高考語法詞法介詞Word版

1、高考語法詞法、詞類辨析介 詞一、考點精析復(fù)習(xí)介詞時要把握三點：1要注意理解情景意義：同一介詞可表達(dá)多種意義，同一場合意義不同則介詞不同。2突破幾個關(guān)鍵介詞in，on，at，with，by，from，of，to，for。3注意介詞搭配，集中歸納，反復(fù)練習(xí)。二、常用介詞基本用法1at：主要表示方向、場所、時間的某一點at the corner of the street，at dinner，at sixty miles an hour，be sold at three yuan a dozen，come at us 固定搭配：at daybreak，at one time，at the begin

2、ning of，at the post office，at the airport，at dawn，at the weekend，at the age of 25，at the same time，at birth，at present，at any time，at a time，at times，at the speed of ，at a height of ，at the latest 表示原因，表示“見/聞而”。 at the news2in：表示場所、時間與期限、狀況、方向。be dressed in rags in English be sold in pairs 主要用來表示較長的

3、時間單位，如月份、季節(jié)、年份等 in the 1990s in the late 19th century 形成“in+時段名詞”的詞組或固定搭配in those days，in the daytime，in a short while，in no time，in time 介詞in在短語或句型中的省略：1) 某些形容詞/過去分詞后接v-ing形式時，v-ing形式前的介詞in可以省略。be busy (in) doing be engaged (in) doing （忙于）2) 某些動詞如busy、occupy、employ等，常與反身代詞連用，其后的in也可以省略。busy oneself

4、 (in) doing occupy oneself (in) doing3)某些動詞如spend、pass、waste等與表示時間的名詞連用，后面的介詞也可以省略。spend time (in) doing waste time (in) doing4)在have no difficulty in doing sth.、have no trouble in doing sth.、have no business in doing sth.等句型中介詞也可以省略。5) 在句型There is no use (in)doing sth.中，介詞也可省略。固定搭配：in the world，in

5、(the)future，in the snow /rain / storm，in ink，in short，in public，in return，in turn，in danger，in this way，in that case，in search of，in place of，in the air，in case，in common，in the hope of，in other words，in praise of，in silence，in space，in one2 / 14s opinion，in modern times，in surprise，in a queue，in th

6、e open air3on：主要表示在上面、根據(jù)或基礎(chǔ)、有關(guān)或涉及的方面、表示某天。固定搭配：on doing sth.，on the afternoon of October，on Tuesday evening，on foot，hit sb. on the head，on the right/ left，on fire，on duty，on sale，on the radio，on and on，on show，on earth，on average，on ones own注意：一般帶有宗教色彩的節(jié)日名詞前面用at，如圣誕節(jié)。 一般的節(jié)日名詞前用on。4by主要表示接近、時限、動作的執(zhí)行者

7、、方式。固定搭配：by the village，be paid by the month，by oneself，by chance，by foot(=on foot)，by hand，learn by heart，by mistake，by accident，by force，year by year，side by side，stone by stone，by now / then5for主要表示目的、原因、交換值以及時間和距離的長度。固定搭配：make sth. for sb.，for some reason or other，thank sb. for sth.，for almost o

8、ne year，for example，for the time being，for sale，for free，for one thing，for nothing6of表示部分與全體的關(guān)系、所有關(guān)系、來源和所用的材料。of所有格表示的多種關(guān)系：1）從屬關(guān)系：the wheel of the car2）局部-整體關(guān)系：some of the water3）量化關(guān)系：a cup of tea4）描述關(guān)系：a professor of learning（知識豐富的教授）5）同位關(guān)系： the city of Beijing6）動賓關(guān)系：the study of the map（研究地圖）7）主謂關(guān)

9、系：the determination of the workers（工人們的決心）固定搭配：be of much use，rob sb. of sth.，be fond of，make fun of，be tired of，of ones own，instead of，run out of7to 主要表示方向、程度、結(jié)果、關(guān)系和位置。固定搭配：rise to / by ，to ones surprise / joy/ astonishment，to the east of，key to，come up to，add up to，be open to the public，to the poi

10、nt，thanks to，suit to ，stick to，refer to三、容易錯、?？嫉慕樵~及搭配1be made of，be made from，be made into，be made in2call on = visit，call for = go and pick up，call at ones house or office3on business （出差）/ strike（）罷工 / duty（值日） / holiday / fire / vacation / watch（警戒） / sale（出售） / leave（請假） / guard（警戒）4have some tr

11、ouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.，have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth.5A is pleased to B，B is pleased with A（對感到滿意）6be tired of，be tired from7with the help of，under the leadership of8by means of（使用），by way of（經(jīng)由），by heart（記?。?，by the way9out of question（毫無疑問），out of the question（毫不可能）10prevent /

12、 stop / keep sb. from doing sth.11be thankful to sb. for sth.12steal sth. from sb.，rob sb. of sth.13insist on doing sth.，persist in doing sth.，stick to，go on doing sth.14set about doing sth.，set out to do sth.15look sb. in the face，hit sb. on the face，lead the cow by the nose16do a favour for sb. =

13、do sb. a favour17tell A from B四、介詞的慣用型1above all（首先），after all，at all（全然），in all2day after day，year after year，one after one，one after another3at peace（和平），at war（戰(zhàn)爭），at times（時常），at dinner4by oneself，by all means（盡一切辦法、務(wù)必），by chance，by accident，by no means（決不、并沒有），by means of（用、依靠） ，by the way5in h

14、er teens（十幾歲），in pain，in danger，in need6to ones joy / sorrow / surprise7with care（仔細(xì)地），with joy / pleasure（高興地），with ones help，with the best wishes（致以我們良好的祝愿），without difficulty（毫不困難地），without exception（毫不例外），without delay（立即、馬上）8according to（依據(jù)），along with（和一起），as to（至于），because of，except for（除之外），

15、instead of（代替）9out of order（不正常），out of date，out of trouble（脫離困境），out of sight，out of debt（還清了債務(wù)），out of touch（沒有聯(lián)系）10at the bottom of，at the centre of，at the end of，at the top of，at the cost of（以為代價）at the sight of，at the thought of，at a speed of11in memory of（紀(jì)念），in favour of（同意），in the habit of（有

16、習(xí)慣），in touch with（與保持聯(lián)系）on the left of，on the eve of（在前夕）12from time to time（不時地）， from day to day（天天）， from hand to hand（一個傳一個），from side to side（左右地），from car to car（一個車廂一個車廂地），from bad to worse（越來越差），from beginning to end（從頭到尾），from hand to mouth（僅能糊口），from head to foot，from start to finish，from

17、one to another五、掌握方式、手段、工具的表達(dá)方法1） in +文字、語言、材料名詞in English (ink, pencil, capital letters)2） with +工具、機(jī)器；人體器官；情緒、情感、態(tài)度的名詞with a branch, with ones nose, with pride, with satisfaction, with the help of, with ones permission3） by 表示泛指的方式、手段 by bus, by land, by means of（用方法）, by way of（經(jīng)由） , by doing sth

18、., by hand（手工）, by post（由郵局傳遞）, by letter（用寫信的方式）, by electricity, by hard work, by the year, by the hour（by + the + 單位名詞） 按4） 其它表示方式（情況、狀況、手段）的表示法through the radio / by radio / on the radio, through / by / from practice, by telephone (on the telephone), on foot, on the train, in satisfaction, in su

19、rprise, in silence, in a low voice, in comfort, in sorrow, in high / good / poor spirits,in anger, in safety, in debt, in good order, in good / poor health, in tears,in use, in pain, 六、某些名詞和介詞的固定搭配1）要求to：key, answer, visit, apology, introduction2）要求in：interest, satisfaction, expert3）要求on：mercy, cong

20、ratulation4）要求其它：victory over, struggle with, price for, respect for七、某些形容詞和介詞的固定搭配1）be afraid of 擔(dān)心 be afraid for替而擔(dān)心2）be angry about / at sth.因而生氣 be angry with sb.對某人發(fā)怒3）be anxious for sth.渴望 be anxious about sth. / sb.擔(dān)心4）be different from 與不同 be indifferent to 不關(guān)心5）be good at 擅長 be good for 對有益

21、 be good of sb. to do sth.友好6）be strict with sb.對嚴(yán)格 be strict in sth.7）be popular with sb.受到歡迎 be popular in some place流行在 be popular for因而流行8）be pleased with + n.或what從句；be pleased at +抽象名詞 聽、看到而高興9）be disappointed at sth. ；be disappointed with sb.對失望10）be known to sb. ；be known with + n.或從句 ；be kn

22、own for因而著名11）be absent from缺席12）be devoted to 獻(xiàn)身于13）be open to 對開放14）be poor / clever / expert at 15）be sorry for 替/為后悔16）be rich in be interested in 17）be proud of (take pride in)18）be satisfied with / by be sure of / about 19）be fond of, be fit for, be busy with sth. (in doing sth.)20）be late for

23、, be ready for21）be similar to ；be wrong with 八、以to為中心構(gòu)成短語的歸納belong to, come to（蘇醒）, look forward to, lead to, stick to, refer to, turn to, drink to（為干杯）, object to（反對）, reply to the letter, help oneself to, sing / dance to the music（和著在聲中唱/跳）, devote oneself to九、以for為中心構(gòu)成短語的歸納 ask for, call for（去接某

24、人）, care for（關(guān)心）, go in for（從事）, answer for（對負(fù)責(zé)）, send for, pay for, praise sb. for（贊揚某人某事）, head for（向方向移動）, search for, take for （誤以為）, leave for, prepare for（為準(zhǔn)備）, thank sb. for, make a dive for（向猛沖）, make up for（彌 補損失）十、以on為中心構(gòu)成短語的歸納come on來吧, call on拜訪, pass on傳遞, carry on進(jìn)行下去, live on sth.靠生活,

25、 depend on依靠, have on穿著, have pity on同情, look on as 把看作, push on推動, spy on窺探, switch / turn on旋開, wait on服侍, walk on繼續(xù)走, spendon 在上花費時間、金錢, operate on給動手術(shù), take on a new look呈現(xiàn)新面貌 十一、吊尾介詞1）某些形容詞后接不及物動詞或“V+介”型短語動詞的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介詞。A) fit, easy, hard, good, difficult, comfortable, heavy等形容后常用吊尾介詞。e.g

26、. The girl is easy to get along with.B) be worth doing, be worthy of being done, be worthy to be done, want / require / need doing表反射，常用吊尾介詞。e.g. The problem is worth dealing with. The book is worthy of being referred to.2）不及物動詞的不定式修飾表“涉及對象、場所、工具、手段、方式、材料等”意義的名詞時常帶吊尾介詞。e.g. There is nothing for us t

27、o worry about. a room to live in3）定語從句中，先行詞被一個不及物動詞所修飾，則不及物動詞后要帶介詞，先行詞被“V+介”組成的短語動詞所修飾，介詞常在句尾。e.g. He is the very man I just spoke to. This is the life he is used to.4）以what，whose，who，whatever等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句、表語從句中常出現(xiàn)“吊尾介詞”。e.g. I dont know what you do it for.5）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和特殊疑問句中由于被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分和疑問詞位置變更，常出現(xiàn)吊尾介詞。在上下文意義清楚時，特

28、殊疑問句常用省簡結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. It is the poor boy that we gave the books to. What for?（為什么？）Where to?（去哪兒？）Who with?（和誰去？）6）被動語態(tài)中“V+介”短語常用吊尾介詞。e.g. He was listened to to come here. He has never been spoken to in this way.十二、雙重介詞雙重介詞是兩個介詞的重疊使用，表達(dá)兩個介詞共有的更精確更明了的含義，從表達(dá)意義的角度分析，雙重介詞用在一個介詞難以全面表達(dá)含義的場合，或者是需要從兩個角度來描述其具體意義的場

29、合，一般地，前一個介詞意義含糊，后一個介詞比較具體或從另一個角度對前者進(jìn)行補充完善。e.g. New shoots will come up from round roots.新芽從舊根周圍長出。（from和round同屬地點位置范疇，但一個介詞均不足以全面表意。）He wont come back until after sunset.到太陽落山之后他才回來。（until與after同屬時間范疇。）He has traveled everywhere except in Japan.Water began to flow out instead of into the bottle.十三、常

30、用介詞辨異1about, on, of 關(guān)于on多用于慎重的、正式的語言交際場合。常見于“學(xué)術(shù)上”的“論文”或“演說”等題目，可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀，有“論及”之意。about表示的內(nèi)容多為普遍、不那么正式，有“述及”之意。of作“關(guān)于”講，表示提及、涉及某人（事）時，只表示事情存在或發(fā)生，并不涉及詳情；有時與about意義相近，但有時意義很不同，常與動詞know、hear、learn（聽說）、speak、talk、think、tell等連用。2except, except for, except that, but, besides, besideexcept“除之外”，指不包括，后面常接名詞、代詞（人稱代詞常用賓格），