初中語法_現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件

1、語法課堂,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),下一頁,主菜單,同學(xué)們好！今天我們介紹的英語語法知識(shí)是時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是中考考綱要求的五種基本時(shí)態(tài)之一，要求同學(xué)們必須掌握并熟練運(yùn)用。這種時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞變化，基本用法，時(shí)間狀語，特殊結(jié)構(gòu)等要點(diǎn)與其他四種時(shí)態(tài)相比要有一定的難度，希望同學(xué)們重視并且能夠從下面的介紹中獲得幫助。,present(now現(xiàn)在),future,過去past,do my homework,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語,短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,have been 與have gone 比較,與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較,現(xiàn)

2、在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,have (has）+ 過去分詞,過去分詞的構(gòu)成,上一頁,下一頁,AAA,主菜單,ABB,ABC,ABC,寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式及過去分詞。 1 leave -_-_ 2 catch-_-_ 3 tell-_-_ 4 stand-_-_ 5 get-_-_ 6 hurt-_-_ 7 put-_-_ 8 come-_-_ 9 run-_-_ 10 begin-_-_ 11 swim-_-_ 12 draw-_-_ 13 know-_-_ 14 do-_-_ 15 go-_-_,16 give-_-_ 17 see-_-_ 18 drive-_-_ 19 ta

3、ke-_-_ 20 be-_-_ 21 eat-_-_ 22 write-_-_ 23 speak-_-_ 24 steal-_-_ 25 tear-_-_,left left,caught caught,told told,stood stood,got got,hurt hurt,put put,came come,ran run,began begun,swam swum,drew drawn,knew known,did done,went gone,gave given,saw seen,drove driven,took taken,was,were been,ate eaten,

4、wrote written,spoke spoken,stole stolen,tore torn,Please remember them.,Homework:,抄寫動(dòng)詞以及過去式和過去分詞。 1.be- e 3.go- 4.do 5.have- 6.drink 7.give- 8. eat 9.know- 10.make 11.run- 12.say 13.see- 14.find 15.draw- 16.get 17.hear- 18.begin 19.buy- 20.leave,was/were -been,came-come,went-gone,did-done,had-had,dr

5、ank-drunk,gave-given,ate-eaten,knew-known,made-made,ran-run,said-said,saw-seen,found-found,drew-drawn,got-got,heard-heard,began-begun,bought-bought,left-left,寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式及過去分詞 1 become_-_ 2 break_-_ 3 bring _-_ 4 build_-_ 5 bite_-_ 6 catch_-_ 7 choose_-_ 8 cut_-_ 9 fall_-_ 10 fly_-_ 11 forget_-_ 12 gr

6、ow_-_,13 hit_-_ 14 hurt_-_ 15 keep_-_ 16 lend_-_ 17 lose_-_ 18 meet_-_ 19 put_-_ 20read_-_ 21 ring_-_,became become,broke broken,brought brought,built built,bit bit,caught caught,chose chosen,cut cut,fell fallen,flew flown,forgot forgotten,grew grown,hit hit,hurt hurt,kept kept,lent lent,lost lost,m

7、et met,put put,read read,rang rung,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：,肯定式：主語 + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞. 疑問式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞? 否定式: 主語 + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + not + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.,例句：,1. I have cleaned my room. 我已打掃了房間。 2. He hasnt finished his homework. 他還沒完成作業(yè)。 3.Have you read this novel ? 你看過這本小說嗎？ Yes , I have. 是的，看過了。No, I

8、havent. 不，沒看過。 4. We have studied English for two years. 我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了兩年英語了。 5. They havent seen each other since 1998. 自從1998年他們就沒再見過面。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,上一頁,下一頁,- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),- Are you free? -I have finished my homework. I am free (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果

9、是很有空),主菜單,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,上一頁,下一頁,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。 (從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí) (半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,主菜單,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),可以和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用.表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞應(yīng)是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.常與since + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for +

10、 一段時(shí)間，so far 等時(shí)間狀語連用。,3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.,上一頁,下一頁,I have ever been to the Summer Palace? (我曾去過頤和園),I have never had a car. (我從未有過汽車。),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,主菜單,3表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語,常與already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now,

11、so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 連用,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問句。,He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語氣） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。 Have you written to your parents y

12、et? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？,b） never 是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever 表示“曾經(jīng)”,We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來沒有去過長城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？,c） just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過去分詞之間）,He has just come back. 他剛剛回來。 They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。,d） befo

13、re 用于完成時(shí)，而ago 用于過去時(shí),He has started his work ten years before. 他十年前就已經(jīng)開始他的工作了。 He started his work ten years ago. 他是十年前開始他的工作的。,常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞,介詞: already (已經(jīng)): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter . yet(已經(jīng)): 用于否定句,疑問句 He hasnt done his homework yet. just(剛剛) They have just left. ever(曾經(jīng)) Have you ev

14、er been to Beijing ? never(從不) I have never seen him . before(以前) Have you seen the film before? since(自從以來) Ive worked in the school since 1999. for(長達(dá)) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years. in the past several days / weeks/ years(在過去的) recently(最近) I have not written to my parents recently. so far(到目

15、前為止) So far she has learned 5 English songs. up to now(到目前為止) this morning/month/year(今天早上/這個(gè)月/今年),Mother: John, clean your teeth please.,John: Mum, I have already(已經(jīng)) cleaned them.,comb your hair - have combed it wash your hands - have washed them study for English test - have studied for it tell m

16、e the truth -have told you everything visit your grandpa - have visited him listen to the English tape - have listened to it,Mother: John, clean your teeth please.,John: Mum, I have already cleaned them.,Father: Tell your sister to buy some milk, John.,John: Oh, she has just(剛剛) bought some.,Father:

17、 Tell your sister to buy some milk, John.,John: Oh, she has just bought some.,carry some water for the old man -has carried some boil some water - has boiled some make some coffee - has made some call Mr. Smith - has called him mend the shirt - has mended it dry her hair -has dried hers,短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系

18、,短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。,上一頁,下一頁,為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 來代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。,主菜單,become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leav

19、e be away ( from),下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。 如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個(gè)小時(shí)。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單, 翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,T

20、he old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock.,I have l

21、eft hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去過南京嗎？ You have neve

22、r been there, have you? 你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空： 1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon. 2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice. 3. H

23、ere you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London. 4. David _ Australia. Im sure hes already arrived. 5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.,has gone to,Have been to,have been to,have been,have been to,has gone to,has gone to,與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的

24、不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。,上一頁,下一頁, 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一

25、本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。,第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說明。,主菜單,二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過去時(shí):,上一頁,下一頁,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自以來)+某一過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.,主菜單,三常與一般

26、過去時(shí)連用的典型的 表示過去時(shí)間的狀語:,上一頁,下一頁,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時(shí)間+ ago, last +時(shí)間 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,主菜單,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí),主菜單,動(dòng) 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it a

27、n hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go)

28、 there? She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,選用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a

29、 long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,用Have been to, have go

30、ne to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is

31、looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,改 錯(cuò) 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangz

32、hou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 2. -_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ t