自我之歌.pptx.ppt

1、Walt Whitman (1819-1892),一班 第二組,Life,Born: 31 May 1819 Birthplace: Long Island, New York. Died:26 March 1892,2,Born in a working-class family, son of a carpenter At four, family moved to Brooklyn, New York Attended public school Apprenticed to a printer Returned to Long Island in 1835 and taught in

2、country schools Edited a newspaper, the Long-Islander, in Huntington Back to New York City to work as a printer and journalist Experienced various jobs Began writing a new kind of poetry,3,Whitmans democratic ideals& individualism,Americas first “poet of democracy” Whitmans democratic ideas govern h

3、is poetry-writing. In his famous poetry, openness, freedom, and above all, individualism (the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important) are all that concerned him. Whitman brings the hard-working farmers and laborers into American literature ,attack the slavery syst

4、em and racial discrimination.,4,The themes in Whitmans poetry,filled with optimistic expectation and enthusiasm about new things and new epoch. The whole hard-working people The life of cities. The fast growth of industry and wealth in cities 2. Individual value Pursuit of love and happiness Sexual

5、love The individual person and his desires must be respected.,5,Americas first “poet of democracy” Walt Whitman was an American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist. Proclaimed the greatest of all American poets by many foreign observers a mere four years after his death. His Leaves of Grass has

6、 always been considered a monumental work. It commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of American democratic ideals. He is the poet of the common people and the prophet and singer of democracy.,Influence,6,Influences the 20th century world literature: His works is part of

7、western culture / many poets in France, Italy, England, and Latin America are in his debt. His poetry also influences modern American poets such as Pound, Hart Crane, Carl Sandburg.,7,Important Features in Whitmans Poems,The first person narrator: “I” the subject in the poem, “you” the reader Invite

8、s us to participate in the process of sympathetic identification. Style: free verse,A looser and open-ended syntactical structure The habit of using snapshots（快照） Use of conversational image Strong tendency to use oral English Vocabulary- powerful, colorful, rarely-used words of foreign origin, wron

9、g words Sentences- different lengths, separate,8,works,Leaves of Grass草葉集 Songs of Myself 自我之歌 O Captain!My Captain!船長(zhǎng)！我的船長(zhǎng)！ I hear America sining我聽見美洲在歌唱 Beat! Beat! Drums！敲吧 戰(zhàn)鼓！,9,Leaves of Grass,Whitmans originality first in his use of the poetic form free verse (i.e. poetry without a fixed beat

10、or regular rhyme scheme) The first version of his masterpiece, Leaves of Grass, appeared in 1855. Emerson praised Whitmans poetry as “the most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom that America has yet to contribute.”,10,Leaves of Grass,Walt Whitman has devoted all his life to the creation of the “s

11、ingle” poem, Leaves of Grass .The work has nine editions. In this giant work, openness, freedom, and individualism are all that concerned him. His purpose is to express some new poetical feelings and to initiate a poetic tradition in which difference should be recognized. He wanted to behave as a su

12、preme individualist.,11,Song of Myself,Song of Myself was originally published in the 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass in which it was the first of twelve poems. At the time this poem was untitled, in 1881 Whitman gave the poem its final name: Song of Myself. In Song of Myself, Whitman believed that

13、two people could be “twain yet one”, their paths could be different, and yet they could achieve a kind of transcendent contact. Song of Myself is a history of the poets movement from loafing individual to active spirit.,12,Translation,SONG OF MYSELF我自己的歌,20 我在一切人身上看到我自己，不多也不差毫厘， 我對(duì)我自己的褒貶對(duì)他們也同樣合適。 我知

14、道我是莊嚴(yán)的， 我不想耗費(fèi)精神去為自己申辯或求得人們的理解， 我懂得根本的法則從來不為自己辯解， （我認(rèn)為我的行為畢竟也并不比我在建造房屋時(shí)所用的水平儀更加高貴。） 我就按照我自己的現(xiàn)狀生存，這已經(jīng)夠了， 即使世界上再?zèng)]有人意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，我仍滿足地坐著， 即使世上所有的人都意識(shí)到，我也滿足地坐著。 有個(gè)世界是意識(shí)到了的，而且對(duì)我說來是最大的世界， 那便是我自己， 無論今天我能得到，或者要在千百萬年之后我才能得到我應(yīng)得的一切， 我現(xiàn)在就愉快的接受，或同樣愉快的等待。 我的立足點(diǎn)是同花崗巖連著的， 我嘲笑你們所謂的消亡， 我深知時(shí)間是多么寬廣。,31 我相信一片草葉的意義不亞于星星每日的工程， 一

15、只螻蟻、一粒沙，一個(gè)鷦鷯蛋，都是同樣地完美， 雨蛙也是造物者的一件精心杰作， 四處蔓延的黑毒可以裝飾天堂里的華屋。 而我手上一個(gè)極小的關(guān)節(jié)可以藐視一切機(jī)器！ 低頭吃草的母牛能勝過任何一座雕像， 一個(gè)小鼠便是奇跡，足以使千千萬個(gè)異教徒震驚不已。,46 我走著一個(gè)永恒的旅程，（都來聽聽吧?。?我的標(biāo)志是一件雨衣、一雙好鞋，和從樹林中砍來的一根手杖。 我的朋友誰也不在我的椅子上休想， 我沒有椅子，沒有教堂，沒有哲學(xué)， 我不把任何人領(lǐng)到餐桌邊，圖書館或交易所去， 我只是領(lǐng)著你們每一個(gè)男人和每一個(gè)女人領(lǐng)到一座小山丘上， 我左手摟著你的腰部， 我的右手指著各個(gè)大陸的風(fēng)景和那條大路。 我不能，別的任何人也不

16、能替代你走過那條路， 你必須自己去走。 它并不遙遠(yuǎn)，它可以到達(dá)。 也許你一出生就已在那條路上了，只是你自己不知道， 或者它原在水上陸上處處都有。,親愛的孩子喲！背負(fù)著你的衣包，我也背負(fù)著我自己的，讓我們趕快前行， 我們一路上將觀賞美妙的城市和自由的國土。 假使你疲倦了，將兩個(gè)行囊都給我吧， 將你的手扶在我的身上休息一會(huì)， 適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，你也將對(duì)我盡同樣的義務(wù)， 因?yàn)槲覀円怀霭l(fā)就再不也能躺下休息了。 今天田亮前我登上一座小山，望著擁擠的天空。 我對(duì)我的精神說：當(dāng)我們擁有這些這些星球以及它們身上一切事物的歡樂和知識(shí)時(shí)，我們就充實(shí)和滿足了么？ 我的精神說不，我們僅僅達(dá)到了那個(gè)高度，還要越過它繼續(xù)攀登。

17、 你也在向我提出問題，我聽見了， 我回答說我不能答復(fù)，你必須自己去尋找。,我聽見美國在歌唱 瓦爾特惠特曼 我聽見美國在歌唱，我聽見各種各樣的歌， 那些機(jī)械工人的歌，每個(gè)人都唱著他那理所當(dāng)然地快樂而又雄偉的歌， 木匠一面衡量著他的木板或房梁，一面唱著他的歌， 泥水匠在準(zhǔn)備開始工作或離開工作的時(shí)候唱著他的歌， 船夫在他的船上唱著屬于他的歌，艙面水手在汽船甲板上唱歌， 鞋匠坐在他的凳子上唱歌，做帽子的人站著唱歌， 伐木者的砍，牽引耕畜的孩子在早晨、午休或日落時(shí)走在路上唱的歌， 母親或年輕的妻子在工作時(shí)，或者姑娘在縫紉或洗衣裳時(shí)甜美地唱著的歌， 每個(gè)人都唱著屬于他或她而不屬于任何其他人的歌， 白天唱著

18、屬于白天的歌晚上這一群體格健壯、友好相處的年輕小伙子， 就放開嗓子唱起他們那雄偉而又悅耳的歌。,我聽見人們指責(zé)我 我聽見人們指責(zé)我說我企圖破壞社會(huì)制度， 但是我實(shí)際既不贊成也不反對(duì)社會(huì)制度， （我怎么會(huì)和它們有什么共同點(diǎn)呢？破壞它們又怎么樣呢？） 我只想在曼納哈塔和這個(gè)國家的每座城市，無論在內(nèi)地或海邊， 在田野間和樹林里，在每一條壓低水面的大小龍骨之上， 不必求助于大建筑物，規(guī)章，董事，或任何論據(jù)， 建立起一個(gè)伙伴之間親密友愛的制度。,在路易斯安那我看見一株四季常青的橡樹在成長(zhǎng)著 在路易斯安那我看見一株四季常青的橡樹在成長(zhǎng)著， 它孤單單獨(dú)自站立著，苔蘚從樹枝上掛下來， 它沒有任何同伴卻生長(zhǎng)在那里傾吐著歡樂的、深綠色的葉子， 它的相貌粗魯、挺拔、健壯，使我想到我自己， 但是我詫異它怎么能獨(dú)自站在那里傾吐著歡樂的葉子，卻沒有它的朋友在身邊，因?yàn)槲抑牢揖娃k不到， 我折下了小小一枝，上面有幾瓣葉子，又給繞上一點(diǎn)苔蘚， 我把它帶走，把它放在我屋里容易看見的地方， 我不需要它使我重新想起我自己那些親愛的朋友， （因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為我最近除了他們之外沒怎么想念過別的，） 但是它仍是一件奇異的紀(jì)念物，它使我想到男子之間的友愛； 雖則如此，而且雖然那四季常青的橡樹孤獨(dú)地