book3 Unit7 Section C.ppt.ppt

1、Background Knowledge Text Understanding Focus on Language Check Yourself,Background Knowledge,Energy Policy Act of 2005 Federal Hybrid HOV Waiver,Section CBackground Knowledge,7,3,The Energy Policy Act of 2005 is a bill passed by the United States Congress on July 29, 2005, and signed into law by Pr

2、esident George W. Bush on August 8, 2005, at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Energy Policy Act of 2005,Section CBackground Knowledge,3,7,Federal Hybrid HOV Waiver,On 03/10/06 the House of Representatives approved a $284 billion highway bill (H.R. 3) that included a waiver fo

3、r states to be allowed to open the HOV lanes to hybrid cars rated at least 45 miles per gallon.,7,3,Section CBackground Knowledge,Text Understanding,1) What is a hybrid car? 2) Why are people in favor of hybrid cars? 3) Why do people oppose to hybrid cars?,7,3,Section CText Understanding,A car that

4、uses two or more distinct power sources.,Tax breaks, less pollution, better mileage, open roads, better performance.,Costs are higher and batteries are not safe enough when accidents take place.,1. A hybrid car is a car that uses two or more distinct power sources. （Para. 1） 混合動(dòng)力車是指使用兩種不同動(dòng)力源的汽車。,馬與汽

5、車 混合動(dòng)力車問世,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,distinct a. different in kind; separate e.g. Mozarts style is quite distinct from Haydns. 莫扎特與海頓的風(fēng)格截然不同。 Translation 這是兩個(gè)截然不同的問題。 The two issues are distinct from each other.,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,Discrimination,distinct/ distinctive distinct :意思是“獨(dú)立

6、的”，“清楚的（地）”。 distinctive:意思是“足以表示特殊的”或“有特色的”。 e.g. One of the distinctive features of htis movie is its distinct music. 這部電影的特點(diǎn)之一是它與眾不同的音樂。,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,2. Buyers of the new gas-electric hybrid cars in the U.S. between 2006 and 2007 were eligible for up to $3,400 in federal tax cre

7、dits.（Para. 2） 自2006年至2007年間，在美國，購買油電混合動(dòng)力車的人可以得到聯(lián)邦政府提供的最高$3，400的稅費(fèi)減免。,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,eligible a. qualified, suitable or fit to be chosen e.g. He is old enough to be eligible for a pension. 他已達(dá)領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金的年齡了。 Translation 年滿18歲的公民有投票資格。 Citizens who are above 18 years old are eligible to vot

8、e.,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,Tip: eligible for sth/ to do sth有資格做某事 Antonym: ineligible Discrimination eligible/ illegible 這是兩個(gè)形近單詞。eligible: 意思“合格的”、“合適的”、“可采用的” 。 它的副詞是eligibly，名詞是eligibility. illegible: 意思是“難讀的”、“難辨認(rèn)的”。 它的副詞是illegibly，名詞是illegibility.,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,3. Tax cr

9、edits are available to buyers of hybrid gasoline-electric, diesel, battery-electric, alternative fuel, and fuel cell vehicles. （Para. 3） 這一政策可惠及汽油電力混合動(dòng)力車，柴油電力混合動(dòng)力車，電池電力車，人造液體燃料動(dòng)力車和燃料電池電力車的購買者。,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,alternative a., n. available in place of sth. else; other 可選的; 另一方法 e.g. May

10、be we should have taken an alternative route. 可能我們應(yīng)該選擇了另一條路。 Translation 我們需要尋找另外一個(gè)解決方案。 We need to seek an alternative solution.,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,Usage,alternative做名詞時(shí)，有四個(gè)不同的意思： 指“兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的選擇” We have the alternative of coffee, tea, or (不用and) water. 指“兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的任何一個(gè)” The alternatives ar

11、e coffee and (不用or) tea. 指“一個(gè)以外的另一個(gè)” The alternative is tea. 指“一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上以外的另一個(gè)” We may drink either coffee or tea.,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,Discrimination,alternative(ly)/ alternate(ly) alternative(ly)：常指“兩者擇一地”， not alternative(ly)：指“也許兩者都是地”。 alternate(ly)：常指“交替的，隔一個(gè)地”， The boy and the girl co

12、me on alternate days. “這男孩和女孩每天輪流地來”或“這男孩和女孩都隔 一天一來”。 alternative后接介詞時(shí)，介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式。 The only alternative to going to see him is to write to him. 句中的to是介詞，因此只能用going，不能用go。,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,4.This allows states to open their high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to hybrid cars that get at le

13、ast 50 percent better fuel efficiency in the city and 25 percent better in combined city-highway miles over conventional models. （Para. 6） 這樣，與傳統(tǒng)的方法相比，在城市里運(yùn)行時(shí)，它至少能提高一半的燃油效率，而在城際高速路行駛時(shí)，能提高四分之一。,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,conventional a. following what is traditional or customary e.g. Giving child

14、ren red pockets on Spring Festival is a conventional custom. 春節(jié)給小孩紅包是傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣。 Translation 他開始對傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥學(xué)產(chǎn)生了極大的興趣。 He began to take a great interest in conventional medicine.,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,Discrimination,customary/ habitual/ conventional/ regular 這些形容詞均有“通常的，慣常的”之意。 customary: 指特定的個(gè)人或群體的平常習(xí)慣

15、，或 習(xí)俗性的行為。habitual: 指按個(gè)人習(xí)慣反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。側(cè)重經(jīng) 常性、習(xí)慣性。conventional: 語氣強(qiáng)，指遵守已成習(xí)慣的事情， 強(qiáng)調(diào)符合慣例，由人們普遍認(rèn)可。regular: 著重遵守約定俗成的規(guī)則。,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,5. While some states have already implemented it, many others are sure to follow suit. （Para. 6） 有些州已經(jīng)開始實(shí)施此法，相信其他州很快會(huì)效仿。,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,to fo

16、llow suit: to act or behave in the way that sb else has just done 效仿 e.g. Ones of the shops has lowered the price and the other shops are expected to follow suit. 其中一家店已經(jīng)降價(jià)，期望其他店也照辦。 Translation 這幾家日本領(lǐng)軍企業(yè)鼓動(dòng)其他日企效仿他們。 The actions of these leading Japanese companies have encouraged others to follow sui

17、t.,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,6. While this cost is justified in the long run, the initial extra cost does pinch.（Para. 8） 雖然從長期來看費(fèi)用是合理的，但這個(gè)額外的購 置成本確實(shí)是個(gè)問題。,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,justify vt. to prove or see to be just or valid e.g. It is totally justified to ask for compensation. 要求賠償是完全

18、合理的。 Translation 你怎么能對花掉這么多錢做出令人滿意的解釋呢? How can you justify spending so much money?,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,initial a. n. of or at the beginning; first e.g. My initial reaction was to refuse. 我最初的反應(yīng)是予以拒絕。 Translation 這種新式飛機(jī)在最初幾次試飛中表現(xiàn)性能良好。 The new aircraft has performed very well in its initial trials.,7,3,Section CFocus on Language,7. A perceived risk is being exposed to the batteries or their wires during a crash. However, most car manufacturers