八章節(jié)各類營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值

1、食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值的評(píng)定食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值的評(píng)定 營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的種類及含量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的種類及含量 營(yíng)養(yǎng)素質(zhì)量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素質(zhì)量 營(yíng)養(yǎng)質(zhì)量指數(shù)(index of nutrition quality, inq) inq1,該營(yíng)養(yǎng)素與能量含量達(dá)到平衡； inq1,該營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的供給量高于能量的供給量； inq1,該營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的供給少于能量的供給。熱能熱能(kj)(kj)蛋白質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)(g)(g)視黃醇視黃醇(g)(g)硫胺素硫胺素(mg)(mg)核黃素核黃素(mg)(mg)成年男子輕體力勞動(dòng)成年男子輕體力勞動(dòng)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素供給標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素供給標(biāo)準(zhǔn)100g100g雞蛋雞蛋inqinq100g100g大米大米inqinq100g100g大豆大豆in

2、qinq10042100426536531456145615021502757512.812.82.622.628.08.00.740.7435.135.13.133.138008001941943.733.7337370.310.311.41.40.130.131.431.430.220.221.081.080.410.411.961.961.41.40.320.323.523.520.050.050.250.250.200.200.960.96雞蛋、大米、大豆中幾種營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的雞蛋、大米、大豆中幾種營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的inqinq值值 一、谷類的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分 幾種谷類的蛋白質(zhì)組成（%） 谷物白蛋白球蛋白醇溶蛋

3、白谷蛋白大米小麥玉米高粱535418106102185405050555060803040304532必需氨基酸必需氨基酸who建議氨基酸構(gòu)成比建議氨基酸構(gòu)成比雞蛋雞蛋大豆大豆綠豆綠豆異亮氨酸異亮氨酸亮氨酸亮氨酸賴氨酸賴氨酸蛋氨酸胱氨酸蛋氨酸胱氨酸苯丙氨酸酪氨酸苯丙氨酸酪氨酸蘇氨酸蘇氨酸色氨酸色氨酸纈氨酸纈氨酸4.04.07.07.05.55.53.53.56.06.04.04.01.01.05.05.04.84.88.18.16.56.54.74.78.68.64.54.51.71.75.45.45.25.28.18.16.46.42.52.58.68.64.04.01.31.34.94.9

4、4.54.58.18.17.57.52.32.39.79.73.63.61.11.15.55.5雞蛋、大豆、綠豆的氨基酸組成（g/100g蛋白質(zhì)） 大豆中的抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因素大豆中的抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因素 蛋白酶抑制劑（protease inhibitor, pi） 豆腥味 脹氣因子(flatus-producing factor) 水蘇糖 棉籽糖 植酸 皂甙 植物紅細(xì)胞凝集素 幾種豆制品每100g中主要營(yíng)養(yǎng)素含量 蛋白質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)(g)(g)脂肪脂肪(g) (g) 碳水化合碳水化合物物(g) (g) 視黃醇當(dāng)視黃醇當(dāng)量量(g) (g) 硫胺素硫胺素(mg) (mg) 核黃素核黃素(mg) (mg) 抗壞血酸抗壞血酸

5、(mg) (mg) 豆豆 漿漿豆豆 腐腐豆豆 豉豉黃豆芽黃豆芽綠豆芽綠豆芽1.81.88.18.124.124.14.54.52.12.10.70.73.73.71.61.60.10.11.11.14.24.236.836.84.54.52.92.915155 53 30.020.020.040.040.020.020.040.040.050.050.020.020.030.030.090.090.070.070.060.060 00 00 08 86 6常見蔬菜每100g中三種維生素的含量 柿子椒柿子椒花菜花菜莧菜莧菜冬莧菜冬莧菜菠菜菠菜冬瓜冬瓜南瓜南瓜胡蘿卜胡蘿卜維生素維生素c(mg)胡蘿

6、卜素胡蘿卜素(g)核黃素核黃素(mg)723400.0361300.084721000.212069500.05324870.1118800.0188900.041640100.04鮮棗鮮棗獼猴桃獼猴桃 柑柑桔桔芒果芒果蘋果蘋果葡萄葡萄桃桃草莓草莓維生素維生素c(mg)c(mg)胡蘿卜素胡蘿卜素(g)(g)核黃素核黃素(mg)(mg)2432432402400.090.0962621301300.020.0228288908900.040.0419195205200.030.032323805080500.040.044 420200.020.02252550500.020.027 72020

7、0.030.03474730300.030.03常見水果中三種維生素的含量(/100g) 幾種蔬菜中鈣和草酸含量(mg/100g) 蔬菜名稱鈣草酸大蕹菜芋禾桿厚皮菜莧 菜圓葉菠菜折耳菜224406435910212169129847111426061150豬肉及內(nèi)臟主要營(yíng)養(yǎng)素含量（每100g可食部） 蛋白質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)(g) (g) 脂肪脂肪(g) (g) 鈣鈣(g) (g) 鐵鐵(g) (g) 視黃醇當(dāng)量視黃醇當(dāng)量(g) (g) vitbvitb1 1(mg)(mg)vitbvitb2 2(mg)(mg)膽固醇膽固醇(mg) (mg) 豬肉豬肉( (瘦瘦) )豬心豬心豬肝豬肝豬腎豬腎豬腦豬腦20.

8、320.316.616.619.319.315.415.410.810.86.26.25.35.33.83.83.23.29.89.86 612126 6121230303.03.04.34.322.622.66.16.11.91.9444413134972497241410.540.540.190.190.210.210.310.310.110.110.100.100.480.482.082.081.141.140.190.19797915115128828835435425712571食物名稱食物名稱 蛋白質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)(g) (g) 脂肪脂肪(g) (g) 視黃醇當(dāng)視黃醇當(dāng)量量(g) (g)

9、硫胺素硫胺素(mg) (mg) 核黃素核黃素(mg) (mg) 鈣鈣(mg) (mg) 鐵鐵(mg) (mg) 膽固醇膽固醇(mg) (mg) 雞雞雞肝雞肝雞肫雞肫鴨鴨鴨肝鴨肝鴨肫鴨肫鵝鵝炸雞炸雞( (肯德基肯德基) )19.319.316.616.619.219.215.515.514.514.517.917.917.917.920.320.39.49.44.84.82.82.819.719.77.57.51.31.319.919.917.317.34848104101041036365252104010406 6424223230.050.050.330.330.040.040.080.0

10、80.260.260.040.040.070.070.030.030.090.091.101.100.090.090.220.221.051.050.150.150.230.230.170.179 97 77 76 6181812124 41091091.41.412.012.04.44.42.22.223.123.14.34.33.83.82.22.210610635635617417494943413411351357474198198雞、鴨、鵝主要營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的含量（每100g可食部） 不同奶營(yíng)養(yǎng)素比較（每100g含量） 人乳牛乳羊乳水分(g)蛋白質(zhì)(g)脂肪(g)碳水化合物(g)熱能(kj)

11、鈣(mg)磷(mg)鐵(mg)視黃醇當(dāng)量(g)硫胺素(mg)核黃素(mg)尼克酸(mg)抗壞血酸(mg)87.61.33.47.427230130.1110.010.050.205.089.93.03.23.4226104730.3240.030.140.101.088.91.53.55.424782980.5840.040.122.10奶中氮的分布 牛奶人奶含量mg/100ml占總氮量的百分比(%) 含量mg/100ml 占總氮量的百分比(%) 總 氮酪 蛋 白乳清蛋白非蛋白氮540430803010079.614.85.6162497736100304822奶制品的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值奶制品的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值

12、 巴氏殺菌乳(pasteurized milk) 奶粉(milk powder) 全脂奶粉(whole milk powder) 脫脂奶粉(skimmed milk powder) 調(diào)制奶粉(formula milk powder) 酸奶(cultured milk) 煉乳(condensed milk) 甜煉乳(sweetened condensed milk) 淡煉乳(evaporated milk) 復(fù)合奶(mixture milk) 奶油(butter) 全蛋蛋清蛋黃水 分蛋白質(zhì)脂 肪糖礦物質(zhì)73.875.812.811.11.31.084.487.78.911.60.11.83.20

13、.644.951.514.515.526.433.83.46.21.1蛋各部分的主要營(yíng)養(yǎng)組成(%)蛋白質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)(g)(g)脂肪脂肪(g)(g)碳水化合碳水化合物物(g)(g)視黃醇當(dāng)視黃醇當(dāng)量量(g)(g) 硫胺素硫胺素(mg)(mg)核黃素核黃素(mg)(mg)鈣鈣(mg)(mg)鐵鐵(mg)(mg)膽固膽固醇醇(mg)(mg)全雞蛋全雞蛋雞蛋白雞蛋白雞蛋黃雞蛋黃鴨鴨 蛋蛋咸鴨蛋咸鴨蛋松花蛋松花蛋鵪鶉蛋鵪鶉蛋12.812.811.611.615.215.212.612.612.712.714.214.212.812.811.111.16.16.128.228.213013012.712.71

14、0.710.711.111.11.31.33.13.13.43.43.13.16.36.34.54.52.12.11941944384382612611341342152153373370.130.130.040.040.330.330.170.170.160.160.060.060.110.110.320.320.310.310.290.290.350.350.330.330.180.180.490.4944449 91121126262118118636347472.32.31.61.66.56.52.92.93.63.63.33.33.23.25855851510151056556564

15、7647608608531531各種主要營(yíng)養(yǎng)素含量(每100g)營(yíng)養(yǎng)組成營(yíng)養(yǎng)組成大米出米率大米出米率小麥出粉率小麥出粉率929496728085水水分分粗蛋白粗蛋白粗脂肪粗脂肪糖糖無機(jī)鹽無機(jī)鹽纖維素纖維素15.56.20.80.30.60.315.56.61.10.40.80.415.56.91.50.61.00.614.58130.81.51.52.00.30.6微0.214.59141.01.61.52.00.60.80.20.414.59141.52.02.02.50.70.90.40.9不同出米率大米和不同出粉率小麥的營(yíng)養(yǎng)組成(%)5072808595 100硫胺素核黃素尼克酸泛 酸吡

16、哆酸0.080.030.700.400.100.110.040.720.600.150.260.051.200.900.250.310.071.601.100.300.400.126.001.500.50不同出粉率小麥b族維生素的變化(mg/100g)食食物物原料原料烹調(diào)方法烹調(diào)方法硫胺素硫胺素核黃素核黃素尼克酸尼克酸烹調(diào)前烹調(diào)前(mg)(mg)烹調(diào)后烹調(diào)后(mg)(mg)保存率保存率(%)(%)烹調(diào)前烹調(diào)前(mg)(mg)烹調(diào)后烹調(diào)后(mg)(mg)保存率保存率(%)(%)烹調(diào)前烹調(diào)前(mg)(mg)烹調(diào)后烹調(diào)后(mg)(mg)保存率保存率(%)(%)飯飯飯飯粥粥饅饅頭頭饅饅頭頭面面條條面面

17、條條大大餅餅大大餅餅燒燒餅餅油油條條窩窩頭頭稻米稻米( (標(biāo)一標(biāo)一稻米稻米( (標(biāo)一標(biāo)一) )小米小米富強(qiáng)粉富強(qiáng)粉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉富強(qiáng)粉富強(qiáng)粉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉富強(qiáng)粉富強(qiáng)粉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉玉米面玉米面撈、蒸撈、蒸碗蒸碗蒸熬熬發(fā)酵、蒸發(fā)酵、蒸發(fā)酵、蒸發(fā)酵、蒸煮煮煮煮烙烙烙烙烙、烤烙、烤炸炸蒸蒸0.210.210.210.210.660.660.070.070.270.270.290.290.610.610.350.350.480.480.450.450.490.490.330.330.070.070.130.130.120.120.200.200.190.190.200.200.310.310.340.340.380.380.290.290 00.330.3333336262181828287070696951519797797964640 01001000.060.060.060.060.030.030.050.050.060.060.050.050.030.030.060.060.060.060.080.080.030.030.140.140.030.030.060.060.030.030.050.050.060.060.050.050.030.030.060.060.060.060.080.080.030.