英語虛擬語氣ppt模版課件.ppt

1、Unit seven The Subjunctive mood,The indicative The Imperative The Subjunctive mood mood mood 陳述語氣 祈使語氣 虛擬語氣,用來陳述事實(shí),或提出看法. 有肯定,否定,疑問或感嘆等形式.,用來表達(dá)請求,邀請,命令,警告或勸告等.,表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí),而是一種假設(shè),愿望,懷疑或推測.多用于條件從句,讓步從句和名詞性從句中.,虛擬語氣的用法 虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句(主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句)中的用法 虛擬語氣在其他情況中的應(yīng)用,虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法,e.g.

2、 1. If there were no air, the sky would be black. 2. If we had had enough money, we would have bought it. 3. If you should fall, you would be injured. 4. If I got the news, I would let you know.,省略if的虛擬條件句 在虛擬條件句中,如謂語包含were,was,had,should等詞,則把這些詞放在主句前面省略if.如: Were you not here, none of us would come

3、. If you were not here, none of us would come. Should she come here, we would discuss this matter with her. If she should come here, we would discuss this matter with her.,混合(時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜)型虛擬條件句 通常虛擬條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞指時(shí)間是一致的,但有時(shí)也可指不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. If yo

4、u had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy.,含蓄虛擬條件句 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以if引導(dǎo)的條件從句形式表現(xiàn)出來,而是通過一個(gè)介詞短語或其他形式表示,常用的詞和短語:without,but for,butthat,otherwise,or,but等. 1)but for, without, under, with 等介詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣. * Without your help(=If we had not had your help),we could not have succeede

5、d.,*But for your help, I should have been drowned. With better equipment, we could have done it better. 2) otherwise, but, or 引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣. *I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so. *He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.,3) But that

6、意為”要不是”, 也可用來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣 But that he had no money at the time, he would have come to help us. 4) 分詞短語和不定式短語也可引導(dǎo)隱含的虛擬條件句. You would have laughed to see him jump aside. 5)在某些隱含的虛擬條件簡單句中,虛擬語氣可通過上下文表現(xiàn)出來,謂語動詞用should/would be和should/would have been的虛擬形式. You should have come earlier.,虛擬語氣與祈使語氣的混合使用 在有些情況下,條件句的

7、謂語由+動詞原形構(gòu)成,這時(shí)主句的謂語動詞既可以是虛擬語氣或陳述語氣,也可是祈使語氣 *If it should rain, the plan will/ would be called off. *Should anyone phone, please tell them Im busy. *Even if (If) it should get stormy, I will go.,在If it were (had been) not for型中的虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣也常用于 “If it were (had been) not for” 句型中,意為”要不然” *If it were not

8、for peace, we could not be living a happy life today. * If it had not been for your help, I would have gone bankrupt.,虛擬語氣在名詞性從句 (主語從句,賓語從句, 表語從句,同位語從句)中的用法. 命令,建議,要求,愿望, 驚訝,喜悅,遺憾,惋惜.,虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法.,It is+形容詞+that從句(從句用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形,should可省) 形容詞: advisable,necessary,better,essential,strange,impor

9、tant,right,surprising,regretful,desirable,natural等 It is+過去分詞+that從句(從句用虛擬語氣should+動詞形,should可省) 過去分詞: decided,demanded,ordered,required,recommended,requested,suggested,desired, It is+名詞+that從句(從句用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形,should可省) 名詞: duty, pity,no surprise,no wonder, regret,shame,e.g. It is essential that

10、you (should) join the club activities. 2. It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities. 3. It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.,虛擬語氣賓語從句中的用法.,1)某些動詞后所接賓語從句中的謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣,用來表示建議,命令和要求等.其形式為:主語+動詞+(that)+(should)+動詞原形 常用詞:advise,order,command,decide, propose,demand,re

11、commend,desire, Request,require,suggest,determine, Insist,intend等. I DROP CAPS. e.g. He insisted that the meeting be put off. They proposed that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting. 注意:當(dāng)suggest,insist等動詞表示”暗示,堅(jiān)持說”時(shí),從句不用虛擬語氣. His expression suggested that he was unhappy. He insisted th

12、at he was innocent.,虛擬語氣賓語從句中的用法.,2)Wish后所跟的賓語從句要求謂語動詞用虛擬語氣,其主要形式有三種. 對現(xiàn)在的虛擬: wish+主語+動詞過去式 對過去的虛擬: wish+主語+had+過去分詞 對將來的虛擬: wish+主語+would+動詞原形 I wish I knew what was going to happen. She wished she had stayed at home. I wish I would be a millionaire. 注:在表示對過去的虛擬時(shí),也可用: wish+主語+would(could)+have+過去分詞

13、 I wish I could have seen her last night.,虛擬語氣表語從句和同位語從句中的用法.,在表示建議,命令,主張,目的和愿望等名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣.其形式為:(should)+動詞原形 常用名詞有:advice,decision,desire,necessity,order, preference,proposal,recommendation,request, requirement,suggestion,resolution(決心,決議) e.g. He gave orders that the guests (should)

14、 be hospitably entertained. His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.,虛擬語氣在其他情況中的應(yīng)用,在would rather,would sooner, would just as soon,might as well, would prefer等句型中的虛擬語氣. 意為”寧愿,但愿”. 其形式為: 對現(xiàn)在的虛擬和對將來的虛擬: would rather(would sooner)+主語+動詞過去式 對過去的虛擬: would rather(would sooner)+主語+had+過去分

15、詞 Id rather he didnt go now. Id just as soon you had been here yesterday. 注: would rather后也可以直接跟動詞原形表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?現(xiàn)在完成式表示過去的愿望. Id rather go to have class. They would rather not have been to the party.,虛擬語氣在其他情況中的應(yīng)用,2. 在Its (high/about) time (that)句型中的虛擬語氣.從句常用過去式,也可用 should+動詞原形.表示早該做而未做的事情,含建議的意味. 意為

16、 ”該是的時(shí)候了.” *It is time (that) we went home. *It is high time (that) the weather improved. *It is time (that) the boy (should) go to school.,虛擬語氣在其他情況中的應(yīng)用,3. If only 引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣.表愿望.其形式為: 對現(xiàn)在的虛擬:過去式 對將來的虛擬: would/could+動詞原形 對過去的虛擬:過去完成時(shí). *If only he were here! *If only you would listen to our advise

17、! *If only she could marry me! *If only I had not been busy last week!,虛擬語氣在其他情況中的應(yīng)用,4. 由as if和 as though引起的虛擬語氣. 其形式為: as if(though)+ 主語+ 動詞過去式(現(xiàn)在) could/would+動詞原形(將來) had+過去分詞(過去) e.g. *She talks as if she knew all about it. * He behaved as if nothing had happened. *She talks about it again and a

18、gain as though she would never end. 注: 在as if和 as though引導(dǎo)的句中,若主句中的謂語動詞為系動詞(appear,sound,feel,smell,taste,look),從句則用陳述語氣時(shí)居多.如: She looks as if she is going to cry. It seems as if well have to walk home.,虛擬語氣在其他情況中的應(yīng)用,5. had hoped 后跟虛擬語氣 表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,意 為”想要,希望”.從句中的謂語 動詞常用: would +動詞原形 e.g. We had hoped that you would stay with us for some time.,Its Time to Say Good-Bye,虛擬語氣在名詞性從句(主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句)中的用法.命令,建議,要求,愿望,驚訝,喜悅,遺憾,惋惜.,It is+形容詞+that從句(從句用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形,should可省) 形容詞: advisable,necessary,better,essential,strange,important,right,surprising,regretful,desi