王菲 非謂語動詞講解.ppt

1、,非謂語動詞,說課人：王菲,The Non-predicative Verbs,非謂語動詞，是高二模塊五的重要語法知識點，是一個系統(tǒng)性，綜合性很強的語言點。是高考的必考點,每年高考在單項選擇題中會考到一到兩題（占高考單選比1/152/15),要求學生具備一定的理解能力和句子分析能力，扎實而豐富的動詞知識,基本情況：高二學生，性格外向，英語基礎(chǔ)較差 學習優(yōu)點：接受能力較好（所以對于此知識點理解上接受非常容易） 學習缺點：對英語不感興趣，不愛讀背，英語詞匯缺乏。在學非謂語動詞時最大的障礙就是句子成分的分析 針對方案：系統(tǒng)傳授，反復強調(diào)，因材施教，投其所需,學情分析,教學目標,知識目標：掌握非謂語動

2、詞的相關(guān)知識 能力目標：綜合靈活運用與答題 情感目標：提高英語學習熱情,1.復習非謂動詞的形式及引伸，非謂語動詞句法功能 3非謂語動詞作狀語 4習題鞏固 5學生主觀總結(jié)，習題客觀反饋，教師二合一反思,課程安排,非 謂 語 動 詞,Ing形式,不定式,過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,動名詞,ing的結(jié)構(gòu),動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu),種類與作用,作主語,1不定式作主語： 1) change the following into the infinitive 1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing. 2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleas

3、ure. 3. _( help ) others is our duty. 4. _( see ) is to believe. 5. _(sit) at the back of the classroom made the students surprised. 2) change the sentences above into the ones using “it” as form subject.,3) A: 如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個由 for 引起的短語。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be

4、a mistake for us to help you.,B: 下列形容詞作表語時，不定式前常加一個 of 引起的短語，這些形容詞是： (表評價性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性）kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite, naughty etc. Its kind of you to think so much of us. Its unwise of him to leave home at once. It s wrong

5、of him to speak bad behind others. Its wrong of the south to break away from the Union.,ing作主語 A) 1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing. 2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 3. _( help ) others is our duty. 4. _( see ) is believing. 5. _( sit ) at the back of the classroom made the studen

6、ts surprised.,It作形式主語時，可用動詞不定式，但下列句型常用 動名詞： It is + no good (no use, fun, a waste of time) +doing There is no + doing. 如： 1. Its no use _( sit ) here waiting. 2. There is no _( say )what will happen next. 3. Is it any good _( tell ) him the truth? 4. It is great fun _ (play) golf.,不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別： 不定式

7、作主語時經(jīng)常表示具體動作， 動名詞作主語時經(jīng)常表示抽象動作： Its no good eating too much fat. Its not good for you to eat so much fat.,動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是： 作主語時，用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞； 作賓語時，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。 Toms (His) coming is what we have expected. Is there any hope of our team winning the match She didnt mind Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming h

8、ere.,作表語,1.ing作表語 1. Her work is _( look ) after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University. 3. One of my bad habits is _(bite ) nails. 動名詞作表語與主語是對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語常是無生命名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。,2.ing(分詞)作表語時：. The news is encouraging. （表主語的性質(zhì)，特征） The glass is broken. (表主語所在的狀態(tài)） The glass was br

9、oken by Tom. （被動語態(tài)） 3. The situation is _( encourage). 4. The library is _ (close) now. 5. If you are badly _ (hurt), you shouldnt try to stand up,3.不定式作表語 1. Her work is _( look ) after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingHua University. 3. She seemed _( think ) about the problem. 4. They ap

10、peared _( agree ) with what we said. 不定式作be動詞的表語時可以和主語部分調(diào)換， 說明主語的內(nèi)容。,C,該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌o pay sb. by the hour” 計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,作賓語,1不定式作賓語： A 有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語。常見的動詞有： want, demand, hope, wish, expect; like, hate; start, begin; fail, help, offer, try, manage, pre

11、tend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, intend, etc. 1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? 2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor. 4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5. He

12、had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.,如作賓語的不定式有自己的補語，須用先行詞 it作 形式賓語，而將真正的賓語不定式后置。 think, find, feel, consider, make He found it important to study Russian. The computer makes it possible to calculate faster.,不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如 ：but, except，besides等后才行，此時不定式可帶 to 或不帶 to。 He seldom comes except to l

13、ook at my pictures. We have no choice but to wait outside. They could do nothing but ask for help. cannot choose but, cannot help but, cannot but,B,因為主語是the purpose，在（purpose, wish, promise, plan）后常跟不定式，古表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成the purpose is tonot todo,該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。,tell, discuss, know, show, lea

14、rn, decide, wonder, explain,2動名詞作賓語 A mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape, consider, admit，advise, appreciate=enjoy, avoid, finish, face, practise, suggest, stop, delay, imagine, include, keep, quit, resist, risk, understand, 以及介詞后接動名詞doing give up, insist on, look forward to, it is (no )good (use, ha

15、rm), object to，get down to, devote oneself to, spenddoing, prevent(from), wastedoing, have (no) difficulty (in) doing, stick to, keepfrom, stopfrom,動名詞與不定式作賓語的不同含義： 1) be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、膽怯去做某事 be afraid of doing 擔心、恐怕出現(xiàn) She was afraid _( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper. She was afra

16、id _( wake ) her husband, for he was ill.,2) forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘記做過了某事（已做） The light in the office is off. It was she who turned it off, but she herself forgot _( turn ) it off. The light in the office is still on. She forgot _(turn )it off.,3) remember to do sth.記著去做某事（

17、未做 remember doing sth.記著做了某事（已做） Do you remember _(meet) me at a party last year? You must remember _( leave) tomorrow. 4) regret to do sth. 遺憾地說/告訴 regret doing sth. 后悔做了 I regret _( go ) to his home town. I regret _( tell ) you the truth,5) stop to do sth. Go on to do sth stop doing sth. Go on doi

18、ng sth 6) try to do sth. try doing sth. You must try _( do ) it again. Lets try _( do ) the work in some other way. 7) mean to do sth. mean doing sth. If it means _( delay ) more than a week, Ill not wait. I mean _( go ), and nothing can stop me.,8) cant help doing sth. 情不自禁，不禁 cant help (to) do sth

19、. 不能幫忙做 9） permit / allow / advise + doing sth. + sb. to do sth. 10） start / begin / continue / like / love / hate + to do sth + doing sth.,：start, begin可接不定式可接動名詞，意義相等。但下列情況只可接不定式. 1.主語是人不是物; 2.本身是進行時; 3.其后的動詞是表示心理狀況的詞. understand, realize, know, see etc. 1.The ice began to melt when the sun comes

20、out . 2.I was beginning to be angry. 3.I began to understand what he said .,注意,11） S. + want / need / require doing = S. + want / need / require to be done 12）S. + is worth + doing 動名詞在句中是主動的形式，但含有被動的意思。,主動表被動,作賓補,1.不定式作賓補 可接不定式做賓補的詞： permit, request, allow, command, tell, invite, cause, encourage,

21、warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach.,注意 讓 sb do sth. watch, hear, observe, notice, see + sb. + 動詞原形 feel, listen (to), make, let, have(使), + sth. + done Notice: 1. let + sth. + be done 2. 如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)，就必須帶to,2.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作賓語補足語的區(qū)別： Whomflns +sb do (經(jīng)常性動作) +sb doing sth.（正在進行） +sth done（被動）

22、 1.I used to see these boys _( play ) on the playground. 2. I saw them _( play ) the computer this afternoon. 3. Have you _( heard ) this song _( sing ) before?,該題考查過去分詞作賓語補足語的用法。The plan 與carry out 的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。see sth.done 這結(jié)構(gòu)常見的還有watch(notice,observe,have 和make)sth. done.,C,作定語,不定式作定語的幾種情況,1. 表示將來 Th

23、e car to be bought is for sister. 2. 用來修飾抽象名詞時用不定式ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time I have no chance to go sightseeing. I have the ability to write in English.,3. 用來修飾被序數(shù)詞，最高級，no, all , any 等限定的詞修飾時 （不定式與所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系） Hes alw

24、ays the first (one) to come to school . There is no one to look after her . He is the best man to do the job,3.with 復合結(jié)構(gòu) 做定語， 狀語,- ing - ed - adv. With + n _ adj - to do - to be done,和名詞的關(guān)系為主動,和名詞的關(guān)系為被動,表狀態(tài),表狀態(tài),表將來的主動,表將來的被動,1.He sits here, with his feet pointing to the others . 2.He sits here, with

25、 his hands tied to the chair. 3.The boy is playing out side, with his face red . 4.The boy stays at home , with his mother out . 5. The teacher walks into the classroom, with a book in his hand 6. He went home , with his homework to be done .,n +,-ing -ed -to do -to be done being done,主動和進行,被動和過去,將來

26、的主動,將來的被動,正在進行的被動,作定語放在名詞的前面,-ing 表進行 -ed 表完成 falling leaves fallen leaves boiling water boiled water a developing country a developed country 單個分詞做定語放在修飾詞的前面: a burning stick a fallen leaf 短語做定語放在后面: The girl standing by the door. The book written by LuXun.,下列少數(shù)短語為慣用語，為固定形式。(獨立成分）,judging from , ge

27、nerally speaking , honestly speaking , strictly speaking , talking of , speaking of .,1. Judging from his accent, he is from the south. 2. Considering your health, you had better a test. 3. Generally speaking, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.,A,過去 分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動作以完成

28、。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。 不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。 所以A是正確的。first played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.,作狀語,1.不定式作狀語 目的狀語 To study English well , we must practise everyday.,結(jié)果狀語 He hurried to school, only to find he had left his books.,原因狀語 We all jumped to hear of his success.,不定式的否定式，否定詞not 或never, seldom, hardly要放在 to的前面。 she checked the names so as not to make mistakes.,目的狀語可用in order to 或so as to來表示 結(jié)果狀語還可 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等結(jié)構(gòu)來表示,This question is difficult _ (answer). Do