2011全國醫(yī)學考博英語真題答案詳解_W

1、醫(yī)學考博英語歷年真題2011 年全國醫(yī)學博士外語統(tǒng)一考試英語試卷 Paper One Part IListening Comprehension (30%) Section A1.A. The man is busyC. The man is out of town on business womanA. He has a terrible backacheC. He has a toothacheA. It is fastC. It works wellB. The man has trouble breathingD. The man is hiding himself fromthe2.

2、B. He has a bad headacheD. He has a diarrheaB. It is slowD. It is not working3.4.5.A. Four daysA. He is a lawyerC. He is a travel agentA. SundayA. TwoA. To X-ray his chestB. TendaysC. One weekB. He is adoctorD. TwoweeksD. He is an immigration officer6.7.8.B. TuesdayB. ThreeC. ThursdayC. FourB. To ho

3、spitalizehimD. SaturdayD. FiveC. To perform a minor surgeryA. To go shoppingC. To change their topicA. The man is working too hardC. The man is supposed to find a jobA. Discussing a caseC. Performing a surgeryA. The womans classmateC. The womans brotherA. The man is a liarC. She does not agree with

4、the man on thatD. To transfer him to a specialistB. To go back to workD. To entertain their guestsB. The man needs to think it overD. The man has made a right decisionB. Defying a diagnosisD. Talking with the patientB. The womans boyfriendD. The womans teacherB. The man is jealous of LisaD. She will

5、 surely do the same as Lisa does9.10.11.12.13.14.15.A. 250 YuanB. 450 YuanC. 650 YuanD. 850 YuanA. She disagrees with the man thereC. It is out of the question to do thatB. She is going to change her mindD. It is possible to forgive himSection BDirections: In this section you will hear one dialogue

6、and two passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue216.A. Liver failureC. KidneyfailureA. ShapeB. Breast cancerD. Diabetes out of contro

7、l17.18.B. ColorC. PriceD. SizeA. It is much smaller than a microwaveC. It is adjustableA. It is under a clinical trialC. It is widely used in the clinicB. It leaves much room for reductionD. It is perfectB. It is available in the marketD. It is in the experimental stage19.20.A. The commercial compan

8、ies have invested a lot in the new machineB. The further development of the machine is in financial troubleC. The federal government finances the researchD. The machine will come into being in no timePassage One21.22.23.A. SuicideA. PreventableB. ObesityB. DestructiveC. TurmoilC. TreatableD. Drug ab

9、useD. CurableA. Combining antidepressants and talk therapyB. Promoting the transmission between neuronsC. Winning parental assistance and supportD. Administering effective antidepressantsA. Because it adds to the effect oftreatmentB. Because it works better than the medicationsC. Because it can take

10、 the place of antidepressantsD. Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants24.25.A. 65 percentB. 75 percentC. 85 percentD. 95 percentPassage Two26.A. Helplessness and worthlessnessC. Suicidal feelingB. Feeling like a loserD. All of the above27.A. It encourages the patient to be a top student

11、at schoolB. It motivates the patient to work better than othersC. It makes it easy for the patient to make friendsD. It helps the patient hold a positive attitudeA. By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at schoolB. By urging the patient to face any challenge in realityC. By making the patien

12、t aware of his or her existenceD. By changing the patients perspective28.29.A. Those who stop taking antidepressantsC. Those who are on the medicationsB. Those who ask for more medicationsD. Those who abuse the medications30.A. AnxiousnessB. NauseaC. FeverD. InsomniaPart IIVocabulary (10%)Section A3

13、Directions: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Beneath each of them are given four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completesthe sentence. Then, mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31.There are many doctors who have endeavored t

14、o increase the of their behavioras medical professionals.A. transactionB. transformation C. transmissionD. transparency32.He seemed most to my idea which was exceptionally creative.A. alienB. ambulantC. amiableD. amenable33.The first attempts at gene therapy have mostly , but technique will surely b

15、emade to work eventually.A. stumbledB. stammeredC. striddenD. strutted34.She is admitted to the hospital with complaints of upper abdominal pain and forfatty foods.A. preferenceB. persistenceC. intoleranceD. appetence35.By sheer, I met the old classmate we had been discussing yesterday.A. coincidenc

16、eAs the drugs began toA. wear offB. coherenceC. collaborationD. collocation36., the pain began to take hold again.B. put offC. all offD. show off37.The environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the medical technologies.A. approachingB. impracticableC. sophisticatedD. transient3

17、8.At last, she some reasons for his strange behavior.A. abolishedB. admonishedC. abstainedD. adduced39.Doctors are concerned with health of people from to the grave.A. conceptionB. receptionC. deceptionD. perception40.In more examinations, the blood is tested in a multichannel analyzer machinefor ab

18、normities.A. conciseSection BB. deviousC. elaborateD. feasibleDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted fo

19、r the underlined part. Mark the letter ofyour choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.She fell awkwardly and broke her leg.A. embarrassinglyB. reluctantlyC. clumsilyD. dizzily42.Throughout most of the recorded history, medicine was anything but scientific.A. more orlessB. by andlargeC. more often than notD. b

20、y nomeans43.The students were captivated by the way the physician presented the case.4A. illuminatedB. fascinatedC. alienatedD. hallucinated44.We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data, a productor a financial reward.A. intelligibleB. infinitiveC. substantialD. d

21、eficient45.But diets that restrict certain food groups or promise unrealistic results are difficult orunhealthy to sustain over time.A. maintain The molecular medicine.A. specialtiesB. reserveC. conceiveD. empower46.influence pervades all the traditional disciplines underlying clinicalB. principlesC

22、. rationalesD. doctrines47.One usually becomes aware of the onset of puberty through its somatic manifestations.A. juvenileB. potentC. physicalD. matured48.His surgical procedure should succeed, for it seems quite feasible.A. rationalB. reciprocalC. versatileD. viable49.These are intensely important

23、 questions about quality and the benefits of specialty careand experience.A. irresistiblyB. vitallyC. potentiallyD. intriguinglyThis guide gives you information on the best self-care strategies and the latest medicaladvances.50.A. tendsPart III Cloze (10%)B. techniquesC. notionsD. breakthroughsDirec

24、tions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark theletter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Whenever people go and live in another country, they have new experiences an

25、d new feelings. They experience culture shock. Many people have a (n) 51 about culture shock: they think that its just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country. But this isnt really true. Culture shock is a completely natural 52 , and everybody goes 53 it in a newcultu

26、re.There are four stages, or steps, in culture shock. When people first arrive in a new country, theyre usually excited and 54 . Everything is interesting. They notice that a lot of things are 55 their own culture, and this surprises them and makes them happy. This is Stage One.In Stage Two, people

27、notice how different the new culture is from their own culture. They become confused. It seems difficult to do even very simple things. They feel 56 . They spend a lot of time 57 or with other people from their own country. They think, “My problems are all because Im living in this country.”Then, in

28、 Stage Three, they begin to understand the new culture better. They begin to likesome new customs. They 58some people in the new country. Theyre 595comfortable and relaxed.In Stage Four, they feel very comfortable. They have good friends in the new culture. They understand the new customs. Some cust

29、oms are similar to their culture, and some aredifferent, but thats OK. They can 60it.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.A. accountA. transitionA. forA. frightenedA. representative ofA. intoxicatedA. lonelyA. make friendswithB. reflectionB. exchangeB. throughB. confusedB. differentfromB. depressedB. aloneC. ver

30、ificationC. immigrationC. afterC. uneasyC. peculiar toC. amazedC. loneD. misconceptionD. selectionD. aboutD. happyD. similar toD. thrilledD. onlyB. make transactionswithC. hold hostilitytoD. shut the door to59.60.A. hardlyA. live with ofB. moreB. do withoutC. veryC. hold upwithD. lessD. make a succe

31、ssPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OnePatients can reca

32、ll what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they dont wake up, concludes a new study.Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of things that happened while they were being operated on. But failure by other resear

33、chers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations.Gitta Lubke, Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using bispectral an

34、alysis, a technique which measures changes in brainwave patterns in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery. Before this study, researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation, says Lubke.Lubke studied 96 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery, many of whom were

35、 too severely injured to tolerate full anesthesia. During surgery, each patient wore headphones through which a series of 16 words was repeated for 3 minutes each. At the same time,bispectral analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia.6After the operation, Lubke tested the patients by showing them th

36、e first three letters of a word, such as “l(fā)im”, and asking them to complete it. Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery “l(fā)imit”, for example chose that word an average of 11 percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list. None of the

37、patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word lists.Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized. But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.This finding, which will be publishe

38、d in the journal Anesthesiology, could mean thatoperating theatre staff should be more discreet. What they say during surgery may distress patients afterwards, says Philip Merikle, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, Ontario.61.Scientists have found that deep anesthesia .A.B.C.D.is likely

39、to affect hearingcannot block surgeons wordscan cause serious damages to memoryhelps retain conscious or subconscious memories62.By the new study, the technique of bispectral analysis helps the scientists .A.B.C.D.acquire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgery decide whet

40、her the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memories relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgeryassure the depth of anesthesia during surgery63.To test the patients,the scientists .A.B.C.D.prepared two lists of wordsused ninety-six headphones for listening

41、 conducted the whole experiment for three minutesvoiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery64.The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients .A.B.C.D.to regain consciousness under the knifeto tell one word from another after surgery to recall w

42、hat had been heard during surgeryto overreact to deep anesthesia in the course of operations65.What we can infer from the finding .A.B.C.D.how surgical malpractice can be prevented why a surgeon cannot be toocarefulwhy surgeons should hold their tongues during surgeryhow the postoperative patients c

43、an retain subconscious memoriesPassage TwoScientists used to believe adult brains did not grow any new neurons, but it has emerged7that new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats, birds and even humans. Understanding the process could be important for finding ways to treat diseases such as A

44、lzheimers in which neurons are destroyed.Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus, a structure involved in learning and memory. But they rarely survive more than a few weeks. “We thought they were possibly dying because they were deprived of some sort of input,” says Elizabe

45、th Gould, a neuroscientist at Princeton. Because of the location, Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons survival, and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick.To test this, they injected adult male rats with a substance that labeled n

46、ewborn neurons so that they could be tracked. Later, they gave some of the rats standard tasks. One involved using visual and spatial cues, such as posters on a wall, to learn to find a platform hidden under murky water. In another, the rats learnt to associate a noise with a tiny shock half a secon

47、d later. Both these tasks use the hippocampus if this structure is damaged, rats cant do themMeanwhile, the researchers gave other rats similar tasks that did not require the hippocampus: finding a platform that was easily visible in water, for instance. Other members of the control group simply pad

48、dled in a tub of water or listened to noises.The team report in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others. “Learning opportunities increase the number of neurons,” says Gould.But Fred Gage and his co

49、lleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, dispute this. In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience, they report that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons survive.Gould thinks the difference arose because the groups labeled new neurons at

50、different times. Her team gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled, when the new cells would normally be dying. She thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early for new neurons to benefit. “By the time the cells were degenerating, the animals were notlearning anythin

51、g,” she says.66.Not until recently did scientists find out that .A.B.C.D.new neurons could grow in adult brains neurons could be man-made in the laboratory neurons were destroyed in Alzheimers diseasehumans could produce new neurons as animals67.Goulds notion was that the short-lived neurons .A.B.C.

52、D.did survive longer than expectedwould die much sooner than expected could could actually better learning and memorycould be kept alive by stimulating the hippocampus868.Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the test?A. The water usedC. The neurons newly

53、bornGould theorizes that the Salk to .B. The noises playedD. The hippocampus involvedfailure to report the same results was due69.groupsA. the timing of labeling new neuronsC. the wrongly labeled neuronsB. the frequency of stimulationD. the types of learning tasks70.Which of the following can be the

54、 best title for the passage?A. Use It or Lose ItC. To Be or Not to BeB. Learn to SurviveD. Stay Mentally HealthyPassage ThreeHeres yet another reason to lose weight. Heavier people are more likely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people.That could mean car designers wi

55、ll have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers. In the US, car manufacturers have already had to redesign air bags so they inflate to lower pressures making them less of a danger to smaller women and children. But no one yet knows what it is

56、that puts overweight passengers at extra risk.A study carried out in Seattle, Washington, looked at more than 26,000 people who had been involved in car crashes, and found that heavier people were at far more risk. People weighing between 100 and 119 kilograms are almost two-and-a-half times as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than 60 kilograms.And importantly, the same trend held up when the rese