2014高考英語二輪語法篇專題：專題9非謂語動詞.ppt

1、專題九 非謂語動詞,一、非謂語動詞的定義 非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞），即動詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨立作謂語外，可以承擔句子的任何成分。,二、非謂語動詞的句法功能,【考點一】考查非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),She regrets not having studied the computer hard. Having done their homework, the boy went home. They stood there, talking. I am used to watching TV in the evening

2、. He is said to be playing a part in the film. The novel was said to have been published. His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness. 【考點二】考查非謂語動詞用作主語 (1)不定式作主語：側(cè)重于動作的具體性和將來性，還可以用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。一般用it作形式主語，主語的不定式短語后置。 (2)動名詞作主語：通常表示抽象動作，還可以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗。動詞-ing形式作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 注意：動名詞作主語時，常

3、用it作形式主語，用于以下句型： It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure . +doing It is useless/good/worthwhile . +doing,It is not very good for you to smoke so much.（具體） It took me only five minutes to finish the job. It is fun playing chess with Jack. I dont mind Jack (him) going. Their coming to

4、 help was a great. There is no denying that she is very efficient. 【考點三】考查非謂語動詞用作狀語 (1)不定式作狀語 不定式作目的狀語：in order (not) to（可放在句首,也可放在句中）；so as (not) to（只能放在句中）。 不定式作結(jié)果狀語（出人意料的結(jié)果）：too .to, enough to, （only） to, so + adj./adv.+as to等。 “Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, to get it completed

5、in time, well work two more hours a day.” He hurried to the station （only） to find that the train had left. 不定式作原因狀語：用在表示心理感覺的形容詞后，說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。 Im very glad to see you.,(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 分詞可在句中作時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果(順其自然的結(jié)果)、讓步、伴隨或方式等狀語。 現(xiàn)在分詞無論作何種狀語，它的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語，句子的主語可能是分詞動作的執(zhí)行者，也可能是分詞動作的承受者。 在一些表示說話者態(tài)度的固定表達方式中，分詞

6、短語的邏輯主語和句子的主語是不一致的。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)：generally/strictly/honestly.+speaking judging from./talking of./allowing for. considering/seeing/supposing that. Talking of the computer, I like it very much. Considering the time, we have decided to start early tomorrow morning. 【考點四】考查非謂語動詞用作定語 (1)動名詞作定語 動名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂

7、關(guān)系，表示名詞的功能或用途。單個的動名詞作定語，放在被修飾的詞前；動名詞短語作定語，放在被修飾的詞后。,(2)分詞作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示主動意義，它與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，表示動作正在進行。 過去分詞作定語，它的邏輯主語就是所修飾的詞，有以下三個特點： a. 及物動詞的過去分詞作定語和它的邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系，所表示的時間概念是已完成的； b. 不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語只表示動作的完成，與它所修飾的名詞之間沒有被動關(guān)系； c. 有些表示心理活動的過去分詞作定語，表面是修飾它后面的名詞，但實質(zhì)是說明當事者的心理狀態(tài)。所以過去分詞與它所修飾的名詞之間沒有被動關(guān)系。 (3)不定式作定語

8、 動詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。 表示即將發(fā)生的情況； 注意：如果不定式與它所修飾的詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，而這個不定式又是不及物動詞，它后面應有必要的介詞。,不定式說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。 We have made a plan to finish the work. 被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級形式或next, second, last, only，not a，the等限定詞時，只能用不定式。 He is the first to get here. 不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習慣上用不定式作定語。 (4)不定式

9、和分詞作定語時的時間關(guān)系一般來說，不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；過去分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。 The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew. 【考點五】考查非謂語動詞用作賓語 1. 動詞不定式作賓語 (1)跟不定式作賓語的常見動詞: hope, want , expect, wish, desire等表示希望、想要的動詞。 like, love, dislike ,hate等表示好惡的動詞。 plan, intend, mean, pr

10、epare等表示計劃、打算的動詞。,decide, determine 等表示決定的動詞。 (2)常跟“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語的動詞(組):tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain等。 2. 動名詞作動詞賓語 （1）跟動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語，可用下面的口訣來幫助記憶： 考慮建議盼原諒(consider/suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon,etc) 承認推遲沒得想（admit, delay/put off, fancy,etc） 避免錯過繼

11、續(xù)練（avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,etc） 否認完成停能賞（deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate,etc） 不禁介意準逃亡（cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape,etc） 不準冒險憑想象（forbid, risk, imagine,etc） I dont allow smoking in my room. Would you mind opening the window for me? Im looking forward to having the summer holiday in

12、Kunming. （2）有些動詞短語后也要求跟動名詞作賓語。此類用法的動詞短語有：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have,trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.,devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, stick to, be worth, cant stand , cant help等。 （3）動名詞作介詞賓語：介詞后如果需要非謂語動詞作賓語，只能是動名詞，不可用不定式。要注意與介詞to有關(guān)的短語：look fo

13、rward to, devote.to, get used to, pay attention to, stick to, on ones way to.等。 3. 動名詞與不定式作賓語的區(qū)別 remember to do/doing記得去做/記得做過 regret to do/doing遺憾地(說)/后悔 try to do/doing 盡力做/試著做 mean to do/doing 計劃,打算做/意味著 go on to do/doing繼續(xù)做一件不同的事/繼續(xù)做同一件事 forget to do/doing忘了要做某事/忘了做過某事 stop to do/doing停下來做另一件事/停

14、止做某事 【考點六】考查非謂語動詞用作表語 (1)動詞不定式作表語 表示主語的內(nèi)容，但側(cè)重于目的性。 Her wishes was to become an artist.,表示按計劃和安排發(fā)生的事情。 He is to marry Rose. 表示情態(tài)意義(應該；必須)。 The form is to be filled in and returned within a week. (2)動名詞作表語 動名詞作表語起名詞的作用，表示主語的內(nèi)容，這時動名詞和主語的位置是可以交換的。 The nurses job is looking after the patients. =Looking a

15、fter the patients is the nurses job. (3)動名詞和不定式都可以作主語或表語，沒有太大區(qū)別。在表示經(jīng)常的習慣性動作時，多用動名詞，在表示具體某次動作，特別是將來的動作時，多用不定式。 Their job is building houses. Our task now is to increase food production. (4)分詞作表語 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語起形容詞的作用，說明主語的特征及主語所具備的動作功能。常意為“使(令)怎樣”。,The news is very disappointing. 過去分詞作表語，相當于形容詞，說明主語的狀態(tài)。 The

16、 glass is broken. (5)被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式都是be+過去分詞，主要區(qū)別是：被動語態(tài)強調(diào)所發(fā)生的動作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)的是主語的特點或狀態(tài)。 The cup was broken by my little brother.(被動語態(tài)) The cup is broken. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)) 【考點七】考查感使動詞+賓語+賓語補足語 1. 感官動詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice, smell等詞的補足語往往有四種形式。 以see為例： （1）see +賓語+do 看見做了 （2）see +賓

17、語+doing看見正在做 （3）see +賓語+done 看見被做 （4）see +賓語+being done看見正在被做,On the top of the hill，he could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 2. 使役動詞have/let/make的常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下： （1）have/let/make+sb.+do 讓某人做某事 （2）have/let/make+sth.+done 使某事被做（由別人去做）

18、（3）get sb. to do迫使某人做某事；讓某人做某事 （4）have sb./sth. doing 使某人或某事一直 I will have my bike repaired tomorrow. He made me work 12 hours a day. 【考點八】考查分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則，就必須在分詞前另加上自己的邏輯主語（名詞或主格代詞）的這個結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或分詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常放在句首。表示時間、條件、原因時，其作用分別相當于個時間、條件、原因狀語從名句;表示伴隨方式時，相當于一個并列句。,Supper fini

19、shed (=After supper was finished), we started to discuss the picnic. 表示獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being常省略。 Nobody (being) in, I didnt enter the hall. 表示伴隨方式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，有時可用“with賓語賓語補足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)來替換。 He lay there thinking, his hands behind his head (with his hands behind his head).,【2013北京】21. Volunteering gives you a chance li

20、ves, including your own. A. change B. changingC. changedD. to change 1【答案】D 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。意為：志愿者工作讓你有一個可以改變生活的機會，包括你自己的生活。動詞不定式作chance后置定語。a chance to sth.做某事的機會。英語中有些名詞后面常用動詞不定式做后置定語。如：way ,decision , wish, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right(權(quán)利)，ability , patience. 【2013北京】24. the course ver

21、y difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. FindB. FindingC. To findD. Found 2【答案】B 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處動詞find與主語she為主動關(guān)系且作原因狀語，故用現(xiàn)在分詞finding。句意：（由于）她發(fā)現(xiàn)該課程很難，她就決定轉(zhuǎn)到低一水平的（課程）。 【2013北京】29. When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. blockB. to blockC. blockingD. blocke

22、d 3【答案】D 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處非謂語動詞作賓補，動詞block與see的賓語the road之間為被動關(guān)系，構(gòu)成短語see sb/ sth done。故選D。,【2013福建】22. _ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known 4【答案】C 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此句謂語為will help，因此所選非謂語動詞做主語，故使用動名詞，答案選C。 【2013福建】32. An

23、yone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 5【答案】C 【解析】考查非謂語動詞和狀語從句的省略。狀語從句連詞once之后的非謂語動詞與主句主語anyone之間為被動關(guān)系，故選過去分詞。 【2013湖南】25. The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light

24、. A. bathedB. bathingC. to have bathedD. have bathed 6【答案】B 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。動詞bathe與主語the sun之間為主動關(guān)系，且表示進行，故選B。,【2013湖南】29. You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts. A. offering B. to offerC. having offeredD. offered 7【答案】D 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。先判斷此處需要填非謂語動詞作opinion的后置定語；再判斷opinion與動詞off

25、er間為被動關(guān)系，故答案選D。 【2013湖南】30. Every day _ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. A. readB. reading C. to readD. reads 8【答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子，不難判斷，該句為祈使句，故用動詞原形，答案選A。 【2013湖南】31. _ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.

26、 A. StayingB. StayedC. To stayD. Stay 9【答案】C 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處考查動詞不定式表目的，意為：晚間，我為了保持暖和，我就把柴爐加滿。故選C。,【2013江蘇】24. Lionel Messi, the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set 10【答案】D 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。首先判斷該句

27、謂語為is considered，故可知橫線部分為非謂語動詞，描述主語Lionel Messi。短語set the record與主語之間為主動關(guān)系，故選B。 【2013江蘇】31.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced 11【答案】C 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。首先判斷此處是and連接的after之后的并列的動名詞形式；且reduce與

28、主語city之間為被動關(guān)系，故選C。 【2013江西】34.If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. A. askedB. to askC. askingD. having asked 12【答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語動詞及狀語從句的省略。狀語從句連詞if之后省去了從句的主語，即主句的主語；而主句為祈使句，默認主語為you；主語you與動詞ask之間為被動關(guān)系，故使用過去分詞。答案選A。,【2013遼寧】28. Laura was away in Paris for over a week.

29、 When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ for her. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting 13【答案】C 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此題there be句型的主語mail后接后置定語，wait與mail間為主動關(guān)系，且wait這個動作正在進行，故選C，現(xiàn)在分詞。 【2013山東】25. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner. A. standing B. to stand C. standsD. stood 14

30、【答案】A解析原創(chuàng)：山東省 【解析】考查非謂語動詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞standing作bookshelf后置定語，表主動進行。 【2013山東】29. I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired. A. takeB. taking C. to take D. taken 15【答案】C 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我停下車來休息一會兒，因為我感覺累了。此處動詞不定式表目的，故選C。,【2013山東】33. _ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again.

31、A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating 16【答案】A解析原創(chuàng)：山東省 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意為：因為以前曾經(jīng)在自助餐廳吃過，Tina再也不想在那兒吃了。動詞eat與主語Tina之間為主動關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句中before可知需強調(diào)eat這個動作發(fā)生在主動詞之前，可知用現(xiàn)在分詞完成體Having eaten表主動完成，作原因狀語。 【2013陜西】13. Let those in need that we will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understand C. understa

32、nding D. understood 17【答案】B 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。動詞let后接動詞原形understand做賓補，表示與賓語those in need之間為主動關(guān)系，構(gòu)成短語let sb do sth。故選B。 【2013陜西】14. The witnesses by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned 18【答案】A 【解析】考查非

33、謂語動詞。首先判斷此處需要一個非謂語動詞作witnesses的后置定語；且判斷動詞question與witnesses間為被動關(guān)系；根據(jù)非謂語動詞短語中標志詞just now可知動作question已經(jīng)完成。故可選A。區(qū)別：done作后置定語意為“已被的”；being done作后置定語意為“正被的”；to be done作后置定語意為“將被的”。,【2013四川】8. _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D

34、. Known not 19【答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。主語the girl與非謂語動詞know之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞；且非謂語動詞的否定式應在其前加否定詞。據(jù)此可知答案為A。此處分詞Not knowing在句中作原因狀語。 【2013四川】10. The airport _ next year will help promote tourism in this area. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed 20【答案】B 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。先判斷出此處需要填上一

35、個非謂語動詞作the airport的后置定語；根據(jù)標志詞next year及句意“明年將竣工的機場”可知非謂語動詞表示將來動作，故選動詞不定式to be done（將被做）；而A項being done“正在被”；C項“已被”；D項D項常作狀語。 【2013天津】10. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words in daily conversations. A. using B. to use C. having used D. used 21【答案】D 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞use在句中作words的后置定語，

36、與其存在被動關(guān)系，故使用過去分詞used，答案為D。,【2013天津】10. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words in daily conversations. A. using B. to use C. having used D. used 21【答案】D 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞use在句中作words的后置定語，與其存在被動關(guān)系，故使用過去分詞used，答案為D。 【2013新課標II卷】5.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train fro

37、m Paddington A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught 22【答案】D 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，因為我趕上了7:30的車，所以那天我更早地到了辦公室，可知趕車發(fā)生在到辦公室之前，且與主語I之間為主動關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞完成體表主動完成。 【2013新課標I卷】22.They might just have a place _on the writing course一why dont you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave

38、23【答案】D 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。固定短語have sth to do。,【2013新課標I卷】35. The sunlight is white and blinding, hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwingB. being thrown C. to throwD. to be thrown 24【答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。主語sunlight與throw shadows之間為主動關(guān)系，故選A。 【2013浙江】7. _how others react to the book you have just read crea

39、tes an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing 25【答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。需辨明句子結(jié)構(gòu)：句子謂語為creates，之前為主語，因此可以判斷是非謂語動詞作主語，故選動名詞做主語。 【2013浙江】19. There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on. A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treat

40、ed D. not have been treated 26【答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語動詞及狀語從句的省略。連詞when之后為狀語從句的省略，非謂語動詞treat的邏輯主語即為主句主語health problems，判斷它們之間的關(guān)系為被動關(guān)系，即用過去分詞即可。而being done意為“正在被”；to be done“將被”。,【2013重慶】30. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, me stories till I fell asleep. A. having told B. telling C. told D.

41、 to tell 27【答案】B 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處非謂語動詞tell與主語my mother為主動關(guān)系，故用telling作伴隨狀語。 【2013重慶】34. The engine just wont start. Something seems wrong with it. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 28【答案】B 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。動詞seem之后用不定式，排除CD項；to do表將來，to have done表完成，根據(jù)句意：引擎發(fā)不動?？雌饋砗孟癯隽耸裁疵?，可知答案為B。 【2013安徽】32.

42、 in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded 29【答案】C 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句子主語the school與found之間為被動關(guān)系，故此處使用過去分詞founded表被動并表完成動作。,【2013福建】32. Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment

43、 from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 30【答案】C 【解析】考查非謂語動詞和狀語從句的省略。狀語從句連詞once之后的非謂語動詞與主句主語anyone之間為被動關(guān)系，故選過去分詞。 【2013江西】34.If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. A. askedB. to askC. askingD. having asked 31【答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語動詞及狀語從句的省略

44、。狀語從句連詞if之后省去了從句的主語，即主句的主語；而主句為祈使句，默認主語為you；主語you與動詞ask之間為被動關(guān)系，故使用過去分詞。答案選A。 【2013浙江】19. There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on. A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated 32【答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語動詞及狀語從句的省略。連詞when之后為狀語從句的省

45、略，非謂語動詞treat的邏輯主語即為主句主語health problems，判斷它們之間的關(guān)系為被動關(guān)系，即用過去分詞即可。而being done意為“正在被”；to be done“將被”。,2010高考真題 1. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library. (2010全國) A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 解析：選C。考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意為：懷特夫人給學生們展示了一些從圖書館借來的舊地圖。old maps與borrow

46、之間是被動關(guān)系，borrowed表示被動或完成，符合語境。 2. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010全國) A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 解析：選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞作狀語。句意為：父親節(jié)將要到來，為了給爸爸買禮物,我已經(jīng)從銀行取了一些錢。非謂語動詞中不定式作目的狀語。 3. Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a wa

47、rm welcome.(2010全國) A. surprising B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised,解析：選C。句意為：盡管教授看到我們很驚訝，但還是熱情地歡迎了我們。though引導讓步狀語從句，其后省略了he was。 surprised多指“某人對某事感到驚訝”。 4. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories. (2010上海) A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D.

48、 to be amused 解析：選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓語補足語。句意為：Lucy很有幽默感，總是講故事給她的同事們消遣。colleagues與amused 之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。 5._ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.(2010上海) A. Approaching B. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached 解析：選A。考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意為：接近市中心時，我們看到了一座大約10米高的石雕。由語境可知，逗號前的部分為時間狀語；a

49、pproach與其邏輯主語we之間是主動關(guān)系。 6. That is the only way we can imagine_ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. (2010上海) A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce,解析：選B。考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意為：這是我們能想到的減少學生們在浴室內(nèi)過度用水的唯一辦法。動詞不定式作定語修飾名詞短語the only way。the way to do sth.表示“做的途徑、方式”。 7. He had a wonderful childhood

50、,_ with his mother to all corners of the world.(2010安徽) A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 解析：選D?？疾榉侵^語動詞作狀語。句意為：他有一個快樂的童年，那時他跟著他的母親周游世界。主語he與動詞travel之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。 8. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _ supplies to Yushu， Qinghai Province after the earthquake.(2010福建)

51、A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 解析：選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞作狀語。句意為：地震之后，許多救援工人正在夜以繼日地工作，為青海玉樹地區(qū)發(fā)送物資。動詞send和主語workers構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作伴隨狀語。,9. Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(2010湖南) A. struggling B. struggled C. having str

52、uggled D. to struggle 解析：選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。句意為：Dina奮斗了幾個月的時間想找份服務員的工作，終于在一家當?shù)氐膹V告公司找到了一份工作。Dina與struggle之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且struggle發(fā)生在take之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時態(tài)作定語。 10. So far nobody has claimed the money_ in the library. (2010湖南) Discovered B. to be discovered C. Discovering D. having discovered 解析：選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。句意為：

53、目前為止，沒有人來認領(lǐng)圖書館里發(fā)現(xiàn)的錢。money和discover之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。 11. The lady walked around the shops,_ an eye out for bargains. (2010江西) A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 解析：選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞作伴隨狀語。句意為：這位女士在商,店周圍閑逛，注意看有沒有特價商品。句子主語lady和keep 之間是主動關(guān)系，keeping an eye out for bargains為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。 12. There were man

54、y talented actors out there just waiting _.(2010江西) A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered 解析：選B。考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意為：很多有才華的演員等待被發(fā)現(xiàn)。動詞不定式作目的狀語，且actors與discover之間是被動關(guān)系。 13. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.(2010遼寧) A. finding B. to find C. find D

55、. to be found 解析：選B。考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意為：我們吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)那座廟仍然還是原來的狀況。be astonished 后應該跟動詞不定式作原因狀語。,14. Its no use having ideas only. Dont worry. Peter can show you _ to turn an idea into an act.(2010遼寧) A. how B. who C. what D. where 解析：選A?？疾椤耙蓡栐~+不定式”的用法。句意為：光有主意是沒用的。不用擔心，彼特可以教你怎樣把主意轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾袆印ｋm然四個詞都可以和動詞不定式連用，但是意義不同。

56、how表示“怎樣”，強調(diào)方式；who和what是連接代詞，一般在不定式短語中作賓語，此句中動詞不定式有賓語，不再需要賓語，所以排除；where強調(diào)地點，與上句不對應。由句意可知，此處表示“如何”，故選A。 15. Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.(2010遼寧) A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 解析：選D?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓語補足語。句意為：亞歷山大試圖讓他的工作在醫(yī)學領(lǐng)域得到認可。賓語work和recognize之間為被動關(guān)系。

57、 16. _ at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.(2010北京),Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 解析：選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞作狀語。句意為：看著同學們的面孔，我從他們眼中讀出了同樣的興奮。looking at my classmates faces與句子主語I之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。 17. Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.(2010北京) A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 解析：選A。考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意為：我打電話來咨詢一下昨天中國日報上刊登職位的信息。the position和advertise之間是被動關(guān)系，此處的分詞可以理解為一個定語從句which was advertised。 18. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.(2010山東