初中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)全.ppt

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/ has +過去分詞,now,past,future,一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),一般過去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,過去分詞的構(gòu)成,1.直接加-ed。如：play-played 2.以字母e結(jié)尾的直接加d 。如：name-named 3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed。如：carry-carried 4.重讀閉音節(jié)且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped,1) 表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。 Now we have pl

2、anted all the trees. He has just come back. They have built many buildings in this city.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法,2) 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。 Someone has broken the window. (窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的) I have already lost the key. (我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙) I havent read that book yet . (不了解書的內(nèi)容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干凈的),常與already(已經(jīng)), yet

3、(已經(jīng)), just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng))等詞連用.,already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑問句尾.,在以上兩種用法中常跟already, notyet, never, just, before, ever, recently等時(shí)間繼續(xù)下去的狀語。,3) 表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born . Has he lived in Shenzhen

4、for 4 years?,常與for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間短語或從句連用.,for+ 時(shí)間段 since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) , since+ 句子,since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間 “自從” for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 “長(zhǎng)達(dá)” I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.,比較since和for,注意：

5、并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Present perfect 句型,1.肯定句 “主語 + have（has）過去分詞”。 注意：該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。 .疑問句 have（has) + 主語 + 過去分詞 （ 回答用“Yes，have（has） “ No，havent（hasnt）” ） .否定句

6、：主語+ “havent（hasnt）過去分詞”。,I have eaten my lunch.,She has eaten her lunch.,He has eaten his lunch.,肯定句,They have eaten their lunch.,I have not (havent) seen the film.,She has not (hasnt) seen the film.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式： have not (havent) +過去分詞 has not (hasnt) +過去分詞,I havent eaten supper. eat-eaten He hasnt

7、 changed his idea. change-changed My mother hasnt come back home. come-come,否定句,Ive already had dinner. I _ _ dinner _. 2. He has just finished his homework. He _ _ his homework _. 3. Mums cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner. 4. Susans learned English at school. Susan _ _ English at school.,havent

8、,had,yet,hasnt,finished,yet,hasnt cooked,hasnt,learned,把下列句子改為否定句,Have you eaten your breakfast?,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句形式 Have/has 提前+過去分詞,Have you known Sandy for a long time? Yes, I have/ No, I havent. know-known Has she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m. Yes, she has/ No, she hasnt. eat-eaten,疑問句,Ive already ha

9、d dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner. 4. Susans learned English at school.,Have you already had dinner?,Has he just finished his homework?,Has mum cooked the dinner?,Has Susan learned English at school?,把下列句子改為一般疑問句,（for+表示一段時(shí)間的詞組，since+表示過去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組）謂語只可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.,

10、eg.- Ive lived here for 15 years. eg.- Ive lived here since 15 years ago(1990),選用for和since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have be

11、en dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time,for,since,for,since,for,since,注意: 瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和時(shí)間段連用.,method 1:,動(dòng)作,die,be over,leave,borrow/buy,arrive,begin,end/finish,join,marry,keep/had,be away,be here,be on(上演）,be married,be in,be dead,他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。 Nick 參軍3年了. 他離開深圳好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。 這本書我已借了4個(gè)月了.,His

12、 grandpa has been dead for 2 years.,Nick has been in the army for 3 years.,He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.,I have kept the book for 4 months.,method 2:,It is + 時(shí)間段 since + 一般過去時(shí)的句子.,他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。 Nick 參軍3年了. 他離開深圳好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。 這本書我已借了4個(gè)月了.,It is 2 years since his grandpa died.,It is 3 years

13、since Nick joined the army.,It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.,It is 4 months since I borrowed the book .,He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago

14、. -He has had the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago. 5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (keys),6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began

15、30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined

16、the army.,6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an

17、hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army.,1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。,I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的

18、內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）,2）一般過去時(shí) 常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用; 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。,一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時(shí)間狀語,He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已經(jīng))去上海了。,He h

19、as been to Shanghai. 他(曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。,比較 have/has been to have/has gone to,He went to Shanghai last week.,他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海 在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了,他已經(jīng)去上海了 也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里,上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海,He has been to Shanghai.,He has gone to Shanghai.,He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.,他呆在上海迄今為止已

20、經(jīng)10年了 現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢,辨析這些句子 由時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)致的 含義上的差別,動(dòng)詞填空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(come) here? Once.,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,s

21、een,did,see,saw,have,come,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never. 9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,Have,ridden,has