機(jī)床夾具的分類與構(gòu)成#中英文翻譯#外文翻譯匹配

畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 翻譯題目 : 機(jī)床夾具的分類與構(gòu)成 學(xué)生姓名 : 張麗 所在班級(jí) : 機(jī)教 042 Machine classification and pose fixture 1 fixture in the role of machining Workpiece clamping fixture is a kind of process equipment, it is widely used in mechanical machining of the manufacturing process, heat treatment, assembly, welding and testing processes. In the use of metal-cutting machine tools collectively referred to as the jig fixture. n a modern production machine is an indispensable fixture of the process equipment, machining of the workpiece, the processing requirements in order to ensure. First of all to the workpiece and the machine tool relative to a correct position, and this location during processing does not change the impact of external forces. To this end, during the pre-machining, workpiece clamping must be good. There are two ways to clamp workpiece: one is directly clamping the workpiece in the machine table or on the chuck; The other is the workpiece in the fixture on the fixture. The first method used when the workpiece clamping, the general design requirements have to press lines in the surface to draw the size and location, clamping, or when the needle is zoned dial indicator to find is after the clamping. This method need special equipment, but low efficiency, are generally used for one-piece and small batch production. Large quantities, mostly with the workpiece clamping fixture. With the merits of the workpiece clamping fixtures are as follows: (l) Guarantee the stability of the machining accuracy of workpiece. Workpieces with clamping fixture, the workpiece relative to the location of tool and machine tool to ensure the accuracy of the fixture from the technical level of workers, so that a number of workpiece machining accuracy of the line. (2) To improve labor productivity. Workpiece clamping fixture can facilitate the user easily、 rapidly, and the workpiece does not need to find is crossed, can significantly reduce the supplementary working hours, to improve labor productivity; workpiece in the fixture after the fixture to improve the rigidity of the workpiece, thus cutting the amount of increase, to improve labor productivity; can use more pieces of multi-workpiece clamping fixture, and the use of efficient clamping bodies, to further improve labor productivity. (3) To expand the use of machine tools. Machine tools in general use a dedicated machine tool fixture can expand the scope of the process and give full play to the potential of machine tools to achieve a multi-machine use. For example, the use of a dedicated fixture can be easily Lathe processing small box to the workpiece. Even in the lathe out of oil, a reduction of expensive dedicated machines, reducing the cost, which is particularly important for small and medium-sized factories. (4) To improve the operators working conditions. As the pneumatic, hydraulic, electro-magnetic power source, such as the application in the fixture, on the one hand to reduce the labor intensity of workers; the other hand, it guarantees the reliability of the workpiece clamping, and to achieve the interlocking machine, to avoid accidents, ensure the operator safety and machine tool equipment (5) To reduce costs. In mass production after the use of fixture, from stem to increase labor productivity, lower level technical workers, as well as lower scrap and other reasons, obviously to reduce the production costs. Fixture manufacturing cost-sharing in a group of workpieces, each workpiece to increase the cost is very minimal, far less than as a result of increased labor productivity and reduce costs. The greater volume of workpiece, fixture made to use has become more significant economic benefits. 2 Fixture Category 2.1 General characteristics of the fixture by Category According to the production in different types of fixtures in the common characteristics of machine tool fixture fixture can be divided into general, special fixtures, adjustable clamp, and automatic line of modular fixture fixture, such as: (l) General Fixture. Universal fixture refers to the structure, size has been standardized, and has a certain universal fixture. This type of fixture adaptable, can be used to setup the scope of a certain shape and size of various parts.(2)A dedicated fixture. This type of fixture is designed for a particular part of the processing procedures and the design and manufacture. Relatively stable in the product, the production of larger quantities, used a variety of special fixtures, access to higher productivity and machining accuracy. (3) Adjustable fixture. Adjustable fixture for general fixture and special fixture and the defects developed a new kind of fixture. Of different types and sizes of the workpiece, simply adjust or replace the fixture at the original location of the individual components and will be used to clamp components. （ 4) Modular Fixture. Modular fixture is a modular fixture. Standard components of the module with high precision and resistance to abrasion, can be assembled into a variety of fixtures. Removable fixture used to clean the assembly after the new fixture left. （ 5) Automatic line fixture. Automatic line clamp generally divided into two categories: fixed-type fixture, which is similar to a dedicated fixture; other accompanying a fixture for the use of the workpiece in the fixture, together with the movement, and automatic workpiece along the line from a move to the next position position for processing. 2.2 Classification by the use of machine tools Classification By the use of machine tools can be divided into lathe jig fixtures, milling fixtures, drilling fixtures, hang-bed fixture, jig gear machine, CNC machine tool fixture, automatic machine tool fixtures, accompanied by automatic line, and other fixtures, such as machine tools. This is a special fixture design of the classification method used. Dedicated fixture design, the machine group, the type and the main parameters have been determined. Their difference is the cutting forming machine tool movements, so the connection fixture with the machine in different ways. Machining accuracy of their different requirements. 2.3 Clamping fixture according to the power source Clamping fixture according to the power source can be divided into manual fixture, pneumatic fixtures, hydraulic fixtures, gas fixtures by force, electromagnetic fixture, vacuum fixtures, fixture, such as centrifugal force. 3 the composition of fixture Although the structure of machine tool fixture range, but their components can be summarized as the following sections. (1) Positioning components. Typically, when the shape of the workpiece datum position established, the position will be the basic components of the structure identified (2) Clamping device. Positioning of the workpiece in the fixture, the need to clamp the workpiece before processing to ensure that the workpiece during processing is not due to external force and undermine its position. (3) The specific folder. Fixture and the skeleton matrix, all the components through the fixture it will constitute a whole. (4) Of the knife or the guide. Tool used to determine position relative to the correct position of components. Of the knife device common in milling fixture. Used to adjust the cutter knife block position before machining. (5) To connect components. Connected components in the machine tool fixture is todetermine the correct position on the component, therefore, can double as a specific folder to connect components. Lathe fixture on the transition plate, the positioning of milling machine fixture on key components are connected. (6) Other devices or components. According to the processing needs, some degree fixture device were used by mode device, the whole device, and the balance of the top block and so on. These components or devices specially designed need. 機(jī)床夾具的分類與構(gòu)成 1 機(jī)床夾具在機(jī)械加工中的作用 夾具 是 一種裝夾工件的工藝裝備，它廣泛地應(yīng)用于機(jī)械制造過(guò)程的切削加工、熱處理、裝配、焊接和檢測(cè)等工藝過(guò)程中。在金屬切削機(jī)床上使用的夾具統(tǒng)稱為 機(jī)床夾具 。 在現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)中，機(jī)床夾具是一種不可缺少的工藝裝備， 對(duì)工件進(jìn)行機(jī)械加工時(shí)，為了保證加工要求，首先要使工件相對(duì)于刀具及機(jī)床有正確的位置，并使這個(gè)位置在加工過(guò)程中不因外力的影響而變動(dòng)。為此，在進(jìn)行機(jī)械加工前，先要將工件裝夾好。工件的裝夾方法有兩種 :一種是工件直接裝夾在機(jī)床的工作臺(tái)或卡盤上 ;另一種是工件裝夾在夾具上。采用 第一種方法裝夾工件時(shí)，一般要先按圖樣要求在工件表面劃線，劃出加工表面的尺寸和位置，裝夾時(shí)用劃針或百分表找正后再夾緊。這種方法無(wú)需專用裝備，但效率低，一般用于單件和小批量生產(chǎn)。批量較大時(shí)，大都用夾具裝夾工件。用夾具裝夾工件的優(yōu)點(diǎn)如下 : (l)穩(wěn)定地保證工件的加工精度。用夾具裝夾工件時(shí)，工件相對(duì)于刀具及機(jī)床的位置精度由夾具保證，不受工人技術(shù)水平的影響，使一批工件的加工精度趨于一致。 (2)提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。使用夾具裝夾工件方便、快速，工件不需要?jiǎng)澗€找正，可顯著地減少輔助工時(shí)，提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率 ;工件在夾具中裝夾后提高了工件的剛性，因此可加大切削用量，提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率 ;可使用多件、多工位裝夾工件的夾具，并可采用高效夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)，進(jìn)一步提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。 (3)擴(kuò)大機(jī)床的使用范圍。在通用機(jī)床上采用專用夾具可以擴(kuò)大機(jī)床的工藝范圍，充分發(fā)揮機(jī)床的潛力，達(dá)到一機(jī)多用的目的。例如，使用專用夾具可以在普通車床上很方便地加工小型箱體類工件。甚至在車床上拉出油槽，減少了昂貴的專用機(jī)床，降低了成本，這對(duì)中小型工廠尤其重 要。 (4)改善操作者的勞動(dòng)條件。由于氣動(dòng)、液壓、電磁等動(dòng)力源在夾具中的應(yīng)用，一方面減輕了工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度 ;另一方面也保證了夾緊工件的可靠性，并能實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)床的互鎖，避免事故，保證了操作者和機(jī)床設(shè)備的安全。 (5)降低成本。在批量生產(chǎn)使用夾具后，由干勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的提高，使技術(shù)等級(jí)較低的工人以及廢品率下降等原因，明顯地降低了生產(chǎn)成本。 夾具制造成本分?jǐn)傇谝慌ぜ?，每個(gè)工件增加的成本是極少的，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于由于提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率而降低的成本。工件批量愈大，使用夾具所取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益就愈顯著。 2 夾具的分類 2.1 按夾具的通用特 性分類 根據(jù)夾具在不同生產(chǎn)類型中的通用特性，機(jī)床夾具可分為通用夾具、專用夾具、可調(diào)夾具、組合夾具和自動(dòng)線夾具等 :(l)通用夾具。通用