【高分突破】廣東省中考英語 語法精講精煉 第10講 非謂語動詞

1、語法精講精煉,第十講 非謂語動詞,廣州中考高分突破,考點1.動詞不定式 1.動詞不定式的形式及特點 動詞不定式一般由不定式符號“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,有的不定式不帶to。不定式的否定形式是“not to(do)”。如： He asked me to play chess with him.他讓我和他一起下棋。(帶to) I saw a boy go across the road just now.我看見有個男孩剛才過了馬路。(不帶to) The teacher told me not to be late again.老師告訴我不要再遲到。(否定形式),2.動詞不定式的用法 動詞不定式在句子

2、中不能作謂語,但可以用作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語和同位語。雖然不作謂語,但它可以有自己的賓語或狀語。 (1)不定式作賓語 不定式作賓語的情況比較多,但是一般情況下,不定式只作部分動詞的賓語。經(jīng)常接不定式作賓語(即動詞+to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu))的動詞有： begin(開始) care(愿意) ask(要求) hope(希望) learn(學(xué)會) expect(期望) want(想要) wish(希望),forget(忘記) like(喜歡) decide(決定) try(嘗試) continue(繼續(xù)) prefer(比較喜歡) pretend(假裝)等。 如：I hope t

3、o see the famous scientist.(to see做hope的賓語) 我希望看見那位著名的科學(xué)家。 不定式也可以用來作某些形容詞的賓語。常見的這類形容詞有：ready(準(zhǔn)備好),anxious(急于),able(能夠),sure(一定),glad(高興),sorry(難過),afraid(害怕),pleased(高興),willing(愿意)等。如：Im glad to meet you.(to meet做glad的賓語)見到你很高興。,不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語。例如： when to do(什么時候做)； how to do(怎樣做)； what to do(做什么)； w

4、hy to do(為什么做)； where to do(在哪兒做)； which to do(做哪一個)等等。如： I dont know what to buy for my mother.(what to buy做know的賓語) 我不知道給媽媽買什么。,(2)不定式用作賓語補足語 不定式用作賓語補足語,也是在一些特定的動詞之后。常接“賓語+賓補”(即動詞+sb.+to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu))的動詞有：ask(請),force(強迫),allow(允許),expect(期望,盼望),invite(邀請),want(要),tell(告訴),advise(建議),help(幫助),persuad

5、e(說服),permit(準(zhǔn)許)等。如： Joan asked Mary to speak first.(Mary在句中作賓語,to speak補充說明Mary要做的事) 瓊請瑪麗先說。,(3)不定式作狀語和定語 不定式作狀語,修飾動詞,用于表示行為的目的、結(jié)果或原因等,一般放在動詞后面。如： We ran over to welcome the new friends from the USA.(to welcome作目的狀語) 我們跑過去歡迎來自美國的新朋友。 不定式作定語,放在它所修飾的名詞后面,不定式和它所修飾的名詞有“動賓關(guān)系”。如： The teacher assigned us

6、two exercises to do at home.(to do作定語修飾exercise) 老師給我們留了兩道在家做的練習(xí)。,(4)不定式作主語(可用it來作形式主語,將真正主語置后) To learn maths is very important.=It is very important to learn maths.學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)很重要。 3.省to的不定式 使役動詞和感官動詞,后帶賓語,再接不定式作賓補時,主動語態(tài)時不定式要省to,被動語態(tài)時要補to。?？嫉挠校?make sb.do sth.使某人做某事 let sb.do sth.讓某人做某事 have sb.do sth.使某人做

7、某事,watch sb.do (doing) sth.注視某人(正在)做某事 notice sb.do (doing) sth.注意某人(正在)做某事 see sb.do (doing) sth.看見某人(正在)做某事 hear sb.do(doing) sth.聽見某人(正在)做某事 如：I often see him run on the road.(省略to) 我經(jīng)?？匆娝隈R路上跑步。 4.不帶to的常用句型 Why dont you do sth.?為什么不做某事？ Why not do sth.?為什么不做某事？ Would (Could) you please do sth.？請

8、你做某事，好嗎？,考點2.動名詞 1.動名詞的基本形式和性質(zhì) (1)動名詞是由“動詞原形加ing”構(gòu)成,形式與動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞相同。如： No smoking here.這里禁止吸煙。 (2)動名詞兼有動詞和名詞的性質(zhì)。動詞的性質(zhì)是可以帶賓語和狀語,組成動名詞短語；名詞的性質(zhì)是在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、介詞賓語。如： She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜歡集郵。(作賓語),Traveling abroad can be very exciting. 出國旅行會是很激動人心的。(作主語) The main thing is getting there in

9、 time. 首要的事是及時到達那里。(作表語) 2.常見的可接動名詞的動詞短語有： insist on(堅持) think of(想到) dream of(夢想) object to(反對) hear of(聽說) look forward to(期望) feel like(想要) devote.to(致力于),get/be used to(習(xí)慣于) be fond of(喜歡) be afraid of(害怕) be tired of(厭煩) succeed in(成功) stop.from(阻止做) keep.from(阻止) prevent.from(阻止做) depend on(依靠

10、) spend.in(在花費) be interested in(對感興趣) be proud of(以為驕傲/自豪),語法選擇(非謂語動詞),Three small fish lived in the sea.When they were very young,their parents died.They had _each other day after day.Finally,they grew up and dared_deeper and further. One morning，the three fish were taken to a shallow (淺) water by

11、 a big wave (浪).A small boat was taken there,too.It was hard for the fish_back the sea because the boat was fight in front of them.The largest fish,1,2,3,realized that they were in danger and said they had to find a way_there as fast as possible.The second largest fish agreed_back to the sea with hi

12、s elder brother,but the youngest one did not.He said that there was much water for their activities,so he would not_at all and still swam around happily.At last,the largest fish returned to the sea by_over the lowest part of the boat.The second largest fish also succeeded in_his elder brother in the

13、 other side of water.But the youngest one didnt _them and still swam joyfully.,4,5,6,7,8,9,Two hours later,when the sun rose up,the water in the small shallow corner dried up.The fish who did not try_to the sea died of lack (缺乏)of water. ( )1.A.look after B.to look after C.looking after D.to looking after ( )2.A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.to swimming ( )3.A.go B.going C.went D.to go ( )4.A.leave B.left C.to leave D.leaving,B,B,D,C,10,( )5.A.go B.to go C.going D.to going ( )6.A.worry B.worrying C.to worry D.