高中英語 unit4 第2課時Learning about Language 新人教版必修3

1、成才之路 英語,路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版 必修3,Astronomy：the science of the stars,Unit 4,第二課時Learning about Language 名詞性從句：主語從句,Unit 4,說出that/what/whether所引導(dǎo)的從句在主句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，及引?dǎo)詞的功能。 What it was to become was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. (what引導(dǎo)_從句，并在

2、從句中充當(dāng)_) The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. (whether引導(dǎo)_從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. (what引導(dǎo)_從句，并在從句中充當(dāng)_) What many scientists believe is that the continued presence

3、of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (what引導(dǎo)_從句，并在從句中充當(dāng)_) It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. (that引導(dǎo)_從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will

4、 depend on whether this problem can be solved. (第一個whether引導(dǎo)_從句；第二個whether引導(dǎo)_從句) 答案：主語；表語主語主語；主語主語；賓語主語主語；賓語,一、基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)撥 (一)定義 在主從復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)主語的從句，即為主語從句。 (二)引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞及其在句中的功能 1連接詞that和whether/if that引導(dǎo)主語從句，that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，僅起連接作用，但不能省略。whether/if引導(dǎo)主語從句，在主從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，起連接作用，但有自己的意義，也不可省略,That she could come to h

5、elp us made us very happy. 她能來幫助我們使我們很高興。 That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world. 大地震使很多人喪生令世界震驚。 Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否會來仍是個謎。 It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out. 這個計劃是否會實(shí)施還不知道,歸納拓展 (1)whether引導(dǎo)的主語從

6、句置于句首時，不可用if來替換。 (2)if引導(dǎo)主語從句時，要用it作形式主語，將if引導(dǎo)的主語從句后置，此時whether與if可互換。 2連接代詞who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等。 連接代詞引導(dǎo)從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語,What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.(what引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語) 最令我吃驚的是那個小女孩拉小提琴拉得那么好。 Wh

7、o will go to the concert is not known.(who引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語) 不知道誰會去聽音樂會。 Which book they will choose is still unknown.(which引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作定語) 不知道他們會選哪本書,Whoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished.(whoever引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語) 不論誰違反了交通規(guī)則都要受到懲罰。 3連接副詞when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however等。 連接副

8、詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在從句中作狀語。 When we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.(when引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作時間狀語) 我們還沒決定何時舉行運(yùn)動會,How they will reach the top of the high mountain is still under discussion.(how引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作方式狀語) 他們?nèi)栽谟懻撊绾蔚竭_(dá)那座高山的山頂。 Why we havent met each other for a long time is that she has gone to work a

9、broad.(why引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作原因狀語) 我們有很長時間沒有見面的原因是她已去國外工作,二、難點(diǎn)突破 (一)主語從句與形式主語it 1It is名詞詞組主語從句 Its a pity that you missed the film. 你沒有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。 2It is形容詞主語從句。 It is obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 很明顯咖啡店的經(jīng)理在等李方離開,名師點(diǎn)撥 在Itbeadj.從句這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，若形容詞為important/necess

10、ary/strange/essential等時，主語從句中的謂語用“(should)do”。如： It is very important that a student (should) learn English well. 學(xué)生學(xué)好英語很重要。 3It is過去分詞主語從句。 It is reported that President Xi will visit some African countries soon.(it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)真正的主語從句) 據(jù)報道習(xí)主席將很快訪問非洲的幾個國家,名師點(diǎn)撥 在“It is過去分詞主語從句”中，過去分詞若為advised/ordered

11、/asked等時，從句謂語用“(should)do”。 It is ordered that they should hand in their designs at once.(it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)從句作真正的主語，且從句中謂語用shoulddo，且should可以省略) 命令他們馬上交上他們的設(shè)計方案,4It seems/appears/occurs to sb/doesnt matter/makes no difference.主語從句。 It seems that it is going to rain. 看起來好像要下雨。 5It及物動詞賓語that從句。 It surpri

12、sed him that they came to visit him suddenly. 讓他吃驚的是他們突然來看他,二)主語從句中應(yīng)注意的問題 1從句的語序要用陳述語序。 When we will set off is still under discussion. 我們什么時候動身還在討論中。 Whoever leaves the room last is asked to turn off the lights. 無論誰最后離開都要把燈關(guān)掉。 2從句作主語時，主句的謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzl

13、ed him much. 畢業(yè)后到哪兒找份工作使他很困惑,名師點(diǎn)撥 what和who引導(dǎo)主語從句時，有時主句謂語的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中作表語的名詞保持一致。 What the school needs much are books. 這所學(xué)校需要的是書。 What the school needs much is money. 這所學(xué)校需要的是錢。 3從句的時態(tài)一般要取決于主句。 They lost their way in the forest and what made things worse was that night began to fall. 他們在森林里迷路了，更糟糕的是夜幕開始降臨

14、,語法填空 1Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _you have lived there for a short or a long time. 答案：whether考查名詞性從句。句意：村子里的人都很友好，所以你住在那里時間長還是短都沒關(guān)系。it是形式主語，真正主語是whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 2It is immediately clear_the financial crisis will soon be over. 答案：whether考查主語從句的用法。句意：經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)是否會很快結(jié)束是很明顯的事

15、情?！笆欠瘛庇脀hether表示，不能選when是因為從句中由soon這一時間狀語,3It has been proved_eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 答案：that句意：已經(jīng)證實(shí)童年時期食用蔬菜有助于晚年保護(hù)自己避免患嚴(yán)重的疾病。It has been proved that.為主語從句，表示“已經(jīng)證明” 。例如：Can it be proved that he did commit these offences? 能證明他確實(shí)犯了這些

16、罪嗎,4_ is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their special gift. 答案：what考查主語從句的連接詞。所缺處引導(dǎo)一個主語從句，并在從句中作句子的主語，所以用what。句意為：明顯正確的(做法)就是，給所有的孩子提供平等發(fā)展特殊才能的機(jī)會,5_was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 答案：what本題主要考查主語從句的用法。句意：她告訴我，對她來說最重要的是家庭。she told me為插入語

17、，what was most important to her為主語從句，其中what又是主語從句的主語。其他選項無此雙重語法功能,6_wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. 答案：Whoever考查主語從句。whoever意為“任何人，無論誰”，引導(dǎo)主語從句，作從句_wants to stay in a hotel 的主語。anyone意為“任何一個人”。the one意為“那人，某人”。都不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。who意為“誰”， 引導(dǎo)主語從句含有疑問的意味。 7It is none of your business_other pe

18、ople think about you.Believe yourself. 答案：whatwhat引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作think的賓語。it作形式主語。為了使句子保持平衡，常用it代替主語從句或賓語從句，而把主語從句或賓語從句放到后面,8It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. 答案：that考查名詞性從句。it是形式主語，真正主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。It occured to sb. that.“某人突然想到”。 9_he referred to in his article was un

19、known to the general reader. 答案：whatwhat引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作referred to的賓語,10_makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. 答案：Whatwhat引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作主語。表示這個商店經(jīng)常提供個性化服務(wù)使得它與眾不同。 11It has been proved _ taking exercise regularly does good to ones health. 答案：that句意：經(jīng)證明，有規(guī)律地鍛煉身體對一個人的健康有好處。it作

20、形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句，that在從句中不作成分，也沒有具體意義,12_ burns the forest should be punished. 答案：whoever句意：任何放火焚燒森林的人都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。這里用whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，作句子的主語。 13_ the flight to Shanghai will be delayed is _ Im especially worried about. 答案：whether; what考查名詞性從句。句意：飛往上海的航班是否耽擱是我特別擔(dān)心的事情。whether是否，引導(dǎo)主語從句；what引導(dǎo)表語從句并在從句中充當(dāng)

21、介詞about的賓語,14.(2014九江高一檢測)Mrs. White looks old for her age. Yes. It worries her most _ her hair is turning gray. 答案：that句意：懷特太太看上去比實(shí)際年齡大。是的，她的頭發(fā)逐漸變白這件事讓她最擔(dān)心。it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語，that無詞義，在從句中不作成分，符合題意。 15It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. 答案：whether句意：新組建的委員會的