Grammar 直間接引語.ppt

1、Grammar,Direct 一是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述, 這叫間接引語， (Indirect speech)，間接引語不用引號(hào)。,I am a beautiful girl.,She said that she was a beautiful girl.,What did the girl say?,4類別：,類別1:直接引語為祈使句 類別2:直接引語為陳述句 類別3:直接引語為特殊疑問句 類別4:直接引語為一般疑問句,陳述句 用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞可直接用引語中的said, 也可用told來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb. th

2、at, told sb. that，不可直接說told that,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,said,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,Sarah,He said, “I have been to Japan.” He said to us that he had been to Japan. She said, “Ill give you an exam

3、tomorrow.” She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow.,間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動(dòng)詞said要改為asked (me/him/us等)，語序是陳述句的語序。,一般疑問句,Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the cond

4、ition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?” Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with English. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested

5、 in English.,Tod said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.,注意: 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句并列時(shí),僅能省略第一個(gè)that, 其余的不能省略.,Tod said, “ There isnt any trouble and Im waiting for my change (零錢)”,原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用ask (sb. )來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序,特殊疑問句,When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They a

6、sked him ),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,He said to me，“Where are you from?” He asked me where I was from. He asked us, “How many factories are there in your country?” He asked us how many factories there wer

7、e in our country.,He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?” He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese. I asked, “Will you take bus or on foot?” I asked him whether he would take bus or on foot.,選擇疑問句,用whetheror表達(dá)，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,1.祈使句的間接引語采用 “動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如果祈使句是否定式，在不定式前面加not。,祈使句,2.謂語動(dòng)詞

8、要做一定變化。,表示命令，用tell，order，command等。 表示請(qǐng)求，用ask，beg，request等。 表示忠告，用 advise。,不定式 The officer ordered him not to leave his post.,that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.,that/what/how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was.,例如： He said, Lets go to the film

9、. He suggested going to the film. 或He suggested that they should go to see the film.,直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常用 “suggest +動(dòng)名詞（或從句）?！?5. 注意地點(diǎn)的變化,在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)需要注意的變化,2. 注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化,1. 注意人稱變化。,3. 注意指示代詞的變化,4. 注意時(shí)間的變化,6. 注意個(gè)別趨向動(dòng)詞的變化,人稱的變化規(guī)律,She said that she liked tennis.,She said,“ I like tennis.”,結(jié)論

10、1：當(dāng)直接引語的主語為第一人稱時(shí)，變間接引語后與主句主語的人稱 保持一致。 一隨主,結(jié)論2：當(dāng)直接引語的主語為第二人稱時(shí)，變間接引語后與主句賓語的人稱 保持一致。 二隨賓,He said to Lily, “ you must get up early.”,He told Lily that she must get up early.,結(jié)論3：當(dāng)直接引語的主語為第三人稱時(shí)，變間接引語后人稱不變。 三不變,She said to me , “ They want to help him.”,She told me that they wanted to help him.,從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變 S

11、he often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) “I know it,” he said.,一般過去時(shí) He said that he knew it.,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) “Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,過去進(jìn)行時(shí) She said she was making coffee for us all.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) “I have seen her before,” said he.,過去完成時(shí) He said he had seen her bef

12、ore.,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”,過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) He said he had been doing it for hours.,一般過去時(shí) “I saw her last Monday,” he said.,過去完成時(shí) He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,過去進(jìn)行時(shí) “I was waiting for Jim,” she said.,過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) She said she had been waiting for Jim.,過去完成時(shí) “ Do you kn

13、ow Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.,過去完成時(shí) Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,一般將來時(shí) He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”,過去將來時(shí) He said they would start the next day.,that those then before/earlier that day the next/following day,指

14、示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語 和動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律,in two days time the day before the night before two days before go take there,謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化需要注意幾點(diǎn),1.直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變,2.被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的,習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,He said,“The earth goes around the sun.”,He said that the earth goes around the sun.,The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six ev

15、ery day.”,The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.,She says that shell never forget the days in the country.,3. 如果直接引語所表述的內(nèi)容在目前和說話時(shí)同樣有效，變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)可不變,The children said, “We love this game.”,They told us that they love that game.,4.主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，在引述時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。,She says, “Ill never forget the

16、days in the country.”,5.直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí), 時(shí)態(tài)不變。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.,6. 若直接引語中含有when, since, while等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句,變間接引語時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old.,7. 若直接引語的謂語中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等動(dòng)詞時(shí)。如： She said, “We should help each other.” She said we should help each other.,She said to me: “Y