英語：Unit2Cloning知識講解語言點（人教版選修8）

1、Unit 2 Cloning語言點學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)重點詞匯differundertake obtain forbid accumulate resist object attain owe bother strike 重點短語pay off cast down have impact on in favor of be bound to dofrom time to time / bring back to life in vain in good/ poor condition 重點句型Then came the news that.知識講解重點詞匯differ【原句回放】Think about h

2、ow they differ. 考慮一下它們有怎樣的不同?！军c撥】differ vi. 有區(qū)別，與.相異，不同于常見搭配：differ from 與.不同/有區(qū)別（=be different from） differ from/ with 與.意見不一致（=disagree with）differ with sb. on/ about sth. 對某事與某人意見不同 differ in 在方面不同Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他們的房子和我不同，區(qū)別在于沒有車庫。I differ with him on how to so

3、lve the problem. 怎樣解決這個問題我和他有分歧?！就卣埂縟ifference n. 差異, 差別 different adj. 不同的常見搭配：be different from 與不同 make a difference 有差別, 有關(guān)系make some (no not much .) difference 有（沒有不太大的.）關(guān)系undertake【原句回放】It is difficult task to undertake. 這是一項艱難的任務(wù)?！军c撥】 undertake (undertook, undertaken) vt. 從事，著手，承擔(dān) 常用搭配：undert

4、ake to do sth. 答應(yīng)/同意做某事 undertake that 保證/答應(yīng) undertake for . 為.負(fù)責(zé)The lawyer undertook the case without a fee. 這位律師免費承辦了這個案件。I undertook to teach the children English. 我答應(yīng)教孩子們英語。I cant undertake that you will make a profit. 我不能保證你會贏利?！就卣埂縰ndertaking n. 任務(wù)，事業(yè)；許諾，保證He was required to give a written und

5、ertaking not to disclose the details of their contract.他被要求提供書面承諾不泄露合同的細(xì)節(jié)。 obtain 【原句回放】Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain. 盡管目前供克隆研究的人類卵細(xì)胞和胚胎很難獲得.【點撥】obtain vt. & vi. （尤指經(jīng)努力）獲得，贏得 I havent been able to obtain that book. 我還沒有得到那本書。Furt

6、her information can be obtained from head office by calling up the secretary. 進(jìn)一步的信息可以通過給秘書打電話從總公司獲取?！就卣埂?區(qū)別：obtain，acquire，gain，get1. obtain意為“獲得，取得”，不含難以達(dá)到之意，但可能經(jīng)歷了較長時間。2. acquire多用于通過不斷“學(xué)”、“問”等慢慢地獲得“學(xué)問，技術(shù)”等較為抽象的東西。3. gain 含義較obtain近一層，表示付出更大的努力才能獲得，故意為“贏得”。4. 普通用語，get指“以某種方法或手段得到某種東西”。Did you get

7、 my telegram last Sunday? 上周你收到電報了嗎？He obtained experience through practice. 他通過練習(xí)獲取了經(jīng)驗。We should try to acquire good habits. 我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣。I hope you will gain greater success. 我希望你會獲得成功。forbid 【原句回放】Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 有些政府開始改革司法制度，明令禁止進(jìn)行克隆

8、人類的研究.【點撥】 forbid (forbade, forbidden ) vt. 禁止，不準(zhǔn)常用搭配：forbid doing禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do 禁止某人做某事 forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 音樂廳禁止吸煙。Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. 大多數(shù)父母都認(rèn)可禁止孩子吸煙。Women in that country are forbidden from go

9、ing out without a veil.那個國家的女性不帶面紗禁止出門?！就卣埂繀^(qū)別forbid，ban，prohibit三者都含“禁止”的意思。1. forbid 常用詞, 指“命令某人不做某事”。2. ban 語氣較重, 指權(quán)威機(jī)關(guān)“正式禁止”, 含“嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)”之意,只能用事物作其賓語。3. prohibit指“通過法律或政府法令禁止”。如:The doctor forbids him to smoke. 醫(yī)生禁止他吸煙。Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器!The soldiers were prohibited from leavi

10、ng camp after dark. 天黑后士兵們嚴(yán)禁離開營房。accumulate 【原句回放】. but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. .但是其他國家，如中國和英國，則仍然在繼續(xù)收集克隆技術(shù)有可能提供豐富的醫(yī)療救助的證據(jù)?！军c撥】accumulate vt. & vi. 積累, 堆積；（強調(diào)“經(jīng)過一段比較長的時間由少到多的積累”）The company has ac

11、cumulated great wealth within a few years. 幾年來，這家公司已經(jīng)積累了一大筆財富。However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the London Zoo felt obliged to investigate.然而，隨著這種跡象越來越明顯，來自倫敦動物園的專家們被迫開始了調(diào)查?！就卣埂?accumulation n.積聚,累積量 accumulative adj. 累積的，漸增的resist 【原句回放】The advantage is that if there is a n

12、ew illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其優(yōu)點是，如果發(fā)生了某種新的疾病，這類動物中的一些可能會死去，而另外一些卻能存活下來，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代?！军c撥】resist v. 抵抗，對抗常用搭配：resist doing sth. 忍住/抵制做某事She resisted being carried off. 她拒絕被帶走。A balanced diet wi

13、ll increase your ability to resist infection. 飲食均衡會增強你抗感染的能力。I couldnt resist telling him the secret. 我克制不住只得把秘密告訴了他?！就卣埂縭esistance n. 抵制，抗拒 resistant adj. 有抵抗力的【高清課堂：Unit 2 Cloning詞語精講】object 【原句回放】On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media

14、 and public imagination. 另一方面，多莉的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強烈的反對，對媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。【點撥】object1）n. 物體,對象C （注意重音在第一個音節(jié)）I dont know the names of the objects in this lab. 我不知道這個實驗室中物品的名稱。She became anobjectof worship. 她成為一個崇拜的對象。2）n.目的,宗旨CWhat is the object of his visit? 他的造訪是什么目的呢？The object of this class is to learn v

15、ocabulary. 這次課的目標(biāo)是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯。3）v. 反對（注意重音在第二個音節(jié)）常用搭配：object to 反對 （to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞） No one objected to carrying out the plan. 沒有人反對執(zhí)行這個計劃。Many peopleobjectto experimentation on animals. 很多人反對在動物身上做實驗。【拓展】objection 反對，不贊成，異議attain 【原句回放】.newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to atta

16、in their ambitions. 報紙報道說，有些邪惡頭目希望把自己克隆出來以實現(xiàn)他們的野心。【點撥】attain v. 達(dá)到;獲得（多接抽象的東西）They are not likely to attain this aim. 他們并沒有可能實現(xiàn)這個目標(biāo)。Im determined toattainmy purpose at any cost. 我下定決心要達(dá)到我的目的，不達(dá)目的不罷休。Can youattainthe goal you have set yourselves? 你能達(dá)到你為自己設(shè)定的目標(biāo)嗎？The tree in front of my house haveattai

17、nedto a great height. 我家門前的這棵樹已經(jīng)長到了很高的高度。（attain是不及物動詞，to 到達(dá).）He has achieved heights that I can never hope toattainto.他已經(jīng)達(dá)到我永遠(yuǎn)也無法達(dá)到的高度。owe 【原句回放】You owe the lady an apology. 你應(yīng)該向這位女士道歉?！军c撥】owe 1）vt. 欠(債等)I owe the landlord one hundred dollars. 我欠房東100美元。= I owe one hundred dollars to the landlord.Y

18、ou owe yourself a holiday. 你該給自己放個假。2）vt. 感激 (+to)We owe a great deal to our parents. 我們應(yīng)該感激父母/我們虧欠父母很多。3）應(yīng)該把歸功于(+to)We owe to Newton the principle of gravity. 我們把地心引力原理歸功于牛頓。（the principle of gravitation是賓語，因為過長而后置）【拓展】You owe me one. 你欠我個人情。bother 【原句回放】However, the problem that she later develope

19、d a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 然而，不久后她染上嚴(yán)重肺病的問題困擾著科學(xué)家。【點撥】bother vt. & vi. 煩擾,打攪,使惱怒,使困惑常用搭配：bother sb. 使某人惱怒/困惑bother about/with 因為.而煩心bother to do sth. 費心去做某事I cant bother him with my little affairs. 我不能因為這點小事就打擾他。The way my brother talked to mother bothered me. 我兄弟跟媽媽談話的方式很生氣。The c

20、omplexities of interpersonal relations bothered her. （此句中bother相當(dāng)于confuse）人與人之間的關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性真讓她困惑。Dont bother about that trifling matter. 不要因為區(qū)區(qū)小事而煩心。 You neednt bother to come to my office. 你不用特別麻煩來我辦公室了?！就卣埂縝other n. 煩惱,麻煩 注意：bother一般是不可數(shù)名詞，但有時具體化，成為可數(shù)名詞，表示具體的“煩人的人或事”。We had a lot of bother finding a va

21、cant apartment. 我們費了很大的勁才找到一間空的公寓。Tom is a bother to his teacher. 湯姆是老師的大麻煩。strike 【原句回放】The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts. 在侏羅紀(jì)公園這部影片中，有一位科學(xué)家克

22、隆了好幾種不同的絕種恐龍。類似這樣的電影很受歡迎，證明了這一想法使人們感到既恐懼又興奮?！军c撥】strike（struck，struck）vt.& vi. 打,擊,撞，擦(火柴)；（某種想法）突然出現(xiàn)；打動，迷住；(鐘)敲響報(時)，（災(zāi)難、疾?。┣忠u；罷工 常用短語：strike . into ones heart 使.刻骨銘心He struck me with a stick. 他用棍子打我。How does the plan strike you? 你感覺那計劃怎么樣？An idea suddenly struck（=hit）me. 我心中忽然產(chǎn)生一個念頭。The workers wer

23、e striking because they wanted more money.工人們在罷工，因為他們要求增加工資。The clock is striking twelve. 鐘正敲響12點。The area was struck (=hit) by an outbreak of cholera. 那一地區(qū)爆發(fā)了霍亂。The word “cancer” still strikes terror into many hearts. “癌癥”這個詞仍然使很多人感到恐懼。注意：表示“（某種想法）突然出現(xiàn)，（自然災(zāi)難）侵襲”時，也可以用hit?！就卣埂縮trike n. 攻擊；罷工The stri

24、ke is due to begin on Tuesday. 罷工預(yù)定于星期二開始。 重點短語pay off 【原句回放】But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是決心和耐心使科學(xué)家們最終于1996年收獲了突破性的結(jié)果克隆羊“多莉”?！军c撥】pay off 取得成功，得到好的結(jié)果；償還，還清（債務(wù)等）His four years of hard work paid off a

25、nd he got the position. 他四年的努力有了好結(jié)果，他贏得了那個職位。The couple spent ten years paying off the debts. 這對夫妻花了10年時間還清了債務(wù)?！就卣埂肯嚓P(guān)短語：pay (sb.) for. 支付（給某人）.的費用pay back 報復(fù)，報答，償還，償付pay attention to. 注意.pay a visit to. 拜訪，參觀cast down 【原句回放】Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more ap

26、propriate to a much older animal. 研究克隆的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉得的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上，這讓他們很沮喪?！军c撥】cast down 使沮喪, 使氣餒（常用于被動語態(tài)，表示“感到沮喪”）注意：cast的過去式、過去分詞與原形一樣。He was much cast down by the failure of the experiment. 實驗的失敗使他非常沮喪。Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. 不要這樣低沉，要保持高昂的情緒。have (a great) impact on 【原句回放】On t

27、he other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面，多莉的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強烈的反對，對媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響?！军c撥】have (a great) impact on 對有巨大影響。The anti-smoking campaign has had quite a great impact on young people. 這場反對吸煙的運動對年輕人有極大的影響。This book

28、 made a great impact on its readers. 這本書對其讀者產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響?！就卣埂縤mpact n. 撞擊，沖擊；巨大的影響in favor of 【原句回放】Is it in favor of cloning or against cloning? 它是贊成克隆行為還是反對克隆行為？【點撥】in favour of贊成，支持The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team. 比分80比78，客隊領(lǐng)先。The exchange rate is in our favour today. 今天的匯率對我們有利?！就?/p>

29、展1】含favour的短語：in sbs favour 對某人有利，受某人的歡迎 do sb. a favour 幫某人個忙ask sb. a favour 請某人幫忙【拓展2】表示“贊成”的其它短語：be for sb. / sth. 支持某人/某事stand on sbs side 支持某人，站在某人一邊stand by sb. 支持某人反義短語：be against sb./ sth. 反對某人/ 某事 object to 反對be bound to do【原句回放】Dollys death, like her birth, was bound to raise worries. 多莉之

30、死，正如她的出生一樣，注定會帶來焦慮?！军c撥】be bound to (do) 肯定會，一定會，注定會 （bound adj. 一定的，必定的）The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天氣一定會變好。Youve done so much work that you are bound to pass the exam.你已經(jīng)做了這么努力，你肯定會通過考試。from time to time / bring back to life 【原句回放】 From time to time people suggest that extinct an

31、imals like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning. 不時地會有人提議，克隆技術(shù)將有可能使地球上已經(jīng)消失的動物（如恐龍）復(fù)活?！军c撥1】from time to time 有時，偶爾They come to see us from time to time. 他們有時過來看看我們。The car manufacturers changed the car models from time to time.汽車制造商不時地改變車的設(shè)計?！就卣埂勘硎尽坝袝r，偶爾”的表達(dá)法(every) now and

32、 then at times occasionally once in a while【點撥2】bring back to life 使更有趣，使更生動，使恢復(fù)生機(jī)；使復(fù)活，蘇醒Flowers can bring a dull room back to life. 鮮花可以使沉悶的房間恢復(fù)生機(jī)。The doctor tried his best to bring her back to life. 那位醫(yī)生盡最大努力把她救活了?！就卣埂亢琤ring的短語：bring about 導(dǎo)致，引起bring back 把.帶回來，使恢復(fù)（健康）bring down 打倒，降低，減少bring forw

33、ard 提出，提議，把.提前bring in 收獲，收進(jìn)（農(nóng)作物）；掙得，賺入bring up 養(yǎng)育，撫養(yǎng)in vain 【原句回放】All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.【點撥】in vain 白費力氣，枉費心機(jī)All our efforts were in vain. 我們所有的努力都付諸東流了。He tried in vain to catch the butterfly on the flower. 他白費力氣想抓住停在花上的蝴蝶?！就卣埂繋n的短語：in adv