1、意義：誰（ ）,2、分類：主格和賓格,3、用法：用于指代人、物或事的詞 人稱代詞的主格放在句子前面作主語 賓格放在動詞后面作賓語,我，我們，你，你們，他，她，它，他們,代詞篇,二、物主代詞,1、意義：誰的（ ）,2、分類：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,3、用法： 用于指代物品所屬的詞 形容詞性物主代詞后需加名詞，不可單獨使用 名詞性物主代詞后不加名詞，可單獨使用,我的，我們的，你的，你們的， 他的，她的，它

4、的，他們的,代詞篇,I we you you he she it they,me us you you him her it them,my our your your his her its their,mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs,用所給詞的適當形式填空。 1.That is not _ cat. That cat is very big, but _ is very small.( I ) 2.The dress is _. Give it to _.( she ) 3._ is my brother. _ name is Jack.

5、 Look! Those stamps are _ . ( he ) 4.I can find my pen, but wheres _? ( you ) 5.Show _ your new kite, OK? ( we ),my,mine,hers,her,He,His,his,yours,us,形容詞篇,1.概念:用來修飾人、物或事的詞,2.形式:原級、比較級、最高級,3.比較級：兩個（也可以是兩類）人或 事物相比較時，需使用形容 詞的比較級形式,一般,形容詞原級變比較級的變化規(guī)則：,形容詞原級變比較級的變化規(guī)則：,好：goodbetter 壞：badworse 多：manymore mu

6、chmore 少：littleless 遠：farfarther/further,備注：asas 也可使用在相比較的句子中，意思是“和 一樣”， asas中間用形容詞的原級,一、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級short _strong _ big _ small _ fat _ thin _ heavy _light _ nice _ good _ beautiful _low _slow _far _ fast _ late _early _,shorter,stronger,bigger,smaller,fatter,thinner,heavier,lighter,nicer,better,

7、more beautiful,lower,slower,farther/further,faster,later,earlier,二、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式。 1. My brother is two years _ (old) than me. 2. Tom is as _ (fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister _ (young) than you? 4. Who is _ (thin), you or Helen? 5. Mary is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 6.My eyes are _ (big) than

8、 _ (she).,older,fat,younger,thinner,tall,bigger,hers,三、翻譯句子： 1、誰比Jim年紀大？_ is _ than Jim？ 2、我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like _ .All my _ are_ than me. 3、誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？_ pencil is _, _ or _？ 4、我母親比我父親年紀小。My _ than my _. 5、多做運動，你會更強壯。 _ more exercise, youll be _ soon.,Who older,swimming,friends slower,Whose l

9、onger,his hers,Mother is younger father,Do,stronger,動詞篇,1、be動詞：,2、情態(tài)動詞：,3、助動詞：,4、行為動詞：,注：I和am固定搭配，其他單數(shù)is復數(shù)are.,am, is, are,can, may, must,注： 情態(tài)動詞后用動詞原形。 含有情態(tài)動詞的句子，變成否定句和一般 疑問句的規(guī)則和be動詞變化規(guī)則基本一致。,do, does, did,注： 助動詞幫助行為動詞構成否定句和一般疑 問句。 有助動詞的句子，行為動詞需用原形。,play, swim, run,口訣一： 句中含有be動詞，變成否定很簡單。 be后加not,意義

10、即否定。,口訣二： 句中含有be動詞，變成一般疑問句有步驟。 be動詞提前；首字母大寫； 句號變問號； 讀句子用升調； I和we變成you；my和our變成your。,口訣一： 句中含有情態(tài)動詞，變成否定很簡單。 情態(tài)動詞后加not,意義即否定。,口訣二： 句中含有情態(tài)動詞，變成一般疑問句有步驟。 情態(tài)動詞提前；首字母大寫； 句號變問號； 讀句子用升調； I和we變成you；my和our變成your.,一般現(xiàn)在時的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。 如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。 2.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。 如：I get up at six every day.我

11、天天六點起床。 3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。 如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉。,動詞及時態(tài)篇:一般現(xiàn)在時,時間,狀態(tài),動詞,一般現(xiàn)在時的構成 be動詞： 主語 + be (am, is, are) + 其它。如： I am a boy.我是一個男孩。 2. 行為動詞： 主語 + 行為動詞( 其它)。如： We study English.我們學習英語。 注: 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時，要在動詞后加“s”或“es” (規(guī)則同名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)相似) 如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。,含有be動詞的句式變化 肯：主語

12、 + be + 其他。 否：主語 + be + not + 其他。 問：Be + 主語 + 其他？ 答：Yes, 主語 be. / No, 主語 be not. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 其他？,講義共享,I am a happy student.,I am not a happy student.,Are you a happy student?,Yes, I am. / No, Im not.,Who / What are you?,He is a teacher.,He is not a teacher.,Is he a teacher?,Yes, he is. /

13、 No, he isnt.,Who / What is he? = What is his job?,含有行為動詞的句式變化： 肯: 主 + 行為動詞(s/es) + 其他。 否: 主 + dont / doesnt +行為動詞 + 其他。 問: Do / Does + 主 + 行為動詞 + 其他？ 答: Yes, 主 do/does. / No, 主 dont/doesnt. 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞 + do/does + 主 + 行為動詞 + 其他?,I go to school by bus every day.,I dont go to school by bus every day

14、.,Do you go to school by bus every day?,Yes, I do. / No, I dont.,How do you go to school every day?,When do you go to school by bus?,What do you do every day?,He likes swimming.,He doesnt like swimming.,Does he like swimming?,Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.,What does he like doing?,Who likes swimming

15、?,動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：,一、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _,drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,二、用括號內動詞的適當形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _ (be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Mondays. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunda

16、ys. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. _ your parents often _ (read) books? 7. Mrs. Wu _ (teach) us English on Sundays. 8. She and I usually _(take) a walk together.,has,are,dont watch,doesnt go,Do,like,Do,read,take,teaches,三、按照要求改寫句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) 2. I do my homework e

17、very day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) 3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答) 4. We go to school on Sundays.(改為否定句),Daniel doesnt watch TV every evening.,Do you do your homework every day? No, I dont.,Does she like milk? Yes, she does.,We dont go to school on Sundays.,現(xiàn)在進行時,現(xiàn)在進行時的功能：,現(xiàn)在進行時的構成:,1、現(xiàn)在進行時表示此時此刻正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。

18、,如：My mother is cooking in the kitchen. 我媽媽正在廚房里做飯。,2、表示即將發(fā)生的動作。,如：Look！The bus is coming.看,公交車來啦。,主 + be + 動詞ing.,夾心面包/漢堡/ Be動詞不能少！,現(xiàn)在進行時的句式變化： 肯：主 + be + 動詞ing + （其他）。 否：主 + be + not + 動詞ing + （其他）。 問：Be + 主 + 動詞ing + （其他）？ 答：Yes, 主 + be. / No, 主 + be + not. 特殊疑問句：,My mother is not reading in the

19、bedroom.,My mother is reading in the bedroom.,Is your mother reading in the bedroom?,Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.,What is your mother doing in the bedroom?,Where is your mother reading?,Who is reading in the bedroom?,動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（動詞后加ing）變化規(guī)則：,一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞： run _ swim _ make _ begin _ write _ shop _ go

20、_ skip _put _ have _ sing_ dance _ see _ live _ take _ come _get _ sit _,running,swimming,making,beginning,writing,shopping,going,skipping,putting,having,singing,dancing,seeing,living,taking,coming,getting,sitting,二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空： 1.The boy _ (draw) a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ (sing) in t

21、he classroom 3. My mother _ (cook) some nice foodnow. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look! They _(have) an English lesson .,is drawing,are singing,is cooking,are doing,are having,三、句型轉換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)_2The students are doing their homework. ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定回答)_,Are they doi

22、ng housework?,They are not doing housework.,Are the students doing their homework?,Yes, they are.,一般將來時,一般將來時的功能,如：I will play football this weekend. 我這個周末要去踢足球。,2.表示打算、計劃或預備做某事。,如：I am going to play football this weekend. 我打算這個周末踢足球。,1.表示將要發(fā)生的事情。,一般將來時的結構,主 + be going to / will + 動詞原形 + 其他。,一般將來時的句

23、式變化 肯:主 + be going to+ 動詞原形 + 其他。 主 + will + 動詞原形 + 其他。 否:主 + be not going to t 動詞原形 + 其他。 主 + will not/wont + 動詞原形 + 其他。,I am going to play football tomorrow.,I will play football tomorrow.,I am not going to play football tomorrow.,I will not/wont play football tomorrow.,一般將來時的句式變化 問:Be + 主 + going

24、 to+ 動詞原形 + 其他。 Will + 主 + 動詞原形 + 其他? 答:Yes, 主 be. / No, 主 be not. Yes, 主 will. / No, 主 will not/wont.,Are you going to play football tomorrow?,Will you play football tomorrow?,Yes, I am. / No, Im not.,Yes, I will. / No, I wont.,一般將來時的句式變化 特殊疑問句： I am going to play football tomorrow. I will play foo

25、tball tomorrow. When are you going to play football? When will you play football?,I am going to play football tomorrow.,What are you going to do tomorrow?,I will play football tomorrow.,What will you do tomorrow?,練習：填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends tomorrow. I _ have a picnic

26、with my friends tomorrow. 2.下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. 3. 你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你們打算什么時候見面。What time _ you _ _ meet?,am going to,will,are you going to do,am going to,Is goi

27、ng to weekend,is,is going to,are going to,用所給詞的適當形式填空。 1.Tomorrow is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic in the afternoon. 2.My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week. 3.Tom often _ (go) to school on foot. But today is rainy. He _ (go) to school by bike. 4.Mary usually _ (watch) TV on Sunday morning. But

28、 this Sunday, she _ (not watch) TV. Look, she _ (make) a cake now.,are going to have,is going to (go),goes,is going to (go),watches,isnt going to watch,is making,一般過去時,一般過去時的功能,如：I played football last weekend. 上周末我去踢足球了。,2.表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作。,如：I was very fat five years ago. 五年前我非常胖。,1.表示過去某個時間存在的狀態(tài)。,一般

29、過去時的結構,主 + 動詞過去式( ) + 其他。,be動詞、行為動詞、情態(tài)動詞,一般過去時的句式變化： 肯：主 + be（was/were） + 其他。 否：主 + be (was/were) + not 其他。 問：Be (was/were) + 主 + 其他 ？ 答：Yes, 主 + be. / No, 主 + be + not. 特殊疑問句：,I was not/wasnt very fat five years ago.,I was very fat five years ago.,Were you very fat five years ago?,Yes, I was. / No,

30、 I wasnt.,When were you very fat?,How were you five years ago?,一般過去時的句式變化： 肯：主 + 動詞過去式 + 其他。 否：主 + didnt + 動詞原形 + 其他。 問：Did + 主 + 動詞原形 + 其他？ 答：Yes, 主 + did. / No, 主 + didnt. 特殊疑問句：,I didnt play football last weekend.,I played football last weekend.,Did you play football last weekend?,Yes, she did. /

31、 No, she didnt.,When did you play football?,What did you do last weekend?,動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：,常用不規(guī)則動詞過去式： am、is- , are- , do- , see- , say- , give- , get- ， go- , come- , have- , eat- ， take- , run- , sing- , put- , make- , read- , write- , draw- , drink- , swim- , sit- ， ride- , hit-,was,were,did,saw,said,g

32、ave,got,went,came,had,ate,took,ran,sang,put,made,read,wrote,drew,drank,swam,sat,rode,hit,用動詞的適當形式填空 It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday. We all _ (have) a good time last night. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. Helen _ (milk) a cow last Friday. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read) 6. _ they _ (sweep) the floor every Sundays? No, they _. 7. He _ (watch) a cartoon on Sunday evenings.,was,ha