高考英語大一輪復習（應試基礎必備+考法突破）專題19 主旨大意課件

1、第3部分 閱讀理解,專題19 主旨大意,目 錄,題型應考技巧,題型考法解析,題型應考技巧,技巧1 速讀文章，明確主題 技巧2 瞻首顧尾，定位中心句 技巧3 轉(zhuǎn)義概括，或取其一,技巧1 速讀文章，明確主題,技巧1 速讀文章，明確主題,技巧1 速讀文章，明確主題,例,lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in america. about 160，440 americans die each year from it. more than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to

2、 the lung cancer organization.,本段的語篇結構為：點出主題圍繞主題展開陳述、論證或說明。本段主題句為：lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in america.,技巧2 瞻首顧尾，定位中心句,例,smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. besides the most serious and terrible cancer, cigarette smokin

3、g can also cause other health problems. for example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. is it worth it?,【解析】該段首先提出主題smoking cigarettes is h

4、armful to your health.然后展開論述，最后用smoking is harmful進一步呼應主題句(吸煙對身體有害)。故選d項。,d,what is the passage mainly about? a. ways of experimenting on smoking. b. information about smoking. c. smoking resulting in cancer. d. side effects of smoking.,技巧3 轉(zhuǎn)義概括，或取其一,例,on the satellite designed by dana, there is a r

5、adar system that would scan for and find a piece of space junk. then, thrusters (推進器) would change the satellites orbit so that it could chase down the object. as the satellite got close to the junk, cameras would keep it on target. at the last minute, a door that leads to a bulletproof (防彈的)contain

6、er would open, and then get the junk swallowed. finally when the trash container was full, it would be lowered toward earth on a kilometers-long cable and its contents released into the upper atmosphere, where the space junk would harmlessly burn up.,【解析】文章首句陳述了衛(wèi)星的設計，衛(wèi)星的雷達系統(tǒng)，接下來描述了推動器的工作情況，最后說明了垃圾容器

7、的運行情況。根據(jù)對全文的分析、概括可知，文章主要告訴我們衛(wèi)星是怎 樣運行的，故選c項。,c,what is this passage mainly about? a. how space trash could be used. b. how dana designed her satellite. c. how the satellite would work. d. how the satellite would be created.,600分考點 真題例解,passage 1 passage 2,體裁：議論文 主題：沉默的含義及治療價值 詞數(shù)：325 建議用時：8 the meanin

8、g of silence varies among cultural groups. silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. a silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may

9、 be made to fill every gap (間隙) with conversation. persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. many native americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional chinese and thai perso

10、ns do. therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. in these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.,從篇章的角度看，第一段開篇點題，引出了文章要說明的話題沉默在不同的文化群體里代表的意義

11、也不相同。從段落的角度看，該段的首尾呼應，告訴我們沉默具有文化特性，首尾兩句也是解答本文第1題的關鍵信息。 第二、三段具體介紹了不同文化背景下沉默的含義：第二段告訴我們，在美洲原住民、傳統(tǒng)的中國人和泰國人的文化中，沉默是仔細思考的表現(xiàn)； 第二段最后一句點明了本段的主題：沉默是呼吁對方作出反應。,passage 1,語篇線索,課標全國 2016d ,other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of pe

12、ople with different amounts of power. for example, russian, french, and spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. however, mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arg

13、uing with him or her. in still another use, persons in asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients

14、may be experiencing. nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. a nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care o

15、f patients from their own and from other cultures.,第三段第一句為本段的主題句：其他文化可能會以其他方式使用沉默。 第四段就護士和其他護理工作者如何充分利用不同文化背景下沉默所代表的意義更好地開展好自己的工作提出了建議。該段是解答第3題的信息所在。,語篇線索,1.what does the author say about silence in conversations? a.it implies anger. b.it promotes friendship. c.it is culture-specific. d.it is conten

16、t-based. 2.which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? a.the chinese. b.the french. c.the mexicans. d.the russians.,【語篇導讀】本文主要介紹了在不同文化背景下沉默的不同內(nèi)涵。 1.c【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句the meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.以及最后兩句silence may be viewed by some cultur

17、al groups as extremely uncomfortable persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary 可知,沉默是因文化而異的。故選項。 2.a 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句many native americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional chinese and thai persons do.以及最

18、后一句in these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.可知，許多美洲原住民和傳統(tǒng)的中國人、泰國人一樣，認為人們沉默是想呼吁仔細思考。故選a項。,3.what does the author advise nurses to do about silence? a.let it continue as the patient pleases. b.break it while treating patients. c.evaluate its harm to patients. d.make use of its healing effec

19、ts. 4.what may be the best title for the text? a.sound and silence b.what it means to be silent c.silence to native americans d.speech is silver; silence is gold,3.d 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句話可知，作者建議護士要理解沉默的治療價值，然后利用這種理解輔助護理病人。故選d項。 4.b【解析】主旨大意題。 縱觀全文可以看出，作者向我們介紹了不同的文化背景下沉默的意義，并提出要在現(xiàn)實生活(比如護理工作)中運用沉默來提升工

20、作效果。故選b項。,體裁：說明文 主題：家居環(huán)境與飲食 詞數(shù)：325 建議用時：6 your house may have an effect on your figure. experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. here are some ways to turn your ho

21、me into part of your diet plan. open the curtains and turn up the lights. dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious (難為情) when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food. if your home doesnt have enough window light, ge

22、t more lamps and flood the place with brightness. mind the colors. research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. in one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold col

23、ors make us feel less hungry. so when its time to repaint, go blue.,第一段首句為本文的主題句：你的房子可能會影響你的身材。 第一段最后一句承上啟下，點明了本文的說明對象：如何使你的房子成為你的飲食計劃的一部分。 第二段第一句為本段的主題句：拉開窗簾，打開燈。 第三段第一句為本段的主題句：留意顏色，暖色會使我們的胃口大開。,passage 2,語篇線索,課標全國 2015b,dont forget the clockor the radio. people who eat slowly tend to consume about

24、 70 fewer calories (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. and while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. if you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. it makes you less likely to rush t

25、hrough a meal. downsize the dishes. big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. we eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. when we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (攝入) jumps by 14 percent. and well pour about 30 percent more liq

26、uid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.,第四段第一句為本段的主題句：不要忘記鐘表或收音機。 第五段第一句為本段的主題句：縮小盤子的尺寸。,語篇線索,1.the text is especially helpful for those who care about_. a.their home comforts b. their body shape c.house buying d.healthy diets 2.a home environment in blue can help people_. a.digest f

27、ood better b.reduce food intake c.burn more calories d.regain their appetites,【語篇導讀】本文向我們介紹了家居環(huán)境對我們飲食的影響，然后給出了如何通過改變房間光線、墻壁的顏色、餐具的大小等來控制飲食，從而保持身材的建議。 1.b【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句your house may have an effect on your figure.（你的房子可能會對你的身材有影響。）和第二句 the way you design your home could play a role in whether y

28、ou pack on the pounds or keep them off.（你設計房子的方式對你是增肥還是減肥會起作用。）可以推斷文章對那些在乎身材的人尤其有幫助，故選b項。 2.b【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句in one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在藍色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人要比在黃色或紅色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人少吃33% 的食物，故選b項。,3.what are people advised to d

29、o at mealtimes? a.eat quickly. b.play fast music. c.use smaller spoons. d.turn down the lights. 4.what can be a suitable title for the text? a.is your house making you fat? b.ways of serving dinner c.effects of self-consciousness d.is your home environment relaxing?,3.c【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第四句when we cho

30、ose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake jumps by 14 percent. 可知，當我們用大湯匙的時候，攝入的總量要比使用小湯匙多14%，所以作者建議我們要想保持身材，就應該用較小的湯匙，故選c項。 4.a【解析】主旨大意題。文章開篇點題your house may have an effect on your figure.然后從專家的角度進一步說明the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep

31、them off，并給那些想減肥的人士提了一些房間布置的建議，故選a項。,700分考法 完美應對,考法1 概括文章標題 考法2 概括文章主旨 考法3 歸納段落大意,題型考法解析,考法1 概括文章標題,例,課標全國2016c ,reading can be a social activity. think of the people who belong to book groups. they choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. now, the website bookc turns the page on the trad

32、itional idea of a book group. members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. bookcrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with

33、 each new reader who finds it. bruce pederson, the managing director of bookcrossing, says, “the two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. bookcrossing combines both.” bookcrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtu

34、al(虛擬).the site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.,【解析】主旨大意題。由第三段中的“the two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. bookcrossing combines both.”可知，bookc能使人們通過傳遞書而產(chǎn)生交集，這一過程把改變?nèi)松钪匾膬蓸訓|西(遇到的人和閱讀的書) 聯(lián)系在一起。d項的標題能夠涵蓋文章的中心

35、思想。故選d項。,d,32.what is the best title for the text？ a.online reading: a virtual tour b.electronic books: a new trend c.a book group brings tradition back d.a website links people through books,考法2 概括文章主旨,例,課標全國 2013a,some people will do just about anything to save money. and i am one of them. take my

36、 familys last vacation. it was my six-year-old sons winter break from school，and we were heading home from fort lauderdale after a weeklong trip. the flight was overbooked, and delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. i had meetings in ne

37、w york, so i had to get back. but that didnt mean my husband and my son couldnt stay. i took my nine-month-old and took off for home. the next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. yes, i encouragedokay, orderedthem to wait it out at the airport to “earn” mo

38、re delta dollars. our total take:$1,600.not bad, huh? now some people may think im a bad mother and not such a great wife either. but as a big-time bargain hunter, i know the value of a dollar. and these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up. ive made a living looking for th

39、e best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks and i really do what i believe in.,例,課標全國 2013a,i tell you this because there is no shame in getting your moneys worth. im also tight-fisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. but i wouldnt hesitate to spend on a good haircut. it ke