body language語(yǔ)法ving狀語(yǔ)

1、 Unit 4Body language v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)名詞：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，當(dāng)分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)單獨(dú)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在所做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞前修飾的名詞前, ,說(shuō)明其修飾名詞的性質(zhì)或特征說(shuō)明其修飾名詞的性質(zhì)或特征, ,表表示供作示供作.之用之用”和和.的的”. .現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)a walking stick(a stick used for walking)drinking waterwater for drinking a waiting rooma room for wa

2、iting working peoplethe rising sun動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式是形式是短語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)，應(yīng)應(yīng)放在所修飾的名詞后，相當(dāng)于放在所修飾的名詞后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。They are visitors coming from several countries.who come from several countries.Three days later I received a letter offering me the job.which offered me the job.Practice: _ dogs seldom bite. Bark B. To

3、 bark C. Barked D. Barking (2) The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt_. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened C. frighten; frightening (1)D. frightening; frighteningDA(3) Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept (4) The _ buildings showed

4、 us that an earthquake was coming.A.A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake CA狀語(yǔ)：狀語(yǔ)： 英語(yǔ)中英語(yǔ)中,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫狀語(yǔ)（成分叫狀語(yǔ)（adverbial)。 狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況伴隨狀況等。等。 狀語(yǔ)一般狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞分詞和分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或

5、短語(yǔ)來(lái)來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在擔(dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。句首或句中。 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ)，分詞必須和句中的主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上句子的主語(yǔ)，分詞必須和句中的主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。的主謂關(guān)系，否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。但要注意它地各種形式變化：但要注意它地各種形式變化： 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般式一般式完成式完成式完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前完成

6、式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的原因原因、時(shí)間時(shí)間、方式方式、結(jié)果結(jié)果、條件條件、伴隨狀況伴隨狀況等。等。1. 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)-ing短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)要置于句首。如：短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)要置于句首。如：Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 當(dāng)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)不幸的消息時(shí)，他們情

7、不自當(dāng)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)不幸的消息時(shí)，他們情不自禁地哭了起來(lái)。禁地哭了起來(lái)。Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我決定給他回信。收到他的信后，我決定給他回信。 2. 作原因狀語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)-ing短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)置于句首。如：短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)置于句首。如：Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go

8、to sleep. 因?yàn)樘鷼饬耍荒苋胨?。因?yàn)樘鷼饬耍荒苋胨?Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. 因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城許多次，上周他就因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城許多次，上周他就沒(méi)去。沒(méi)去。Being ill, he didnt go to school.Being a student, you should study hard.(=Since

9、 you are a student, you should study hard.）既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生，你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生，你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。由于想到他或許在家，所以我就給他打了電話。由于想到他或許在家，所以我就給他打了電話。Thinking he might be at home, I called him.(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)3. 作條件狀語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ)-ing作條件狀語(yǔ)置于句首或句末。如：作條件狀語(yǔ)置于句首或句末。如：Working hard, you will succeed. =If you w

10、ork hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奮一點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)成功。如果你勤奮一點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)成功。Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.=If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果對(duì)這些樹(shù)再多注意些，它們可如果對(duì)這些樹(shù)再多注意些，它們可能長(zhǎng)得更好。能長(zhǎng)得更好。4. 作讓步狀語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ) -ing短語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ)，可置于句首或短語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ)，可置于句首或 句末，常與句末，常與even if,

11、 though 連用。如：連用。如：Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.=Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 雖然他父親從早到晚拼命地干活，但是雖然他父親從早到晚拼命地干活，但是他還是掙不到足夠的吃的。他還是掙不到足夠的吃的。 5. 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)置于句首或句末。如：置于句首或句末。如：They came into the classroom, singing

12、and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他們又唱又笑地走進(jìn)教室。他們又唱又笑地走進(jìn)教室。 表方式、伴隨情況的狀語(yǔ)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語(yǔ) ：作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分：作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分詞表示的動(dòng)作，必須是詞表示的動(dòng)作，必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的一個(gè) 動(dòng)作動(dòng)作，或是，或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示地動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）同時(shí)發(fā)生與謂語(yǔ)所表示地動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）同時(shí)發(fā)生，或，或是是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞（或狀態(tài)）作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞（或狀態(tài)）作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明充說(shuō)明。Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He

13、 sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。_ , they went into the classroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。著墻站著。He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talking6.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother die

14、d in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)全國(guó)到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受全國(guó)到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受歡迎地歌曲。歡迎地歌曲。The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular songWhen working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.=When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.注意：注意：1. -ing短

15、語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)與when, while, though, until, if等等連詞連用時(shí)，可以使連詞連用時(shí)，可以使V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)表達(dá)形式作狀語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意思更加明確。的意思更加明確。（相當(dāng)于這些連詞引導(dǎo)（相當(dāng)于這些連詞引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)從句）的一個(gè)從句）如：如：If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. =If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. =Though it was

16、 raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.2. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯形式在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般是句子的主語(yǔ)。如：主語(yǔ)一般是句子的主語(yǔ)。如：Tom sat under the tree, chatting with his friends. They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. 某些某些v-ing形式所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)如：形式所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)如：generally speaking, judging from/by ., supposing作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)可作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)

17、，其邏輯主語(yǔ)可以和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。這種形式已經(jīng)成以和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。這種形式已經(jīng)成為固定搭配。為固定搭配。 Supposing you have one million dollars, what would you do?1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found

18、in it.Choose the correct sentence.3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.5. a. Being fin

19、e, we will have the sports meeting next week. b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.-ing形式的否定式為在其前面加形式的否定式為在其前面加not。如：如： He sat there, not knowing what to say.Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause2. The student sat there, _ what to do.A. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowingExercise3.He sat there _ , with his head on his hand. and think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought4. After se