定語從句(1)zfx.ppt

1、1. 定語和定語從句的基本認識,The Attributive Clauses,Topic 1 What is an attribute?,定語是什么？ 定語：就是為了豐富思想，豐富語言表達的手段，而在名詞、代詞前或后起修飾或限制作用的語言結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)定語的位置特征，定語可分為前置定語和后置定語兩種。,Topic 2 前置定語,book (書),a book (一本書),this book (這本書),my book (我的書),an English book (一本英語書),an interesting English book (一本有趣的英語書),Topic 3 后置定語,book （書）

2、,a book on medicine (一本關(guān)于醫(yī)學的書),a book on medicine, written by Li Shizhen (李時珍編寫的關(guān)于 醫(yī)學的書),a book on medicine, being printed at present (現(xiàn)在正在印刷的一本關(guān)于醫(yī)學的書),a book on medicine, to be published next month (下個月即將出版的一本關(guān)于醫(yī)學的書),Topic 4 The Attributive Clauses,用一個從句在句中充當后置定語的語言 單位就是定語從句。定語從句的使用，更 進一步地提高了語言表達的能

3、力，它能使 枯燥的語言變得豐富多彩。根據(jù)定語從句 的功能特征，定語從句可以分為限制性定 語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種, 非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間通常有逗號“，”。,4-1. 什么是定語從句,Guessing Game,1.He is a singer. He has small eyes. He won the best male singer twice. He is popular in Asia. He played a role in the Green Hornet (青蜂俠）last year.,Who is he?,Jay Chou,Guessing Game,Jay Cho

4、u, a popular singer in Asia, with small eyes, who won the best male singer twice， played a role in the Green Hornet (青蜂俠）last year.,Who is he?,What is it?,It is a movie. It is based on a true tragedy (悲劇性的) story. It talks about two lovers. It was very popular in 1997. Its actor also played a leadin

5、g character in the film Inception(盜夢空間). Its topic is about a ship sinking after hitting an iceberg.,What is it?,The movie Titanic, based on a true tragedy (悲劇性的) story, talking about two lovers, whose topic is about a ship sinking after hitting an iceberg, was very popular in 1997. Its actor also p

6、layed a leading character in the film Inception (盜夢空間).,Practice,Join the following sentences by means of the attributive clauses:,The classic movie,Titanic is a touching movie. Its theme song is very famous.,= Titanic is a touching movie _theme song is very famous.,whose,= Titanic is a beautiful sh

7、ip _ sank after hitting an iceberg.,Titanic is a beautiful ship. It sank after hitting an iceberg.,which /that,Jack is a handsome man . He is poor.,= Jack is a handsome man _ is poor.,who / that,Rose is a beautiful woman. She was born in a rich family.,= Rose is a beautiful woman _ was born in a ric

8、h family.,who/that,-Who is Rose talking with? - Jack.,Jack is the person _ Rose is talking with. = Jack is the person with _ Rose is talking.,whom,(whom/who/that),Jack and Rose are the lovers. They met on the ship for the first time. Their love story will go on forever!,= The lovers, Jack and Rose,

9、_ love story will go on forever, met on the ship for the first time.,whose,She is a popular star. Her ex-husband is Xie Tingfeng.,She is a popular star _ ex-husband is Xie Tingfeng.,whose,It is a poor dog _ heart is broken.,whose,Which baby is Jack?,穿紅褲子的baby是Jack。,The baby is Jack.,whose trousers a

10、re red,Jack,Which house is mine?,房頂是棕色的房子是我的。,The house is mine.,whose roof is brown,My house,This is the book.,The books cover is blue.,This is the book _ cover is blue.,whose,whose引導定語從句,1. Titanic is a touching movie whose theme song is very famous. 2. It is a poor dog whose heart is broken. 3.Zh

11、ang Bozhi is a popular star whose ex-husband is Xie Tingfeng. 4. Obama is American president whose skin is black.,whose 既可以指人也可以指物，表“所屬”關(guān)系; whose=先行詞的所有格,4-2. 定語從句的先行詞,先行詞：就是被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞，有時候非限制性定語從句所修飾的先行詞是整個上文或下文所表達的語意。,4-3. 定語從句的引導詞,引導詞：是指位于先行詞與定語從句之間的連接詞。 引導詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常用的關(guān)系代詞有 that, which, who

12、, whom, whose, as; 常用的關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why。,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定語從句,先行詞,引導詞(關(guān)聯(lián)詞/連接詞),4.1 定語從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu):,結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+引導詞+定語從句,4-4. 觀察與總結(jié),2. 定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法,The Attributive Clauses,1-1. Titanic is a movie which/that was very popular in 1997. 1-2. Titanic is a movie, which was very p

13、opular in 1997.,4.5 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法:,句1-1：表物的先行詞movie 在其后的限制性定語從句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞用which / that, 但不可省略。 句1-2：表物的先行詞movie 在其后的非限制性定語從句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞只用which , 不可省略。,2-1. Rose is a beautiful woman who/that was born in a rich family. 2-2. Rose is a beautiful woman，who was born in a rich family.,句2-1：表人的先行詞woman 在其后的限制性定語從

14、句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞用who / that, 但不可省略。 句2-2：表人的先行詞woman 在其后的非限制性定語從句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞只用who , 不可省略。,3-1. Jack is the person (whom/who/that) Rose is talking with. 3-2. Jack is the person, whom/who Rose is talking with.,句3-1：表人的先行詞person 在其后的限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞用whom/who / that, 還可以省略。 句3-2：表人的先行詞person 在其后的非限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系

15、代詞只用whom / who , 不可省略。,4-1.This is the farm (that/which) we visited last month. 4-2.This is the farm, which we visited last month.,句4-1：表物的先行詞farm 在其后的限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞用which / that, 還可以省略。 句4-2：表物的先行詞farm 在其后的非限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞只用which , 不可省略。,5-1.It is a poor dog whose heart is broken. 5-2.It is a po

16、or dog, whose heart is broken. 5-3.It is the company whose president is British. 5-4.It is the company, whose president is British.,句5-1/2：表動物的先行詞dog 在其后的限制性或非限制性定語從句中作定語，關(guān)系代詞用whose, 不可省略。 句5-3/4：表物的先行詞company 在其后的限制性或非限制性定語從句中作定語，關(guān)系代詞只用whose , 不可省略。,6-1.He is such a good teacher as is respected by

17、all his students. 6-2.He is such a good teacher, as is respected by all his students.,句6-1/2：表人的先行詞teacher由于受到such的修飾， 在其后的限制性或非限制性定語從句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞只用as, 不可省略。,6-3.He is so good a teacher as is respected by all his students. 6-4.He is so good a teacher, as is respected by all his students.,句6-3/4：表人的先行詞

18、teacher由于受到so的修飾， 在其后的限制性或非限制性定語從句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞只用as, 不可省略。,6-5.This is the same dictionary as I bought last weekend. 6-6.This is the same dictionary, as I bought last weekend.,句6-5/6：表物的先行詞dictionary由于受到the same的修飾， 在其后的限制性或非限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞只用as, 不可省略。,6-7. China is a developing socialist country, as is

19、 known to all. 6-8. China, as is known to all, is a developing socialist country. 6-9. As is known to all, China is a developing socialist country.,句6-7/8/9：先行詞是China is a developing socialist country 表達的整個語意，即“中國是一個發(fā)展中的社會主義國家”， 其后的關(guān)系代詞as代替先行詞在非限制性定語從句內(nèi)部用作主語, 此時通常譯為“正如那樣” ，不可省略。As引導的這種定語從句的位置非常靈活，可置

20、于句首、句中或句末。,4.6 關(guān)系代詞 that與which 的比較,1-1 I dont agree with everything _ he suggested at the meeting. 1-2 I dont agree with everything, _ he suggested at the meeting. A. which B. that,A,B,1-1句中表物的先行詞everything 在其后的限制性定語從句中作及物動詞suggested的賓語，且everything 是不定代詞，所以只用that。 1-2句中的先行詞仍是everything, 但其后是非限制性定語從句

21、，所以只能用which。,2-1 Of the three movies, Titanic is the most touching (one), _ Ive ever seen before. 2-2 Of the three movies, Titanic is the most touching (one) _ Ive ever seen before. A. which B. that,A,B,2-1句中表物的先行詞one受到最高級的修飾，且在其后的非限制性定語從句中作及物動詞seen的賓語，所以只用which。 2-2中表物的先行詞one受到最高級的修飾，且在其后的限制性定語從句中作

22、及物動詞seen的賓語，所以只用that。,2-3Abraham Lincoln is one of the greatest American presidents, _ I admire most. 2-4 Abraham Lincoln is one of the greatest American presidents_ I admire most. A. which B. that C. who D. whom,2-3表人的先行詞presidents受到最高級的修飾，且在其后的非限制性定語從句中作及物動詞admire的賓語，所以只用who。 2-4表人的先行詞presidents受到

23、最高級的修飾，且在其后的限制性定語從句中作及物動詞admire的賓語，所以可用(that/who/whom)。,C,B/C/D,3-1 This is the first interesting novel _ Ive ever read. 3-2 This is the first interesting novel, _ Ive ever read. A. which B. that,3-1表物的先行詞novel受到序數(shù)詞的修飾，且在其后的限制性定語從句中作及物動詞read的賓語，所以只用that。 3-2 表物的先行詞novel受到最高級的修飾，且在其后的非限制性定語從句中作及物動詞re

24、ad的賓語，所以只用which。,B,A,4-1 Rose is the first young lady _ Jack falls in love with at first sight. 4-2 Rose is the first young lady, _ Jack falls in love with at first sight. 4-3 Rose is the first young lady with _ Jack falls in love at first sight. A. which B. that C. who D. whom,4-1 表人先行詞lady受到序數(shù)詞修飾并

25、在其后限制性定語從句中作賓語，可以BCD。 4-2 表人的lady在非限制性定語從句作賓語，可用CD。 4-3表人的lady在其后限制性定語從句中作賓語且介詞with前置，只用D。,B/C/D,D,C/D,5-1 This is the only way _ I can think of to solve the problem. 5-2 This is the only way, _ I can think of, to solve the problem. A. which B. that C. in which D. /,5-1 先行詞 way 受到the only的修飾且在其后的限制性

26、定語從句中作think of的賓語，可用BD。 5-2先行詞 way 受到the only的修飾且在其后的非限制性定語從句中作think of的賓語，只可用A。,B/D,A,5-3 Mary is the only lady _ John would like to marry. 5-4 Mary is the only lady, _ John would like to marry. A. which B. that C. who D. whom,5-3 先行詞 lady 受到the only的修飾但在其后的限制性定語從句中作marry的賓語，可用BCD。 5-4先行詞 lady 受到th

27、e only的修飾但在其后的非限制性定語從句中作marry的賓語，可用CD。,BCD,CD,6-1 Do you know the things and persons _ theyre talking about? 6-2 Which is the bike _ you lost? 6-3 Who is the person _ the teacher is referring to? A. which B. that,6-1先行詞the things and persons 既表物又表人，且在其后的限制性定語從句中作賓語，只用that。 6-2/3主句是由which/who引起的特殊疑問句，為了避免用詞重復，常用that;,B,B,B,7-1 She is no longer the person _ she used to be. 7-2 Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she